煤基炭膜在处理高浓度焦化废水中的应用

以瘦煤,焦煤为原料,炭化制得炭膜.通过改变添加剂焦煤含量,可以得到不同平均孔径的炭膜.并采用气体泡压法、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征炭膜的孔结构.研究结果表明,当瘦煤与焦煤比例为80:20,成型压力为20MPa,炭化终温为900℃,原料粒度为325目,制备炭膜的孔径主要分布在0.1～0.4μm范围,水的渗透通量为147.88 ×10~(-8)m~3(m~2·h·Pa),并将其应用处理高浓度焦化废水,废水中的COD_(Cr)含量减少了63.41%,而氨氮减少了20%以上,说明用炭膜处理高浓度焦化废水是具有一定效果,可以减少高浓度焦化废水进入生化处理站所需补充的新水,达到节能减排的目的.     

原料粒度与膜形状对炭膜油水分离性的影响

有效处理石油工业中副产的大量含油废水,是资源、能源与环境等交叉领域的热点问题。以酚醛树脂粉为原料,经成型和炭化等过程制备了炭膜,并用于分离含油废水的研究。考察了原料粒度和炭膜形状对分离性的影响。结果显示,所开发的管状炭膜比平板状炭膜具有更高的分离性能。当采用0.075 mm粒度酚醛树脂所制备的管状炭膜时,其水渗透通量达13 721.52 kg/m²·h,截留率稳定在83.3%,比同条件下制备的平板状炭膜高出16.3%。     

印染废水除杂及资源化处理工艺研究

采用“电絮凝浮选+多介质滤器+弱酸床树脂”对印染废水进行除杂软化膜前预处理，预处理产水再经过RO浓缩和NF分盐将废水中氯离子和硫酸根离子进行有效分离，并对分离后两股盐溶液分别进行盐回收和制酸碱处理。通过对废水除杂、膜分盐浓缩及双极膜产酸碱等处理效果进行分析，实验结果表明回收盐硫酸钠品质达到II类一等品标准，可回用于印染加工过程，同时废水中盐转化制得的酸碱可用于系统的再生及中和处理等。该处理工艺实现印染废水的资源化循环利用，为废水除杂及资源化处理提供参考。     

水处理用炭膜的制备研究

以煤基沥青为原料,通过热处理制得中间相沥青,粉碎后经自粘成型、预氧化、炭化过程制得炭膜,把制得的炭膜用于染料水溶液的分离．通过考察各个工艺条件对炭膜分离性能的影响,确定出制备炭膜的最佳工艺参数．并考察了浸渍法对炭膜分离性能的影响．     

生物炭对阳离子染料的吸附性能研究进展

印染废水是一类重要的难降解工业废水,高效处理印染废水对于保护水生态环境和促进印染行业的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。生物炭原料来源广泛、比表面积大、孔隙结构发达、制备成本低,对印染废水中的多种污染物均表现出良好的吸附潜能,其中采用生物炭吸附阳离子染料的研究近年来备受关注。概述了可用于制备生物炭的生物质原料选取原则,以及...     

水热炭化制备污泥生物炭的碳固定

采用水热炭化法将市政污泥与印染污泥在不同的水热温度下制备成生物炭,并着重分析了污泥生物炭的碳固定指标与水热温度的关系。结果表明,污泥泥质和水热温度对生物炭碳固定特性影响明显。市政污泥的水热炭化以脱羧为主,而印染污泥则以脱水为主。随着水热温度升高,两种生物炭中碳元素含量、炭产率和碳回收率均下降,但市政污泥生物炭中稳定碳的含量及其产率增加,稳定性提高,而印染污泥则呈现相反的变化趋势。这一结果指出,市政污泥生物炭的碳固定性能明显优于印染污泥,并且应进一步研究不同污泥泥质特征与炭化碳固定效果的关系。     

甘蔗渣炭对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

以甘蔗渣为原料,在真空氛围下炭化,制得甘蔗渣炭。采用SEM、FTIR、BET等方法对炭化前后的甘蔗渣进行表征,研究了甘蔗渣炭对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果。结果显示,炭化前甘蔗渣孔结构较少,结构较平整;炭化后甘蔗渣出现大量孔隙,比表面积大大增加。甘蔗渣化学结构发生了变化,产生新的官能团,吸附效果大大提高。炭化甘蔗渣吸附废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳工艺条件为:吸附温度25℃,初始废水p H=1,炭化后甘蔗渣加入量14 g/L,吸附时间120 min,转速120 r/min。在此条件下处理初始浓度50 mg/L的废水时,去除率达到94. 5%,最大吸附量4. 805 mg/g。Langmuir等温吸附模型、拟二级动力学方程能更好的反应吸附过程。     

沥青基炭膜的制备研究

以煤沥青为原料经热处理、预氧化和炭化等工艺制备了炭膜,研究了制备条件对炭膜性能的影响及其气体分离的机理。结果表明,制备炭膜的最佳条件是热处理温度３７０℃,时间１２０ｍｉｎ;预氧化温度２２０℃,时间１２０ｍｉｎ,炭化温度９００℃。炭膜的气体分离机理是努森扩散,在高压差时伴有粘性流。     

煤基多孔炭材料的制备及其处理焦化废水的研究

以无烟煤为原料制备煤基多孔炭材料。考察了炭化温度及CO2流量对炭材料性能的影响,比较了粉末状和柱状炭材料对焦化废水中COD的去除效果。实验结果表明:当炭化温度为600℃,CO2流量为0.4L/min时,多孔炭材料的比表面积最大,为838.51m2/g。粉末状多孔炭材料处理焦化废水的效果更好,COD的去除率可达到72%。     

新型膜生物法处理印染废水的研究进展

膜生物法处理废水是利用膜分离技术对废水进行处理的一种方法.系统的介绍各种新型膜生物反应器处理技术在处理印染废水方面的应用,分析了各自的特点、优势.并根据印染废水处理的研究现状进行了展望.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。