絮凝强化铁炭微电解预处理酯化废水的研究

研究了单一铁炭微电解预处理酯化废水的效果,通过正交和单因素试验考察了p H、水力停留时间、填料量和曝气时间等因素对处理效果的影响,并确定最佳反应条件,在此基础上进一步考察絮凝对COD去除效果的影响。结果显示:进水p H对处理效果影响最大,加碱絮凝适合处理酯化废水,在p H=2、HRT=2 h、填料量30%、曝气时间5 min、加碱(p H介于8.5~9.5)絮凝沉淀2 h的条件下,处理效果最佳,COD去除率达到30%以上。     

UASB反应器处理活性黑KN-B废水的研究

采用UASB反应器处理活性黑KN—B废水,研究了水力停留时间（HRT）、碳源组成及浓度等因素对废水处理效果的影响,考察了反应器对该废水可生化性降解的作用。试验结果表明：反应器的最佳HRT为24h,当HRT小于24h时．废水的COD去除率显著降低,而BOD,的去除率不受影响,稳定在90％。在不同葡萄糖和蛋白胨的碳源组合下．碳源含量高于2000mg／L时,废水处理效果差别不大;而碳源含量过低,低于2000mg／L时,COD去除率将明显下降,不利于对废水的处理：而BOD;的去除率受进水碳源组成的影响较小。在试验的各种条件下,UASB反应器的活性污泥都能够有效处理500mg／L的高浓度活性黑KN—B废水,去除率稳定在90％以上。     

生物膜法厌氧-好氧处理腈纶废水的中试研究

采用生物膜法厌氧-好氧处理腈纶废水,试验研究了不同工况条件下,工艺对腈纶废水的处理效果。试验结果表明,当厌氧水力停留时间(HRT)控制在30 h时,COD与BOD5的去除率分别为23.22%、37.57%,BOD5/COD降低17.96%。当好氧的HRT控制在24 h、气水体积比为40:1时,COD去除率58.92%。当工艺总HRT控制在54 h时,COD去除率达60%以上,BOD5去除率达95%以上,特征污染物二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)和丙烯腈(AN)的去除率接近100%,系统运行稳定可靠。针对此腈纶废水建议厌氧HRT控制在30 h,好氧HRT控制在24 h,气水体积比控制在40:1。     

微电解-Fenton氧化法预处理新诺明合成废水

采用微电解-Fenton氧化法对新诺明合成废水进行预处理试验研究。通过正交及单因素试验确定微电解法的最佳工艺条件为:Fe、C质量比3∶1、Fe的投加量120 g/L、初始反应p H在3.0、反应时间3 h,废水COD为32 100 mg/L左右时,经预处理后COD去除率达27%以上;联合Fenton氧化法确定最佳反应条件为:H2O2投加量4 m L/L、反应时间60 min,处理后出水总COD去除率达到55%以上,B/C由0.12提高至0.30。该废水经预处理后可生化性明显提高,为后续生化处理创造了条件。     

HRT对内循环厌氧反应器处理啤酒废水的影响

考察了内循环厌氧反应器(IC)对啤酒废水的厌氧处理效果,并研究在不同水力停留时间(HRT=7 h、6 h、5 h、4 h、3 h)下IC系统对啤酒废水的处理状况和厌氧发酵产氢状况。结果表明,在控制进水啤酒废水的COD为2 000～2 500 mg/L,温度为35±l℃,在不同系统HRT运行下,系统内的发酵类型维持为稳定的乙醇型发酵类型,系统内部p H基本稳定在3.87左右,氧化还原电位(ORP)基本稳定在-324～-394 mV。在HRT为5 h时,系统对啤酒废水的处理效果达到最佳,此时系统的最大产气速率为7.1 L/d,最大氢气含量为57.14%,COD去除率最大为35.49%,系统酸化度为62.37%。     

两种不同填料曝气生物滤池处理CMC废水对比试验研究

以高含盐量的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)生产废水为处理对象,以大孔载体(FPUFS)为填料投加工程菌BP35构成的固定化曝气生物滤池(IBAF)为反应器,研究水力停留时间(HRT)、p H值、含盐量对反应系统性能的影响,与以陶粒为填料投加活性污泥构成的普通曝气生物滤池(TA)进行了运行效果比较,最终确定IBAF反应器的最佳运行条件。结果表明,IBAF系统处理效果优于TA系统,在进水含盐质量浓度为16~20g/L、p H值为7.0~8.5、HRT为40h、CODCr容积负荷为5.03~6.55kg/(m3·d)时,CODCr的平均去除率达到90.9%以上。     

利用ORP和pH控制双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺污水处理过程

研究了混合液在不同p H时双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺处理模拟生活污水的脱氮除磷效果,并探讨了各p H下,氧化还原电位(ORP)与p H、NO-3-N、NO-2-N、NH+4-N、COD的相关性。结果表明,当进水COD为300 mg/L左右、TN为37 mg/L左右、TP为5 mg/L左右,HRT为12 h,污泥质量浓度维持在2 600 mg/L左右,污泥龄为12 d,水温在24~27℃,混合液p H为7.6~8.0时,COD的去除率达99%,NH+4-N去除率达95%,TP去除率为96%,TN去除率达到81%,系统处理效果最佳。对数据进行分析发现,ORP与p H的对数呈线性关系,相关方程为ORP=987.05-438.72 ln p H(R2=0.963 2)。用SPSS数据分析软件对数据进行进一步分析发现,在不同p H下,ORP值受系统中多种物料的共同影响,其与NH+4-N去除量、出水NO-3-N、TN去除量正相关,与COD去除量负相关。     

分段进水一体化工艺除磷影响因素研究

采用分段式进水一体化工艺处理校园生活污水,考察了不同影响因素对除磷效率的影响。试验结果表明:在厌氧区和缺氧区进水流量比为3∶1时,总磷去除率最高,平均去除率达到了93%以上;在好氧区DO的质量浓度约为2.0 mg/L时,总磷去除率最高,平均去除率达到了91%以上;在HRT为8 h时,总磷去除率最高,平均去除率达到了93%左右;正交试验结果表明影响TP去除率的因素优先顺序为DO、进水流量比、 HRT,最佳组合工艺参数为厌氧区和缺氧区进水流量比为3∶1, DO的质量浓度为2.0 mg/L, HRT为8 h。     

印染废水铝炭微电解连续处理工艺研究

以咸阳某厂实际印染废水的COD、氨氮及色度为控制指标,以铝炭微电解连续处理系统对该废水(COD=1100~1400 mg/L,p H=12.0~12.5)展开了处理研究。研究结果表明:(1)在处理p H为12,处理时间9 h时,对该废水的COD、氨氮及色度去除率分别达到55.6%,71.1%,68.0%;(2)15天连续运行的结果表明,铝炭微电解连续处理系统(处理时间9 h)在不需对废水进行p H调节的情况下COD、氨氮及色度去除率分别稳定在50%,60%,70%以上。     

Fe/C微电解联合Fenton法处理综合电镀废水

针对中小型的电镀厂产生的综合电镀废水,采用Fe/C微电解联合Fenton方法进行试验研究。试验结果表明,Fe/C微电解最佳工艺条件为:p H=3,Fe/C质量的投加比2∶1,反应时间60 min,汽水比20∶1;Fenton氧化的最佳工艺条件为:p H=4.0,反应时间60 min,H2O2投加量10%,然后投加Na OH调节PH=10.0左右共沉淀。COD去除率达95%,出水重金属离子低于电镀废水处理排放标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。