可录CD无机存储介质──AgOx的研究

本文研究了AgOx薄膜的光学性能、分解过程和记录特性．研究表明，在氩气分压为0.67Pa和氧气分压为2.0Pa的条件下，反应溅射制备的AgOx薄膜是非晶态的，在400℃热处理时，完全分解为Ag;本文成功地对AgOx薄膜进行了静态写入实验，AgOx有望成为一种新的CD－R存储介质．     

Ag纳米粒子磁控溅射制备及其热稳定性研究

利用磁控溅射在玻璃衬底上制备Ag纳米粒子及其氧化物（AgOx）薄膜，通过高温退火实验，研究银及AgOx薄膜的热稳定特性。采用x射线衍射分析薄膜的晶相结构，采用UV-Vis分光光度计测定薄膜的吸收光谱。结果表明：Ag纳米薄膜在450nm附近出现特征吸收峰，200℃退火后，峰位蓝移，400℃退火后，吸收峰显著减弱，表明Ag纳米粒子在退火过程中发生了蒸发；AgOx薄膜在200℃下退火后，出现Ag纳米粒子特征吸收峰，表明AgOx的热分解，400℃退火同样导致Ag纳米粒子的蒸发。     

热处理对Ag-ZnO异质结构光催化性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯ZnO和Ag修饰ZnO复合光催化剂,并分别对其进行了400℃、450℃、500℃保温2 h的热处理。使用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、PL、BET等手段对其进行了表征。结果表明,纯ZnO和Ag修饰ZnO均为六方纤锌矿晶型,Ag颗粒沉积在ZnO表面形成了Ag-ZnO异质结构。以罗丹明B为目标污染物研究了样品的光催化活性。结果表明,热处理温度对纯ZnO的光催化性能的影响较大,在450℃热处理后光催化效果最佳;热处理温度对Ag修饰ZnO的光催化性能没有显著的影响;Ag修饰ZnO比纯ZnO的光催化活性均有所提高,因为Ag修饰提高了ZnO表面羟基的含量并抑制了光生电子与空穴的复合。在500℃热处理后Ag修饰ZnO对罗丹明B的60 min降解率达到98%,其反应速率常数为0.063 min^-1。     

应用于FED Al/Ag/Al导电复合薄膜的研究

利用Ag的高温抗氧化能力,采用磁控溅射沉积Al/Ag/Al导电复合薄膜,并在480℃下进行热处理。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDS）研究表明磁控溅射的Al/Ag/Al导电复合薄膜表面平整,热处理后表面Al膜生成致密的氧化层。溅射沉积和热处理过程中Ag和Al原子的相互扩散,最后形成富Ag的Ag-Al合金和Ag3Al化合物。Al/Ag/Al导电复合薄膜比Ag/Al复合薄膜的电阻率增大了一个数量级,导电复合薄膜热处理后导电性能更优,电阻率约为19.4×10-6Ω.cm。     

高性能CuNi15Sn8和CuNi15Sn8Gd0.5合金的研究

本文概述了Cu-Ni-Zn台金系的发展；分析了合金Spirmdal分解的特点；简述了合金的试验方法；研究和讨论了固溶温度、加工强化、时效规范、高温电阻和温度系数及钆(Gd)对合金的性能和结构的影响；简介了合金的试用情况。研究结果表明,合金具有高的硬度、强度和弹性、良好的抗疲劳及应力松驰能力、耐蚀性、耐磨性、优良的钎焊性和工艺性、热处理的简便性以及经济而无毒等优点。Gd的加入改变了合金Spinodal亚稳分解物的形态、大小、数量和分布,提高了合金的性能。两种合金的物理——机械性能如下：经有关单位试用表明：CuNi15Sn8Gd0．5合金用于250℃高温波段开关,具有优良的高温力学性能,低而稳定的接触电阻。将上述合金作为200℃内用继电器复合接点簧片的基体,综合性能超过了Ag／QBe2复合材料,更优于Ag-Mg-Ni,具有长寿命、耐高温、高可靠和节约Ag50％等优点。将CuNi15Sn8Gd0．5合金用作电子管管座,以代CuBe2材料,具有优良的使用性能,是代铍铜的新材料。它们可应用于继电器、电位器、开关、接插件等接触簧片和仪器仪表中的弹性元件等。     

Ag-TiO2光催化剂的制备、性能及机理研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag-TiO2光催化剂粉体,研究了不同制备条件对样品性能的影响,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,研究了其光催化性能,分析了Ag掺杂提高光催化性能的机理。结果表明,Ag离子的掺杂拓展了TiO2在可见光区的光谱响应范围,降低了光生电子和空穴的复合几率;在普通日光灯下,当Ag的掺杂量为n(Ag)∶n(TiO2)=0.1%,热处理温度为400℃条件下制备的样品催化性能最好,其光催化活性显著高于Degussa P25。     

含Mn、Ag催化剂分解高湿度臭氧尾气的研究

用分步浸渍法制备出能在高湿度条件下催化分解较高浓度 O3 的 MnOx AgOx/堇青石催化剂。XRD和 XPS 分析表明,反应前后催化剂的活性中心发生了变化,产生了新物种。根据实验初步讨论了高湿度下MnOx 和 AgOx 分解 O3 的协同效应以及 O3在催化剂表面发生的局部多相催化分解的反应过程。     

热处理对Cu-Ag合金原位复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用原位复合技术制备了Cu-10Ag合金原位复合材料,研究了热处理对形变复合材料的结构与性能的影响.热处理促使Ag沉淀析出和晶格常数降低.中间热处理增大极限拉伸强度(UTS)与改善导电率.采用不同的热机械处理获得了由不同强度与导电率组合的综合性能,典型的性能达到强度1500～1560MPa和导电率62%IACS～64%IACS.真实应变η=9.8的大变形Cu-10Ag合金原位复合材料的再结晶温度约350℃,其性能直至300℃是稳定的.自然时效处理提高大变形原位纤维复合材料的强度3.5%～5%,降低再结晶温度至250℃.     

PET基纳米Ag薄膜导电及电磁屏蔽性能研究

为了研究纳米Ag薄膜厚度对导电及电磁屏蔽性能的影响,采用磁控溅射法在PET非织造布上制备了不同厚度的纳米结构Ag薄膜,用原子力显微镜（AFM）分析不同厚度纳米结构Ag薄膜形貌及粒径的变化;研究了纳米Ag薄膜厚度与薄膜导电性能及屏蔽性能之间的关系;并用网络测试仪测试了不同厚度样品的电磁屏蔽效能。实验结果表明：在100MHz～1200MHz内,100岫的PET基纳米Ag薄膜的电磁屏蔽效能在20．7dB～29．3dB之间,50nm以上的PET基纳米Ag薄膜的电磁屏蔽率均达到98％以上。     

不同掺Ag含量下高温(800℃)沉积CrN/Ag涂层的组织结构及其性能

为研究高温下掺入Ag的CrN涂层的组织性能,在沉积温度为800℃的条件下采用直流反应磁控溅射技术制备CrN/Ag硬质涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱仪、X射线衍射(XRD)和维氏硬度计,综合分析了800℃沉积温度下,对不同Ag掺杂情况下CrN/Ag涂层的组织结构和性能特点,以及700℃热处理工艺对其的影响。结果表明,Ag添加导致CrN晶相生长由(200)择优取向向无择优取向转变,并使得CrN/Ag涂层表面粗糙化;少量Ag(7%(原子分数))添加可提高涂层硬度,过多Ag(21%(原子分数))添加明显降低涂层硬度;高温热处理(700℃/1h)后,纯CrN涂层的氧化并不明显,但是,随Ag含量增加,涂层氧化程度逐渐增加,且在高Ag(21%(原子分数))涂层中Ag溢出现象显著;涂层氧化及Ag溢出导致涂层硬度显著降低。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.