"Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition": Reply.

Replies to H. Gardner's (see record 1996-10360-001) comments on K. A. Ericsson and N. Charness's (see record 1994-43905-001) review of the structure and acquisition of expert performance. In contrast to Gardner, they attribute differences to the individuals' history of relevant activities that differentially benefit the acquisition of associated skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology: Otto Klineberg.

Presents Otto Klineberg with the Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology. Klineberg is commended for contributions to the development of international cooperation in psychology and for leadership in cross-cultural research on intelligence, intragroup relations, and mental health. He is particularly recognized for his pioneering efforts on behalf of racial equality, culminating in the 1954 Supreme Court decision to end segregation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Contributing to a field of investigation": A response to Pasley.

Responds to K. Pasley's (see record 1989-15304-001) comments on the study of parent–child relationships in stepfamilies reported by L. E. Sauer and the present author (see record 1989-15310-001). The deficit-comparison design is discussed, and methodological limitations are noted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Modern clinical neuropsychology in historical perspective": Addendum.

Expands on information presented in the award address by M. J. Meier (see record 1992-27334-001) regarding (1) the views of K. Lashley (1929) and K. Goldstein and M. Scheerer (1941), both of whom embraced regional localization of function doctrine and (2) the role of A. Smith in the establishment and early development of the International Neurological Society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contribution by a psychologist in the public interest gold medal award: Otto Klineberg.

Presents the citation and biography for Otto Klineberg, the 1985 recipient of the American Psychological Association's Contribution by a Psychologist in the Public Interest Gold Medal Award. Klineberg, one of the founders of social psychology, was honored for his contribution to the understanding of peoples and their cultures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Empathy: A neglected topic in psychological research": Reply.

Replies to K. B. Clark's (see record 1980-09677-001) article on empathy by distinguishing empathy as a state or condition from the behaviors which stem from that state. Given the prerequisites of understanding and being able to identify emotional behavior, a person with empathy then shifts his or her point of view to comprehend the feeling state of another person. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition": Comment.

Comments on K. A. Ericsson and N. Charness's (see record 1994-43905-001) review of the structure and acquisition of expert performance. Gardner disputes their suggestion that all youngsters work in a given domain in roughly the same way, with the major distinguishing variable being the amount of deliberate practice. In belittling the role of individual differences in interest, motivation, and relevant computational powers or "intelligences," they undercut the power of their case. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Drugs for treating behavior problems: How safe are they?": Comment.

Responds to J. Rubin's (see record 1990-31492-001) comments on discussions of treatments for behavior problems of children by J. M. Tuma (see record 1989-27149-001) and B. Henker and C. K. Whalen (see record 1989-26516-001). The articles were amiss in not emphasizing the potential side effects of pharmacotherapies for children, but Rubin overemphasized the dangers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Symposium: Three perspectives on Paul Dewald's The psychoanalytic process: A case illustration": Author's discussion.

Responds to the critiques by H. K. Golden (see record 1993-10605-001), J. Newirth (see record 1993-10620-001), and I. Hirsch (see record 1993-10607-001) concerning P. A. Dewald's (1972) patient analysis. Dewald confirms the influence of the analyst's theory and technique on the flow of the analysis and on the analyst's subsequent interpretation of the analysis and recognizes the multiplicity of approaches to analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Eating for optimal health: how much should we eat?": Comment.

Responds to commentaries by K. M. Vitousek and J. Gray (see record 2002-12932-011) and F. P. Manke and K. M. Vitousek (see record 2002-12932-012) on the original article (see record 2000-02781-002) that argued that because of the scarcity and unpredictability of food in nature, humans and other animals have evolved to eat to their physiological limits when food is readily available, so that excess energy can be stored in the body as a buffer against future food shortages. The current authors state that neither of the two commentaries challenged the main thesis of their article; they focused instead on its potential implications for good health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Peer influence on adolescent drug use": Comment.

Comments on K. E. Bauman and S. T. Ennett's (see record 1995-01311-001) article on peer influence on adolescent drug use, examining their arguments in light of experimental evidence of school-based drug prevention programs based on the social influence (SI) model. The argument that the peer or SI model is overrated and the implication that SI-based prevention programs are misguided are unwarranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Plaudits for "historical" articles.

Expresses appreciation for historical articles published in the American Psychologist, particularly M. Henle's (see record 1979-22519-001) article on Wolfgang K?hler in Nazi Germany. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"A bit more light on Ferenczi and Freud": Response to Tabin.

Comments on the response by J. K. Tabin (see record 1995-43797-001) to the critique by L. Aron and J. B. Frankel (see record 1994-41100-001) of her article on Freud's motivation for rethinking his seduction theory (see record 1994-05584-001). Freud's priority in citing the relationship between splitting of the ego and childhood sexual trauma and his treatment of Ferenczi are highlighted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation awards for 1985: Gold medal awards for psychological science, psychological professional, and contribution by a psychologist in the public interest; distinguished teaching in psychology award; distinguished teaching in biopsychology award; and the national psychology awards for excellence in the media.

On August 25, 1985, at the annual meeting of the APA in Los Angeles, California, the American Psychological Foundation announced the recipients of the Psychological Science Gold Medal Award, John I. and Beatrice C. Lacey; the Psychological Professional Gold Medal Award, E. Lowell Kelly; the Contribution by a Psychologist in the Public Interest Gold Medal Award, Otto Klineberg; the Distinguished Teaching in Psychology Award, Wilbert J. McKeachie; the Distinguished Teaching in Biopsychology, Frank A. Beach; and the National Psychology Awards for Excellence in the Media, (individual awards to Joel Greenberg, Warren Froelich, Sandra Scarr, Joseph Alper, Donna Jones, and Ene Riisna, and a joint award to Deanne Barkley, Philip Capice, and Norman Gimbel). Florence L. Denmark, president of the APF, made the presentations. The citations and biographies for the recipients are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Response to Flaks's "Homophobia and the psychologist's role in psychoanalytic training institutes."

Responds to D. K. Flaks's (see record 1993-23357-001) article by describing recent steps taken by the American Psychoanalytic Association to address the issue of discrimination and sexual orientation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Task specificity and language effects in verification: Comments on "Development of the concept of truth functional negation."

Uses the sentence-picture comparison procedures in K. J. Kim's (see record 1985-25108-001) experiment and Korean-speaking children's exposure to the English language to explain Kim's findings that true negatives are more difficult than false negatives for both English- and Korean-speaking children but that Korean-speaking children perform extremely poorly on true negative statements. The discrepancy between these findings and the present author's (see record 1984-14618-001) finding that verifying true negatives over false negatives is greater among Korean- than English-speaking children is considered. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to "Commentary on the special section".

Replies to comments by K. Marshall, S. A. Mitchell, and C. Spezzano (see records 83-14401, 83-14402, and 83-14404, respectively) on the Special Section of Psychoanalytic Psychology, Vol 12(1), on "Contemporary structural psychoanalysis and relational psychoanalysis" and on the article by F. Busch (see record 1995-34118-001). The author expresses concern that most of the commentary failed to see his attempt to open a dialog between the respective adherents of structural and relational psychoanalysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Five decades of public controversy over mental testing": Reply.

With regard to his analysis of public controversy over mental testing (see record 1976-03506-001), L. J. Cronbach comments on the negative responses of E. Zigler (1975), K. Kaye (1975), and R. Rosenthal (1975). The author ascertains that his topic was the process of controversy, and that perhaps he should not have included his own position. Other topics include clarification of the author's views on compensatory education and Herrnstein's syllogism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comment on Simonton's "Cross-sectional time-series experiments: Some suggested statistical analyses."

Suggests that the equation on which multiple time-series analysis is based is applicable to more than experimental and control groups that are identical prior to intervention as D. K. Simonton indicated (see record 1978-00178-001). The present article suggests that the equation is also applicable to cases in which comparable though not identical groups are investigated and in which nonequivalent groups are analyzed. (1 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"The unconscious" and unconscious processes.

In response to K. S. Bowers's (see record 1988-16849-001) discussion of the unconscious, the present author addresses the issue of defining the unconscious and the distinction between 1st- and 2nd-order consciousness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)