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水玻璃制备活性白炭黑 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了一种利用水玻璃和硫酸进行二步反应制备活性白炭黑的工艺。从原料的选择和溶液的配制、制备硅溶胶、二步反应、进滤、洗涤、粉碎到包装。对原料的浓度及酸酸比、反应的pH值、反应温度等进行了优化并找出了最佳参数。本工艺产品粒度小,比表面积大,活性好,无污染,适用于水玻璃及高岭土、煤矸石等为原料制备白炭黑。 相似文献
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《化学工程》2017,(11)
结晶过程是影响晶体质量的关键步骤。本实验采用溶析结晶工艺对泰乐菌素结晶过程进行研究,以收率、粒度和粒度分布为目标,考察了水和丙酮质量比、晶种加入量(质量分数)、结晶温度、初始浓度、搅拌转速、陈化时间和流加速率等操作因素对结晶过程的影响。结果表明:所有参数在考察的条件范围内都明显地影响产品的收率;除了温度和搅拌转速外,其他参数都对产品粒度有较明显的影响;对产品粒度分布影响较大的是晶种加入量,温度和搅拌强度。通过分析各种因素影响得到泰乐菌素较佳结晶工艺条件:水和丙酮质量比4∶1,晶种加入量0.5%,结晶温度40℃,初始质量分数1.08 g/g,搅拌转速250 r/min,陈化时间12 h,流加速率先0.3 m L/min,后0.89 m L/min。 相似文献
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开发了以湿法磷酸和氯化钾为原料,利用有机溶剂萃取法制备高品质磷酸二氢钾的新工艺。研究了溶配过程氯化钾的加入量对脱氟的影响和萃取时间、萃取温度、相比、氯化钾与磷酸物质的量比等对磷酸、盐酸的萃取率与硫酸根、铁离子、氟离子等杂质的脱除率的影响;以及洗涤相比对五氧化二磷洗涤率的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件。实验表明:在萃取温度为 60 ℃、萃取时间为 30 min、相比为3.0、氯化钾与磷酸物质的量比为1.0、洗涤相比为12的条件下,五氧化二磷收率可达95.98%以上,产品磷酸二氢钾纯度可达96.75%以上。 相似文献
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水热法合成羟基磷灰石 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
进行了水热法合成羟基磷灰石的实验室试验,研究了配料比、反应温度和时间的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件。化学分析和红外光谱分析结果表明合成产品以羟基磷灰石为主;经洗涤的产品可达到较高的纯度。 相似文献
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以改性褐煤-泥炭、氯化钾和膨润土为粘结剂原料,用响应曲面设计安排实验。研究结果表明,当三者加入量分别为4%、20%和2%时,型煤综合性能佳;氯化钾的增强是因为过饱和的氯化钾晶体附着在煤粒和大分子粘结剂的空隙结晶,膨润土的增强是因为膨润土质点在高温脱水后的紧密附着作用。 相似文献
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通过高温焙烧提高膨润土活性并用于对废液压油的脱色。结果表明,膨润土的最佳焙烧工艺条件为:焙烧温度450℃、焙烧时间2h。改性膨润土对废液压油吸附脱色的最佳工艺条件为∶改性膨润土添加量为15%,脱色温度为90℃,真空脱色时间为20min,在此工艺条件下,再生油脱色率达94%,对工业废液压油的脱色取得了一定效果。 相似文献
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Formation and characteristics of cationic-polymer/bentonite complexes as adsorbents for dyes 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
The adsorption of cationic polymer, i.e., epicholorohydrin-dimethylamine polyamine (EPI-DMA), on bentonite particles was investigated under various conditions of bulk polymer concentration, pH, inorganic salts, and temperature. The resulting high adsorption rate and alkaline solution (pH = 7–11) effect indicated a strong electrostatic interaction between the clay particles and EPI-DMA molecules. Addition of salt can also influence the adsorption of EPI-DMA onto bentonite by affecting the clay particle sizes, the polymer zeta potential and etc. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were employed and fit the experimental data well in the low EPI-DMA concentration range 0.5–5.0 mg L− 1. The enthalpy implied by the temperature dependence of adsorption of EPI-DMA on bentonite is 7.93 kJ mol− 1, suggesting that neither coordination exchange nor chemical bond forces exit in this system. In addition, at high temperatures, larger amounts of EPI-DMA were adsorbed by bentonite, which indicated that increased entropy in the dissolved EPI-DMA molecules contributes to adsorption. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that besides the EPI-DMA molecules intercalated between the layers of bentonite, excess polymer molecules were adsorbed onto polymer loops protruding from the surface of the complex. The TGA and corresponding DSC plots demonstrated that the EPI-DMA polymer had intercalated into the clay layers and thus the EPI-DMA/bentonite was more hydrophobic than natural bentonite. With the addition of EPI-DMA polymer, the negatively charged clay particles increased to a net positive charge and the capacity for dye removal also went up with increasing polymer contents in EPI-DMA/bentonite complexes. 相似文献
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Felycia Edi Soetaredjo Aning Ayucitra Suryadi Ismadji Anastasia Lidya Maukar 《Applied Clay Science》2011,53(2):341-346
A potential application of KOH/bentonite as a catalyst for biodiesel production was studied. A series of KOH/bentonite catalysts was prepared by impregnation of bentonite from Pacitan with potassium hydroxide. The ratios between KOH and bentonite were 1:20, 1:10, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2. The characterization of KOH/bentonite and natural bentonite was conducted by nitrogen adsorption and XRD analysis. The effects of various reaction variables on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. The highest yield of biodiesel over KOH/bentonite catalyst was 90.70 ± 2.47%. It was obtained at KOH/bentonite 1:4, reaction time of 3 h, 3% catalyst, methanol to oil ratio of 6, and the reaction temperature at 60 °C. 相似文献
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以阳离子聚合物聚环氧氯丙烷二甲胺(EPI-DMA)为纳米复合材料插层剂,对膨润土进行改性,系统考察了聚环氧氯丙烷二甲胺在膨润土纳米层间插层过程中反应体系的聚合物用量、反应时间、温度、pH值等工艺条件对插层效果的影响,并通过比表面积测定、Zeta电位测定、X射线衍射和透射电镜分析,对插层复合材料的结构和性能进行了研究,在此基础上初步探讨了其脱色性能. 结果表明,最佳制备工艺为EPI-DMA的加入浓度7.0%,反应时间2.0 h,温度75℃,体系pH值7.0. 经聚环氧氯丙烷二甲胺插层复合后的膨润土比表面积增大,表面电性由负值变为正值,层间距、层间缔合结构和聚集程度增加,对红色染料废水具有较强的脱色效果. 相似文献
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碳酸钾制硫酸钾在膨润土层间插层构型机理研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了碳酸钾在膨润土层间与硫酸反应生成硫酸钾层间结晶,实验得出其最佳工艺条件为:一次水浴温度80 ℃,搅拌速度1.5 m/s,搅拌时间30 min,矿浆浓度为20 g膨润土溶于100 mL蒸馏水中;分段水浴温度70~70 ℃,分段搅拌速度0.5~2.0 m/s.正交试验与单因素实验结果吻合,其因素影响顺序为:搅拌速度>矿浆浓度>水浴温度>搅拌时间.其最大层间结晶达到4.2 g.从SEM、EDS图片显示硫酸钾成功结晶于膨润土层空间,没出现包裹现象,使对硫酸钾的固定与缓释有更深一步的认识. 相似文献
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A 20 wt% Ni/bentonite catalyst was prepared by a solution combustion synthesis (SCS), which exhibited higher activity for the CO2 methanation than that of an impregnation method (IPM), and the catalyst prepared by SCS showed a CO2 conversion of 85% and a CH4 selectivity of 100% at 300℃, atmospheric pressure, and 3600 ml·(g cat)-1·h-1, and the catalyst exhibited stable within a 110-h reaction. The results showed higher metallic Ni dispersion, smaller Ni particle size, larger specific surface area and lower reduction temperature in the Ni/bentonite prepared by SCS than that of IPM. And the Ni/bentonite prepared by the SCS moderated the interaction between NiO and bentonite. 相似文献