LY12硬铝合金高速切削加工残余应力的研究

对LY12硬铝合金在高速切削加工过程中出现的高度非线性问题,采用有限元软件心US对切削过程进行仿真,得到了高速切削加工过程中的残余应力分布。讨论了高速切削加工过程中影响残余应力分布的几个关键因素：切削速度、背吃刀量、刀尖圆角半径,从而为以后获得基于残余应力的刀具参数优化方案提供了依据。     

金属切削加工过程的数值模拟

运用商业非线性有限元软件MSC.MARC,对金属切削加工过程进行了弹塑性热力耦合模拟,分析了不同刀具几何参数及切削用量在切削加工过程中对切削力、应力分布、工件残余应力及残余变形的影响.     

切削参数与刀具几何形状对Inconel 718加工残余应力的影响

对Inconel 718高速切削加工过程中合金加工表面的残余应力进行研究,为优化材料切削参数提供参考。由试验结果可知,最大切削速度、最小进给量、中等切削深度和使用珩磨切削刃可以确保减少加工表面的残余应力,相应的表面也没有划痕区和粘附的碎屑。     

铝合金7475已加工表面残余应力的数值模拟

为了揭示铝合金材料已加工表面残余应力的分布规律,建立了三维有限元模型对铝合金材料7475的切削加工过程进行了数值模拟,获得了铝合金材料7475已加工残余应力的分布规律,同时也研究了不同切削深度对已加工表面残余应力的影响规律。模拟结果表明：已加工表面层残余应力为拉应力,沿深度方向由拉应力逐渐过渡到压应力;而切削深度对铝合金7475已加工表面残余应力的影响较小。     

金属正交切削加工过程的有限元分析

运用大型通用有限元程序对金属正交切削加工过程进行非线性弹塑性有限元模拟分析，得到不同刀具前角在加工过程中对切屑形状、应力分布、应变分布、残余应力及残余变形的影响，得出刀具前角值与剪切角的关系。计算验证了一些实验结果，结论可供工程应用参考。     

刀具几何参数对切削加工过程的影响

运用商业非线性有限元软件MARC,对金属切削加工过程进行了弹塑性热力耦合模拟,分析了不同刀具前角、切削刃钝圆半径在切削加工过程中对切削力、切削温度、工件残余应力及残余变形量的影响。     

加工表面残余应力的有限元—应力松弛联合建模及预测分析

针对切削加工表面残余应力有限元模型预测效率低、解析预测模型互换性不强的问题,提出切削有限元模型和应力松弛解析模型的联合建模预测。基于有限元仿真模拟切削加工过程获取已加工表面的应力、应变及温度等基础物理变量,通过应力松弛解析模型计算残余应力,通过H13热作模具钢直角切削实验和有限元仿真验证预测模型,基于联合模型分析了不同刀具几何参数对残余应力分布的影响规律和显著性。结果表明,该模型能高效、低成本、高精度地预测沿工件表面深度的残余应力分布。本研究对促进残余应力预测方法的发展有一定的参考价值。     

铝合金7050-T7451直角切削表面的残余应力研究

采用单因素直角切削试验,对硬质合金刀具切削铝合金7050-T7451加工过程中形成的已加工表面残余应力进行了研究。使用X射线衍射应力测试技术对残余应力进行测量,得到了不同切削参数对应的残余应力值。通过考虑刃口半径的存在,阐述了已加工表面残余拉应力和压应力的产生机理,同时分析了切削速度、切削深度等参数对残余应力值的影响规律。     

弱刚度结构件切削加工残余应力的研究

弱刚度结构件具有刚度差和材料去除量大等特点,加工过程中产生的残余应力容易导致其加工变形,尤其对于精度要求高且厚度不均匀的弱刚度结构件,更有必要研究切削加工残余应力的影响因素,从而为控制弱刚度结构件的加工变形提供基础。根据正交切削理论和热弹塑性有限元理论建立了切削加工的三维有限元模型,对材料为40CrNiMo的变厚度弱刚度结构件进行了切削加工模拟,对切削过程中的残余应力进行了有限元计算。通过对比不同切削参数情况下残余应力的分布,得到了残余应力随切削参数的变化规律;将变厚度弱刚度结构件的加工分为二次等厚度的切削加工,通过与一次加工得到的残余应力进行对比,得到了2种不同加工工序对变厚度弱刚度结构件的残余应力影响规律。     

高速铣削加工汽车覆盖件模具表面残余应力研究

汽车覆盖件模具的高速加工具有特征型面形状复杂、材料硬度大、结构尺寸大、表面精度要求高等特点,在高速切削加工过程中,属于难加工产品。一些学者对其高速铣削加工进行了研究,但对其表面残余应力的研究较少。残余应力的存在促使疲劳裂纹的形成与扩展、促进腐蚀、促进模具的关键型面变形,因此汽车覆盖件尺寸的稳定性和加工质量与其密切相关。本文在数值模拟思想的指导下,利用有限元解法,研究了高速铣削加工表面的残余应力对加工变形的影响,给出了预测残余应力数值的解析模型。     

有限元分析方法在金属高速加工中的应用

阐述了高速切削加工技术的优势与发展瓶颈,简述了有限元分析方法在机械工程上的应用,总结分析了有限元分析方法在切削过程、切削加工表面残余应力计算、切削热和切削温度以及切屑形成机理等高速切削加工方面的建模和模拟等方面所取得的研究成果及不足,展望了高速切削加工技术的研究方向.     

车轴加工基准定位对轴表面残余应力的影响分析

加工基准对车轴表面加工质量有一定影响,为了定量分析由于偏心切削造成的影响程度,从理论上对加工基准误差与加工后车轴表面残余应力的相对关系进行了分析,针对偏心切削对表面残余应力的影响规律进行了研究。设计了在不同偏心量下的切削加工试验,对切削后试件轴表面残余应力进行了测量,试验结果表明,偏心切削对表面残余应力存在一定影响,但是影响程度不是很大。     

An approach for analyzing and controlling residual stress generation during high-speed circular milling

In the rapid development of the modern high-speed milling industry, particularly in the aerospace field, machined residual stress is an important evaluation indicator of the quality, and whether it can be controlled or not is critical. In this article, experimental data of residual stress in feed direction and vertical feed direction validated with finite element (FE) simulation, which resulted in the finding that residual stress distribution is nonuniform in varied machined circular areas. The maximum residual tensile stress in different directions changes with coordinates. It is well known that uncut chip thickness (UCT) will influence the cutting force and temperature, but the relation between UCT and residual stress is still difficult to understand and explicate. Traditional measurement of residual stresses in the feed and vertical feed direction is difficult to explain. Based on the UCT model which is a function of feed rate and tool diameter, by measuring residual tangential and radial stress, it is observed that residual tangential stress is influenced by the UCT. Moreover, residual radial stress, under high feed rate, is distributed with wave change, and residual radial stress under smaller feed rate is still affected by the UCT. These results indicate that it is possible to optimize the residual stress distribution by controlling UCT (feed rate and tool diameter) with high-speed milling.     

Design and simulation of thermal residual stresses of coatings on WC-Co cemented carbide cutting tool substrate

Large thermal residual stresses in coatings during the coating deposition process may easily lead to coating delamination of coated carbide tools in machining. In order to reduce the possibility of coating delamination during the tool failure process, a theoretical method was proposed and a numerical method was constructed for the coating design of WC-Co cemented carbide cutting tools. The thermal residual stresses of multi-layered coatings were analytically modeled based on equivalent parameters of coating properties, and the stress distribution of coatings are simulated by Finite element method (FEM). The theoretically calculated results and the FEM simulated results were verified and in good agreement with the experimental test results. The effects of coating thickness, tool substrate, coating type and interlayer were investigated by the proposed geometric and FEM model. Based on the evaluations of matchability of tool substrate and tool coatings, the basic principles of tool coating design were proposed. This provides theoretical basis for the selection and design of coatings of cutting tools in high-speed machining.

     

预应力切削镍基高温合金的试验研究

针对镍基高温合金在切削后加工表面分布严重的残余拉应力等问题,提出采用预应力切削方法,以实现在加工过程中主动控制加工表面残余应力分布状态;通过研制轴类零件的车床专用预拉伸装置,在0 MPa、150 MPa和300 MPa三种预应力条件下对高温合金轴件进行预拉伸处理;通过硬质合金刀具预应力切削镍基高温合金的对比试验,对三种预应力条件下的切削力、切屑形态以及表面完整性包括已加工表面残余应力、加工表面粗糙度、表面形貌和显微硬度等指标进行对比。结果表明：在一定范围内,采用预应力切削方法可省去加工后续的残余应力调整工序,并能在加工表面获得合适的残余压应力;残余压应力的值可通过调整施加的预应力大小来进行主动控制;与普通切削相比,预应力切削可得到均匀的锯齿形切屑,切削力没有显著增加;预应力切削可获得良好的表面完整性,且不会引来额外的加工硬化。     

预应力切削钛合金的有限元分析

为揭示预应力切削对钛合金Ti6Al4V加工表面残余应力的调整机理,探讨切削时锯齿形切屑的形成过程,基于预应力切削原理建立了钛合金的预应力切削有限元模型,模拟了0、280 MPa和560 MPa这3种预应力下的锯齿形切屑形成过程以及已加工表面的残余应力分布。结果表明:采用预应力切削方法可以调整钛合金已加工表面的残余应力状态;预应力对锯齿形切屑的形成过程和切屑特征无明显影响;在材料弹性极限内施加越大的预应力,表面层残余压应力效果越显著,次表层最大残余压应力值越高,残余压应力层分布也越深。     

高速铣削 Inconel718已加工表面残余应力的有限元分析

利用有限元法对镍基高温合金Inconel 718的高速正交铣削进行模拟仿真,获得切削力、切削温度和残余应力.结果表明在仿真切削速度100-3000m/min范围内,刀尖峰值温度随切削速度提高而增大,由于高温造成工件软化,从而使切削力随切削速度增大而减小;残余应力层深度在已加工表面O.5mm以下,最大表面残余应力为拉应力...     

数控车削刀具圆弧半径对切削过程影响的数值分析

数控车削加工中刀具的圆弧半径对切削力,切屑的断屑,切屑的形状,加工表面质量、加工变形以及已切削表面的残余应力的大小,状态,分布有着很大的影响.本文采用有限元分析方法,利用有限元增量理论,建立了二维金属切削仿真模型,分析中采用网格自适应准则,模拟了典型零件车削二维切削过程中切屑的形成,得到了加工后已加工表面的残余应力的大小,状态以及分布状况,对于工程中的实际应用具有重要的意义.     

The formation mechanism and the influence factor of residual stress in machining

Residual stresses generated in cutting process have important influences on workpiece performance. The paper presents a method of theoretical analysis in order to explicate the formation mechanism of residual stresses in cutting. An important conclusion is drawn that the accumulated plastic strain is the main factor which determines the nature and the magnitude of surface residual stresses in the workpiece. On the basis of the analytical model for residual stress, a series of simulations for residual stress prediction during cutting AISI 1045 steel are implemented in order to obtain the influences of cutting speed, depth of cut and tool edge radius on surface residual stress in the workpiece. And these influences are explained from the perspective of formation mechanism of residual stress in cutting. The conclusions have good applicability and can be used to guide the parameters selection in actual production.