P.S.D方法在故障诊断技术中的疲劳失效分析研究

本文探讨了用功率谱法(P.S.D法)对机械零部件进行故障诊断和寿命预估。运用随机振动和随机疲劳理论,在频率域内分析零部件危险部位的动态应力并估算其寿命,且用Monte Carlo随机模拟法和八级程序块模拟试验验证P.S.D法的实用性。     

功率谱法在机械零件疲劳寿命估算中的应用

随机载荷作用下的机械零部件的寿命估算,除了用通常的幅值域统计计数方法外,还可以利用频率域的主要信息-功率谱密度函数(P.S.D) 的方法。本文推导了功率谱法估算寿命的公式,给出了相应的计算程序,并在解决两个工程实例时加以应用。本文认为,在估算高周随机疲劳寿命问题时,功率谱法不失为一种简单、方便,值得在工程中推广的方法。     

结构随机振动疲劳寿命估算的样本法

提出了一种结构随机振动疲劳寿命估算的样本法,通过该样本法能够处理在频域内用谱密度描述的宽带随机振动载荷的情况。利用该样本法,首先将频域内的随机振动载荷信号通过抽样使其转换为时域信号;然后用有限元法计算结构危险点的应力谱,再采用变程法过滤掉小载荷而获得危险点的应力谱;最后用传统的疲劳寿命估算方法进行寿命估算,获得危险点疲劳寿命的均值和方差。算例结果表明,采用样本法获得的预测结果与试验值吻合得很好。     

基于频域的车载污物箱随机振动疲劳寿命仿真

以某一车载污物箱为例,详细地介绍了基于频域的随机振动疲劳仿真技术理论及实现过程:即首先对结构进行频域响应计算,得到结构的传递函数,再将此传递函数与输入的功率谱相乘,获得结构的应力功率谱密度,再结合材料参数,选择合适的疲劳损伤模型,利用频域法计算结构的疲劳寿命。频域方法计算简单,不需要循环计数,因此,采用功率谱密度法估算结构疲劳寿命的方法具有很强的工程实用价值,受到了广泛重视。     

用微型计算机进行机械零部件的疲劳寿命估算

介绍了用微型计算机对机械零部件进行疲劳寿命估算的全过程:构件所受随机载荷的数据采集,用疲劳计数法进行数据的统计处理,多工况疲劳载荷谱的编制,疲劳载荷谱向应力谱的转换;利用较新的疲劳性能数据,用Miner理论估算构件的疲劳寿命。还介绍了用随机存取文件的方法,组织管理大量复杂的疲劳性能数据,用于疲劳寿命估算的技术。最后通过二个实例,将估算结果与室内试验结果进行了比较。对比结果证明:其误差在允许范围内。     

随机振动环境下结构的疲劳失效分析

讨论了随机振动响应的统计特性分析、结构响应的动应力与常规疲劳载荷的关 系,如何将结构响应动应力等价为常规的静力疲劳载荷,利用Ｓ－Ｎ曲线和名义应 力法对结构寿命的估算方法等。完成了用功率谱密度表示的随机振动载荷作用下悬 臂板结构的响应分析以及疲劳寿命估计。     

动车组制动控制单元吊架基于nCode的随机疲劳寿命评估

针对某型400 km高速动车组制动控制单元BCU吊架对随机振动疲劳耐久性能的要求,基于ANSYS APDL软件对焊接吊架做频率响应分析,获取吊架的应力频响函数(FRF);按IEC 61373标准对长寿命随机振动加速度功率谱密度的规定,利用BS 7608规定的不同焊缝接头等级的S-N曲线,在nCode中采用Miner线性累积损伤理论和Dirlik疲劳寿命计算方法,对制动单元吊架进行随机振动疲劳寿命分析。     

随机载荷下焊接结构疲劳寿命的一种有效计算方法

随机载荷下的疲劳寿命估算方法通常涉及两个方面,循环计数和损伤累积。本文研究了一种用于随机载荷下焊接构件疲劳寿命预测的有效计算方法。按照这种方法,只要求已知应力历程的功率谱密度和常规疲劳试验数据,就可以对承受随机载荷的焊接构件作出疲劳寿命计算。利用结构系统的复频响应函数,可以由已知的输入功率谱求出结构响应的谱密度。这就使得结构设计者即使在设计阶段不知道结构承受的应力历程,而只知道结构系统的输入,也同样可以对所设计的结构作出疲劳寿命预测。本文所述方法被用于某超重型矿用汽车车架的疲劳寿命计算,计算结果与实际情况基本吻合。     

装配应力对飞机管道随机疲劳寿命的影响分析与试验验证

针对飞机液压管路连接件疲劳断裂问题,基于随机振动理论对带有轴向装配偏差的液压导管进行疲劳寿命预估。从建立真实飞机液压系统管路连接件有限元模型入手,分析轴向装配偏差产生的装配应力对结构的影响规律,通过试验获取不同轴向偏差下的管路连接件的阻尼比。利用有限元分析软件进行随机振动分析,获取危险部位的应力响应功率谱密度函数,结合Miner线性损伤理论,对含有装配应力的管路连接件进行了随机振动疲劳寿命预估。设计并进行了管路共振疲劳试验,发现管道裂纹萌生位置及疲劳寿命下降趋势与仿真结果契合,仿真及试验结果表明当轴向偏差达到0.8 mm时,严重影响到了飞行安全。研究成果为航空液压管路的设计及装配理论研究提供理论参考和技术支撑。     

点焊结构在随机振动环境下的疲劳寿命研究

在叙述振动疲劳寿命频域法中的Dirlik方法的基础上,根据模态试验修正有限元模型,采用有限元方法对点焊结构进行随机振动疲劳寿命预测。分析了不同PSD谱型对随机振动疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:同一振动量级下,处于第1阶固有频率段的PSD幅值增加,随机振动疲劳寿命呈现明显下降趋势;在白噪声加速度功率谱作用下,功率谱密度幅值保持不变的条件下,随着带宽的增加,随机振动寿命呈现减小趋势,第1阶模态频率与第2阶模态频率间的非共振区频率段对随机振动疲劳寿命的影响是不可忽略。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.