粒子群与改进的鲍威尔算法相结合的多分辨率三维医学图像配准

为克服传统基于互信息的多模医学图像配准算法容易陷入局部最优的问题,提出了一种改进的多分辨率三维医学图像配准算法.该算法通过高斯滤波将三维医学图像进行多尺度化,形成多分辨率图像金字塔,以Mattes互信息作为配准框架的相似性测度.在图像金字塔的低分辨率层使用粒子群优化算法进行全局变换参数的搜索,然后以全局变换参数作为高分辨率层配准的初始参数,并以鲍威尔优化算法进行优化,完成最终的三维医学图像配准.实验结果表明,改进的算法不仅使待配准两幅图像空间位置对齐,而且较传统互信息算法提高了配准精度,鲁棒性更强,有效地解决了基于互信息的配准算法陷入局部最优的可能.     

遗传算法对Powell图像配准方法的改进

针对Powell算法在搜索过程中具有初始值依赖和容易陷入局部极值的问题,提出了使用遗传算法改进Powell算法在图像配准中的应用。利用图像的归一化互信息作为遗传算法的适应度,全局、并行搜索图像配准参数作为Powell算法的初始值,再使用Powell算法局部逼近近似最优解。实验结果证明,改进后的Powell算法能有效地减少图像配准的时间,提高配准的精度,精度能达到亚像素级。     

基于归一化互信息与模糊自适应PSO的图像自动配准方法

提出了一种基于归一化互信息相似性判据,并采用模糊自适应粒子群优化算(particle swam optimization,PSO)作为搜索策略的图像自动配准方法.由于互信息方法不能解决图像缩放的问题,该方法在计算图像互信息之前,先对图像进行尺寸相同化操作;同时针对互信息方法中目标函数易陷入局部极值及搜索速度慢的问题,该方法采用归一化互信息作为相似性准则,并提出以模糊自适应PSO算法作为优化策略来提高配准速度和精度的方法.实验表明,采用归一化互信息作为配准测度,可提高配准的鲁棒性,而且,引入了模糊推理机之后,配准效率得到大幅提高,用该方法对具有仿射变换的图像进行配准能得到快速、精确的配准结果,证明了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

改进收敛条件的动态调整惯性权重PSO算法

在医学图像配准中需要解决互信息图像配准过程中局部极值问题,引入了一种动态调整惯性权的自适应粒子群算法;验证了其中两个重要参数的取值,并均匀赋值粒子初始位置,避免随机产生的初始位置集中在某一区域而使寻优陷入局部极值,同时加入进化速度因子作为搜索中止条件,加快了搜索速度。实验表明,该算法既能找到全局最优又能快速收敛。     

基于改进FCM聚类医学图像配准

ICP和互信息广泛应用于医学图像配准,但存在以下问题：其计算量非常大,耗时长;受初始旋转和平移参数影响较大,图像配准容易造成目标函数陷入局部最优值。该方法通过计算参考图像和浮动图像的质心,获得配准平移初始值;对医学图像坐标进行中心化处理,通过改进的FCM聚类方法把图像坐标聚成2类;把这2个聚类中心拟合成一条直线,可以算出该直线的斜率,得出其倾斜角,从而获得配准旋转初始值。实验结果表明,该方法既可用于单模态图像配准,也可以用于多模态配准。还具有运算量少、图像配准速度较快、计算比较简单、精确度较高等特点,并且解决了图像配准容易陷入局部最优的问题。     

医学图像配准的混合量子粒子群优化算法研究

基于互信息的配准方法具有精度高、鲁棒性强等特点,但互信息的配准函数存在局部极值,给配准的过程带来了很大的困难。针对此问题提出了以归一化互信息作为相似性测度,将具有较强全局搜索能力的量子粒子群优化（QPSO）算法用于求解低精度的配准参数,再利用具有较强局部搜索能力的Powell法获得高精度配准参数的方法,应用到医学图像的配准中。实验结果表明,提出的混合算法能够有效地克服互信息函数存在的局部极值和Powell方法存在的初始点依赖问题,提高了配准的成功率,具有较高的配准精度和较快的速度。     

基于FCN和互信息的医学图像配准技术研究

针对传统配准方法在进行三维多模态图像配准时存在收敛速度较慢、容易陷入极值等问题,提出一种基于全卷积神经网络（Fully Convolutional Networks,FCN）和互信息的配准方法。利用FCN模型提取二维图像深层特征并进行粗配准;将得到的配准结果作为互信息算法的初始搜索点,从而使搜索范围缩小至全局最优解附近;利用互信息算法对参数进一步微调优化,得到最优三维配准结果。实验结果表明,在进行CT-MR图像配准时,所提方法不仅可以大幅度提升配准速度,还能有效避免局部收敛的情况,具有更高的准确性。     

互信息医学图像配准中PV插值算法的改进

基于互信息的医学图像配准算法中,传统的部分体积插值法（PV）使互信息函数在像素整数倍位移处产生局部极值,使优化算法陷于局部最优解,从而导致错误配准。提出用Blackman-Harris窗sinc函数作为核函数,对传统PV插值法进行改进,同时将参与插值的邻域点从4个增加到16个,有效消除了局部极值,得到了光滑的互信息函数曲线。具体配准实验证明,该方法可行,且有更高的鲁棒性。     

基于活动轮廓模型的脑部医学图像弹性配准

针对传统互信息弹性配准方法在医学图像应用上计算量大、处理速度慢的问题提出了一种基于活动轮廓模型(CVL-BFGS)医学图像配准方法。该算法结合了图像局部轮廓信息和全局变化信息,通过提取图像的边缘轮廓,可以有效地挖掘轮廓信息,并克服了弹性配准算法容易陷入局部极值问题,使图像配准的结果更加稳定。同时该算法为全局互信息配准提供一个通过局部配准得到的更优初始值,从而降低了整体配准的迭代次数,提高图像配准效率,并证明了该算法的鲁棒性和有效性。     

基于动态融合蚁群遗传算法的医学图像配准

将基于动态融合的蚁群遗传算法作为一种新的图像配准优化算法应用在多模医学图像配准中。该算法以互信息作为相似性测度,生成初始信息素分布,采用蚁群算法搜索最优变换参数,其中动态融合策略提高了混合算法的搜索效率。仿真实验结果表明,该算法有效地避免信息函数的局部极值,减少大量重复运算,提高了配准的效率,配准结果具有良好的稳定性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。