新型膜生物反应器及膜污染的研究进展

膜生物反应器技术是近年新发展起来的污水处理技术.作者介绍了几种新型膜生物反应器(生物膜-膜生物反应器、动态膜-生物反应器、气升循环膜生物反应器、PAC-膜生物反应器)的发展状况,并对膜生物反应器的膜污染机理及其控制方法进行了探讨,对今后膜生物反应器的研究和发展进行了展望.     

膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用研究

本文介绍了膜生物反应器的原理、分类和特点,阐述了膜生物反应器在国内外的研究应用情况,对膜生物反应器应用存在的问题也作了简要的分析,最后,对膜生物反应器作了一个简单的展望。     

人工神经网络在膜生物反应器膜污染预测中的应用前景

近年来,膜污染逐渐成为膜生物反应器研究的热点问题,并面临着突破性进展.人工神经网络为膜生物反应器膜污染预测的研究提供了新的思路,是膜生物反应器优化控制的有效工具.作者对人工神经网络在膜污染中的应用进行了较为全面的综述,并指出了其在膜生物反应器膜污染研究中的应用前景.     

厌氧膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展

综述了厌氧膜生物反应器中的微生物种群与分布特点、厌氧膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用情况,讨论了影响厌氧膜生物反应器性能的主要参数、膜的污染预防与控制等,最后探讨和展望了厌氧膜生物反应器的应用前景,并指出了该领域今后的研究方向。     

膜生物反应器膜污染的研究进展

从膜的结构性质、反应器操作条件、处理液微生物性质三个方面介绍了膜生物反应器膜污染机理研究的进展,总结了优化膜生物反应器设计、调节膜生物反应器操作条件、在线超声控制、化学方法等膜污染控制的常用方法,对未来膜污染研究进行了展望。     

膜生物反应器处理轻工废水研究进展

阐述了膜生物反应器的工艺特点和国内外研究状况,介绍了近几年国内外利用膜生物反应器处理轻工业废水的应用实例。在此基础上分析了膜生物反应器存在的问题,并对膜生物反应器应用于轻工业废水处理进行了展望。     

膜生物反应器处理食品工业废水的研究进展

阐述了膜生物反应器的工艺特点和国内外研究状况,介绍了近几年来国内外利用膜生物反应器处理食品工业废水的应用实例。在此基础上分析膜生物反应器存在的问题,对膜生物反应器应用于食品工业废水处理的前景进行了展望。     

新型膜生物反应器处理印染废水研究进展

印染废水含有多种染料、浆料、表面活性剂等复杂化学物质,属难处理的工业废水之一,新型膜生物反应器法是一种处理印染废水的重要方法。膜生物反应器法是将传统的生物处理印染废水技术和膜分离技术相结合,从而更加高效彻底的去除废水中的污染物。而新型膜生物反应器则是根据膜生物反应器的不足对其进行改进。主要介绍海藻式膜生物反应器、生物铁式膜生物反应器填料式、填料式膜生物反应器等的研究现状及进展,并对今后的发展方向提出了建议。     

膜生物反应器的研究

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种膜分离单元与生物处理单元相结合的新型水处理技术。本文对膜生物反应器的原理、优点及存在的问题,研究现状及研究方向进行了综述,并建议研究方向重点为膜的开发,膜污染的控制,膜生物反应器的微生物群落及其生物动力学特性等。     

膜生物反应器在环境工程中的应用前景及研究发展方向

膜生物反应器作为膜技术和污水生物处理技术有机结合产生的废水处理新工艺,具有良好的发展前景。文章介绍了膜生物反应器的典型工艺及组成,简述了其优点及与其它处理工艺之间的区别,分析了目前限制膜生物反应器应用的几个瓶颈问题,讨论了膜生物反应器在废水处理运行中膜污染的机理与防治措施,指出通过开展污染机理和新型膜材料的研究是解决膜生物反应器大规模应用的关键,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。