Effects of holding temperature and time on semi-solid isothermal heat-treated microstructure of ZA84 magnesium alloy

The feasibility of fabricating ZA84 magnesium alloy with non-dendritic microstructure by a semi-solid isothermal heat treatment process and the effects of holding temperature and time on the semi-solid isothermal heat-treated microstructure of the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that it is possible to produce ZA84 alloy with non-dendritic microstructure by suitable semi-solid isothermal heat treatment. After being treated at 560-575℃ for 120min, ZA84 magnesium alloy can obtain a non-dendritic microstructure with 14.2%-25.6% liquid fraction and an average size of 56-65μm of the unmelted primary solid particles. With the increasing holding time from 30 to 120min or holding temperature from 560 to 575℃, the average size of unmelted primary solid particles decreases and globular tendency becomes more obvious. Under the experimental condition, the microstructural evolution of ZA84 alloy during semi-solid isothermal treatment is mainly composed of three stages of initial coarsening. structulseparation and spheroidization. The subsequent coarsening of spheroidal grains is not observed.     

Microstructure and Element Distribution during Partial Remelting of an Al-4Cu-Mg alloy

The effects of the isothermal temperature and holding time on the microstructure and element distribution have been investigated during partial remelting of the semisolid Al-4Cu-Mg alloy. The experimental results show that the optimal process parameter should be chosen at isothermal temperature of 540-580 °C with the holding time of less than 10 min. Coalescence and coarsening of α grains occur at low liquid fraction. At high liquid fraction, coarsening of α grains and melting of small grains were promoted by an increase of the isothermal temperature and the holding time. The coalescence of grains and Ostwald ripening are two main mechanisms of the microstructural evolution during partial remelting. Meanwhile, the higher the isothermal temperature and the longer the holding time, the more segregation of Cu at the grain boundary would be, which conform to the theory of element distribution affected by heating condition.     

热压制工艺回收AZ91D镁合金屑的半固态组织演变(英文)

以从机械加工现场直接收集的AZ91D镁合金屑料为原料,采用热压制工艺再生制备半固态加工所需的坯料,研究二次加热过程中的半固态组织演变。结果表明,半固态组织演变可分为三个阶段:Mg17Al12相的溶解和Al原子的扩散,高溶质含量区域的熔化和固相颗粒的生成,固相颗粒的球化和长大。同时,在固相颗粒内部形成大量的嵌入式液滴。这种嵌入式液滴的数量和尺寸随着保温时间的变化而变化。随着保温时间的延长,固、液两相最终达到动态平衡,固相率不再发生变化。由于界面能降低和界面张力的作用使固相颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,并且越来越圆整。     

Effect of La addition on semi-solid microstructure evolution of Mg-7Zn magnesium alloy

Semi-solid billets of Mg-7Zn and Mg-7Zn-0.3La alloys were prepared by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment. The effects of the La element on the as-cast and semi-solid microstructures of Mg-7Zn alloy were investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of isothermal temperature and holding time on the evolution of the semi-solid microstructure of Mg-7Zn-0.3La alloy were also studied. Results indicate that the addition of a small amount of La can significantly refine the as-cast and semi-solid microstructure. During the semi-solid thermal transformation, the size and shape factor of solid particles decrease at first and then increase with the increase of isothermal temperature and holding time. The semi-solid microstructure of Mg-7Zn-0.3La alloy obtained by holding at 605 °C for 30 min is the optimal. The average size of solid particles, shape factor, and solid fraction are 42 µm, 1.45 and 61.8%, respectively. At the same time, a comparative study on the coarsening process of particles in the semi-solid billets of Mg-7Zn and Mg-7Zn-0.3La alloys reveals that the addition of La effectively decreases the coarsening rate of solid particles and restricts the growth of solid particles.

     

半固态铝合金重熔组织演变的研究

通过自行研制开发的新型半固态连续机械搅拌设备,制备了半固态铝合金,并对半固态坯料在半固态温度区间重熔加热,研究不同重熔温度、时间下半固态组织的变化规律.研究表明:保温温度越高,晶粒长大和球化速度加快,保温时间越短;随着保温时间延长,晶粒逐渐长大和球化,液相份数增加.半固态铝合金Y112重熔加热适宜温度区间为565～575℃.     

Effects of semi-solid isothermal process parameters on microstructure of Mg-Gd alloy

The effects of semi-solid isothermal process parameters on the microstructure evolution of Mg-Gd rare earth alloy produced by strain-induced melt activation(SIMA)were investigated.The formation mechanism of the particles in the process of the isothermal treatment was also discussed.The results show that the microstructure of the as-cast alloy consists ofα-Mg solid solution, Mg5RE and Mg24RE5(Gd,Y,Nd)phase.After being extruded with an extrusion ratio of 14:1 at 380℃,the microstructure of Mg-Gd alloy changes from developed dendrites to near-equiaxed grains.The liquid volume fraction of the semisolid slurry gradually increases with elevating isothermal temperature or prolonging isothermal time during the partial remelting.To obtain an ideal semisolid slurry,the optimal process parameters for the Mg-Gd alloy should be 630℃for isothermal temperature and 30 min for the corresponding time,respectively,where the volume fraction of the liquid phase is 52%.     

Microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloys during isothermal heat treatment

A new Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy that exhibits a wide solidification range and sufficient fluidity for semi-solid forming was designed.And the microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy during isothermal heat treatment was investigated. The mechanism of the microstructure evolution and the processing conditions for isothermal heat treatment were also discussed.The results show that the microstructures of cast alloys consist ofα-Mg,β-Mg17Al12 and a small amount of Al-Mn compounds.After holding at 520℃ for 3 min,the phases ofβ-Mg17Al12 and eutectic mixtures in the Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy melt and the microstructures ofα-Mg change from developed dendrites to irregular solid particles.With increasing the isothermal time,the amount of liquid increases,and the solid particles grow large and become spherical.When the holding time lasts for 20 min or even longer,the solid and liquid phases achieve a state of dynamic equilibrium.     

Microstructure evolution during reheating of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy into semisolid state

The microstructure evolution of an extruded Mg-8.57Gd-3.72Y-0.54Zr (mass fraction, %, GW94) alloy during reheating into the semisolid state was investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Typical semisolid microstructure with globular solid particles distributed in the liquid matrix is obtained over 600 °C. The solid content of (Gd+Y) in the primary a-Mg particles decreases with increasing the semisolid temperature. With the prolongation of isothermal holding time, the liquid fraction does not change significantly, while the grains grow up and spheroidize. Three methods used to determine the liquid fraction as a function of temperature, namely quantitative metallography on quenched microstructures, cooling curve thermal analysis, and thermodynamic calculations were further compared.     

Semi-solid processing of hypereutectic A390 alloys using novel rheoforming process

The feasibility of semi solid processing of hypereutectic A390 alloys using a novel rheoforming process was investigated. A combination of the swirl enthalpy equilibration device (SEED) process, isothermal holding using insulation and addition of solid alloy during swirling was introduced as a novel method to improve the processability of semi solid slurry. The effects of isothermal holding and the addition of solid alloy on the temperature gradient between the centre and the wall and on the formation of α(Al) particles were examined. In additional tests, phosphorus and strontium were added to the molten metal to refine the primary and eutectic silicon structure to facilitate semi solid processing. The results show that the combination of the SEED process with two additional processing steps can produce semi-solid A390 alloys that can be rheoprocessed. The microstructure reveals an adequate amount of non-dendritic α(Al) globules surrounded by liquid, which greatly improves the processability of semi-solid slurry.     

Effect of Semi-Solid Isothermal Heat Treatment on Microstructure of ZL104 Aluminum Alloy

The feasibility of fabricating ZL104 aluminum alloy with non-dendritic microstructure by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment process and the effects of holding temperature and time on the semi-solid isothermal heat-treated microstructure of the alloy, are investigated. The research results indicate that it is possible to produce ZL104 alloy with non-dendritic microstructure by a suitable semi-solid isothermal heat treatment. After treated at 580 ℃ for 120 min, the ZL104 alloy can obtain a non-dendritic mic...     

Al-4Cu-Mg合金半固态重熔时的组织演变

文章研究了Al-4Cu-Mg合金半固态重熔过程中加热温度和保温时间对微观组织形貌和α晶粒尺寸的影响,并对组织演化机制进行了探讨。实验结果表明,当加热温度较低或保温时间较短时,晶粒尺寸小且均匀性差。由于液相分数少,α晶粒之间粘连严重。随着加热温度的升高或保温时间的延长,α晶粒发生了长大和圆整化。对于Al-4Cu-Mg合金来说,合适的半固态重熔参数为:加热温度为540℃~580℃;保温时间小于10min。在半固态重熔过程中,α晶粒的合并长大和Ostwald长大是其微观组织演化的主要机制,两种晶粒长大机制在重熔过程中所起的作用受液相体积分数的影响。     

Microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg- 14A1-0.5Mn alloys during isothermal heat treatment

A new Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy that exhibits a wide solidification range and sufficient fluidity for semi-solid forming was designed. And the rnicrostructure evolution of semi-solid Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy during isothermal heat treatment was investigated. The mechanism of the microstructure evolution and the processing conditions for isothermal heat treatment were also discussed. The results show that the microstructures of cast alloys consist of α-Mg,β-Mg17Al12 and a small amount of Al-Mn compounds. After holding at 520 ℃ for 3 min, the phases of β-Mg17Al12 and eutectic mixtures in the Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy melt and the microstructures of α-Mg change from developed dendrites to irregular solid particles. With increasing the isothermal time, the amount of liquid increases, and the solid particles grow large and become spherical. When the holding time lasts for 20 min or even longer, the solid and liquid phases achieve a state of dynamic equilibrium.     

Microstructural evolution and tensile mechanical properties of thixoformed AZ91D magnesium alloy with the addition of yttrium

The microstructure evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy in the semi-solid state has been proposed or reported in previous literature. However, no detailed investigation has been conducted regarding the relationship between the microstructure and tensile mechanical properties of the thixoformed AZ91D magnesium alloy. In this paper, the microstructure of AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium was produced by the semi-solid thermal transformation (SSTT) route and the strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) route, respectively. Isothermal holding experiments investigated grain coarsening and the degree of spheroidization as a function of holding time in the semi-solid state. The SSTT route and the SIMA route were used to obtain the semi-solid feedstock for thixoforming. The results show that solid particles of the SSTT alloy are spheroidized to some extent but the previous irregular shape is still obvious in some of them. While the SIMA alloy exhibits ideal, fine microstructure, in which completely spheroidized solid particles contain little entrapped liquid. The microstructure of the SSTT alloy is less spheroidized compared with the SIMA alloy under the similar isothermal holding condition. As the holding time increases, the mean solid particle size of the SSTT alloy decreases initially, then increases, while the mean solid particle size of the SIMA alloy increases monotonously at 560 °C. Compared with the SSTT alloy, the SIMA alloy obtains finer grains under the similar isothermal holding condition. The mechanical properties of the thixoformed AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium produced by the SIMA route are better than those of the thixoformed alloy produced by the SSTT route. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation for the thixoformed alloy produced by the SIMA route are 303.1 MPa, 147.6 MPa and 13.27%, respectively. The tensile properties for the AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium thixoformed from starting material produced by the SIMA route are better than those of the AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium thixoformed from starting material produced by the SSTT route.     

AZ61合金半固态二次加热工艺及组织演变

研究了应力诱发熔体激活法(SIMA)制备的AZ61镁合金半固态坯料在二次加热时加热温度和保温时间对其组织的影响,研究表明,二次加热初期半固态组织首先熔合合并,随着保温时间延长,晶粒逐渐长大和球化,液相份数增加;保温温度越高,晶粒长大和球化速度加快。在592℃加热、保温20min~40min,可以获得均匀、圆整的半固态组织,晶粒大小为80μm~90μm,液相率为40%~42%。高于597℃时,试样重熔过程中易发生严重变形。     

等温热处理对Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr合金半固态组织的影响

选择稍高于共晶反应温度作为等温热处理温度,对铸态Mg-15Gd-2Zn-0.6Zr合金进行等温热处理,获得了半固态球化组织。研究了热处理温度和保温时间对半固态组织的影响,探讨了半固态组织演变机制及适用于低温等温热处理的半固态Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr合金成分设计。结果表明,液相组织具有低的温度敏感性,其组织演变主要机制为α-Mg表面熔化和α-Mg动态再析出,而固相颗粒球化机制为:α-Mg树枝晶→枝晶臂粗化→枝晶臂合并、不规则多边形化→球化。     

原位内生TiB_2/Al-4Cu复合材料半固态二次加热组织演化

对原位内生TiB2/Al-4Cu复合材料半固态坯料进行二次加热,利用光学显微镜,图像分析仪等手段,对坯料二次加热微观组织的演化进行了研究。结果表明,随着加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,液相分数增加,α(Al)晶粒发生了长大和圆整化。TiB2/Al-4Cu复合材料合适的半固态重熔参数为:加热温度570～600℃,保温时间小于10min。组织演化机制分析表明,二次加热初期,液相少,晶粒主要通过快速合并长大。随着加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,液相增加,晶粒主要通过原子扩散缓慢长大并发生球化。     

等温处理对挤压态AZ80A镁合金半固态组织的影响

采用应变诱发熔化激活法(SIMA)工艺制备了AZ80A镁合金半固态坯料,研究了保温温度和保温时间对半固态组织的影响。结果表明:随着保温温度的升高和保温时间的增加,AZ80A镁合金的平均晶粒尺寸与液相率都呈上升趋势,形状因子呈先增大后减小的趋势。半固态组织由α-Mg晶粒、Al、Zn元素富集形成的晶界处液相和晶内“小液池”组成,其组织演变分为初始晶粒合并长大,晶粒球化、彼此分离,最终合并粗化3个阶段。采用该种方法制备AZ80A镁合金半固态坯料时合适的保温温度为550 ℃、保温时间为45 min,此时半固态组织的平均晶粒尺寸、形状因子和液相率分别为89 μm、0.795和26.7%。     

挤压铸造制备半固态AZ61镁合金的组织演变及力学性能(英文)

采用挤压铸造后直接二次重熔的方法制备半固态AZ61镁合金。首先通过挤压铸造预成形铸态AZ61镁合金,以获得细小的枝晶;然后在半固态区间进行二次重熔,细小的枝晶演变成球状晶,完全球化的晶粒被液相均匀包裹。研究结果表明:通过挤压铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金与传统铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金相比,在相同的二次重熔条件下,挤压铸造预成形的铸态AZ61镁合金获得更细小的半固态组织。此外,挤压铸造加上二次重熔触变成形的AZ61镁合金,力学性能优于传统铸造后二次重熔触变成形的AZ61镁合金。     

添加0.5%富铈混合稀土AZ91D镁合金半固态组织的形成

半固态浆料的固相颗粒尺寸、形态和分布主要取决于熔化过程中液相的形成与演化过程。采用添加0.5%富铈混合稀土来改善AZ91D镁合金的铸态组织,研究在半固态等温热处理中的组织演变以及非枝晶组织制备与控制的机理。结果表明:稀土合金化处理可促进初生相在等温热处理过程中由枝晶向粒状晶的转变,可获得更加细小、均匀的球状固相颗粒,并且其粗化速度较慢。半固态等温热处理过程中,整个系统处于熔化和结晶的动态平衡,铸态组织中枝晶根部高溶质浓度区或系统的温度、浓度起伏是固相颗粒内液相形成的内在和外在条件。