Forecasting broadband Internet adoption on trains in Belgium

Thanks to the massive success of mobile access devices such as netbooks or Apple’s iPhone 3G, Internet on the move has become one of the prominent features of today’s information society. With the emergence of wireless and mobile communication networks, the railroad industry is now catching up on this new technology in their battle with low-cost operators to bring more productivity and entertainment possibilities to its passengers. With millions of daily commuters as potential service users, this transport branch offers high business opportunities. However, while most field trials and research effort have mainly focused on the enabling technology, little research effort has been conducted to forecast the demand-side. This article tries to fill this gap by presenting original results gathered from a large-scale survey amongst 1324 regular train travellers. By means of the Product Specific Adoption Potential method, we predict the potential market penetration of wireless Internet services onboard trains and estimate the size and nature of five adopter segments in terms of socio-demographics, drivers and thresholds, willingness to pay, applications and quality of service. We will discuss the practical implications of these insights in order to develop viable business models, set up introduction strategies and build out user-driven infrastructure networks.     

宽带战术通信系统架构设计与实现

针对未来战术通信向高速、宽带、移动和网络化方向发展,提出了利用LTE技术构建宽带战术通信系统的网络架构和设计思想。通过高速传输技术、高效多天线技术和无线接入技术,以及频率下移、综合集成技术,建立了一套一体化车载式基站系统,描述了网络架构、实体和基本设计策略,给出了系统主要设计指标。通过实例验证：通信距离可达20 km,通信距离显著提高,此时数据吞吐量可达47 Mbit/s,比现役提升近百倍,证明了系统架构设计的有效性和可行性,真正实现了战术通信系统跨越式发展。     

Satellite land mobile communication systems

The emergence of satellite land mobile services over the last 10 to 15 years is described together with future trends. The difficulties of providing a commercially viable voice service are discussed and alternatives, such as inclined orbit systems and satellites with very large antennas, are suggested as ways in which the initial disadvantages might be overcome. Data services for satellite land mobile traffic and the possibilities of including radio determination of vehicle location as part of these data services are also considered. Future systems, which could have their architecture strongly influenced by the use of onboard processing, are discussed     

智能高铁铁路枢纽场景5G-R信道与传播特性分析

为构建现代综合交通运输体系,支撑我国高速铁路向智能化方向发展,基于第五代移动通信技术(5G)的铁路5G专用移动通信(5G-R)系统将成为铁路智能联接的首选。2.1 GHz频段有望承载5G-R系统,支持铁路产业不断涌现的新业务。高速铁路枢纽场景是列车行车指挥和客货调度的中枢,具有业务量大、业务类型复杂等特点,对铁路通信系统提出了更高的要求。本文以厦门北站铁路枢纽为研究场景,基于电子地图建立三维场景模型,采用射线跟踪方法,仿真并分析场景的信道与传播特性,并提出了通信系统设计的相关建议。本文的研究结果将有助于为铁路枢纽场景5G-R系统设计与优化提供参考,提高铁路枢纽场景无线覆盖质量。     

An IP transport and routing architecture for next-generationsatellite networks

Over the past several years, a number of new satellite systems have been proposed to provide high-speed Internet and multimedia services to businesses and home users. These proposals have been driven by the desire of network operators to reach end users that do not have cost effective access to other alternatives such as fiber, DSL, and cable, and by the availability of new spectrum (Ka-band) for use by new satellite services. The proposed systems generally employ multiple high-power spot beams, an onboard fast packet switch, and a demand-assigned multiple access scheme to provision IP-based services. In this article we concentrate on a geosynchronous satellite system where packet transport and switching within the satellite system are based on ATM. We describe an IP/ATM interworking and IP routing architecture that is driven by three main requirements: (1) the ability to support ATM SVCs between hundreds of thousands of satellite terminals by a single ATM switch located onboard; (2) a scalable IP routing architecture that does not result in large volumes of routing traffic to be transported over the satellite; and (3) the ability to segment the satellite terminals for routing and administrative control by ISPs and enterprise networks     

Very high speed and high capacity packet switching for broadbandISDN

The authors discuss and propose a very-high-speed and high-capacity packet-switching (HPS) architecture for a future broadband ISDN (integrated-services digital network). The HPS network accommodates various communication services, such as voice, high-speed data, high-speed still picture, and video services. The proposed architecture has three significant principles: a high-speed oriented simple network protocol, separation of signaling and network control from data transfer, and hardware switching. These principles provide fast- and high-throughput transmission for data packets and reliable transmission and processing for call-control packets. The HPS protocol structure is addressed, which provides high flexibility for various communications services as well as high-speed capability. A 3-Gb/s capacity and building-block-structured packet-switching system architecture, using bus- and loop-type switch fabric, is also presented     

High-speed satellite mobile communications: technologies and challenges

Central features of future 4G mobile communication systems are high-speed data transmission (up to 1 Gb/s) and interactive multimedia services. For effective delivery of these services, the network must satisfy some stringent QoS metrics, defined typically in terms of maximum delay and/or minimum throughput. Mobile satellite systems will be fully integrated with the terrestrial cellular systems to provide ubiquitous global coverage to diverse users. The challenges for future broadband satellite systems, therefore, lie in the proper deployment of state-of-the-art satellite technologies to ensure seamless integration of the satellite networks into the cellular systems and its QoS frameworks, while achieving, as far as possible, efficient use of satellite link resources. The paper presents an overview of future high-speed satellite mobile communication systems, the technologies deployed or planned for deployment, and the challenges. Focusing in particular on nonlinear downlink channel behavior, shadowing and multipath fading, various physical channel models for characterizing the mobile satellite systems are presented. The most prominent technologies used in the physical layer, such as coding and modulation schemes, multiple-access techniques, diversity combining, etc., are then discussed in the context of satellite systems. High-speed and QoS-specific technologies, such as onboard processing and switching, mobility and resource management, IP routing and cross-layer designs, employed in the satellite systems are also discussed.     

高速铁路场景移动通信系统切换研究综述

高铁的高速、全封闭特性给移动通信系统的越区切换性能带来了极大挑战,直接影响用户体验。阐述了移动通信系统中越区切换的概念,并指出高速铁路场景下越区切换面临的问题。回顾了国内外为解决这些问题所进行的相关研究及最新进展,包括网络架构优化和切换流程中测量、参数设置、执行策略、数据传输环节的优化,并指出群切换机制是未来值得关注的研究方向。     

一种校园范围无线移动交互网的结构

本文提出了一种支持大型大学校园中移动通信的网络结构，设计允许每个移动宿主机在校园中自由漫游时保持传输连接性。设计结合了无线局域网和高速异步转移模式交换技术，提供了一个有处理大量移动宿主同时运动的有充足集合带宽的无线通信系统。     

Design and implementation of a layer-II fast handoff protocol in emergency communication system

Immobility,limited bandwidth and poor support to real-time service are common shortcomings in traditional emergency communication system.Moreover,the data transmission speed is highly limited in high-speed services by the long handoff delay and fixed handoff trigger threshold when the mobile terminals moving between network nodes.In order to overcome these shortcomings,a new emergency communication system with multifrequency hierarchical clustering structure was designed.A new layer-II fast handoff protocol was designed for such network structure to deal with handoff issue in real-time services.In this handoff protocol,the handoff trigger threshold is self-adaption based on the moving velocity of mobile terminals.     

Data communication in ATM networks

An increasing number of customers require LAN access with high bandwidth and low delay over long distances. To satisfy these needs, several high-speed network techniques have been developed. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is superior compared to other networking technologies, as it offers high bandwidth and is scalable in the sense that the bandwidth capacity of an ATM system is not fundamentally limited to the technology itself. Initial ATM installations will operate as subnetworks of existing networks and MAC layer protocols. One of the main challenges in ATM is the transparent support of existing connectionless LAN services. Several activities have been launched within international standard bodies and forums to specify ways of providing data communication services over ATM. Most notable examples are Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) and the similar Connectionless Broadband Data Service (CBDS) supported mostly by public network service providers. But also other approaches such as IP over ATM, and LAN emulation that show more adherence to the existing local and campus area networking paradigms. The article presents the requirements and architecture of the LAN emulation service. It describes the alternative methods for carrying IP packets over ATM, a public broadband service architecture and CBDS. The traffic management aspects of the data communication services are also discussed     

CDMA2000覆盖遂渝铁路的建设方法

遂渝铁路经过的地形场景复杂,移动通信用户较多。针对在快速铁路环境下,移动通信面临的多普勒频移、穿透损耗大以及系统切换等问题,介绍了CDMA2000覆盖遂渝铁路中隧道、桥梁和丘陵等场景的建设方法。     

Transport architecture evolution in UMTS/IMT‐2000 cellular networks

Mobile evolution from the second generation (2G) to the third generation (3G) raises several important questions for operators and manufacturers. How to ensure that the old and current investments can still be utilized in the future? What is the optimum architecture? ATM or IP? Voice or data? There is no single correct answer to these questions, as it all depends on individual cases. In this paper, we discuss the transport architecture evolution for the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS)/international mobile telecommunications—year 2000 (IMT‐2000), or 3G cellular networks and interworking aspects between 2G and 3G cellular networks. The interfaces between access nodes in a cellular network and the changes incorporated to support packet data services are described. Emerging services such as mobile data, virtual private networks (VPN) and location aware networking are described. Role of ATM and IP in this new transport architecture is presented. Control and data plane interworking issues between different transport technologies are described. The new ATM standard, ATM adaptation layer type 2 (AAL2) and its applicability for transporting compressed speech in an ATM based cellular network is described. A similar approach in IP, multiplexing in real‐time transport protocol (RTP) payload to transport compressed speech on selective interfaces of 3G network, is introduced. Transport network architecture evolution within four different scenarios is evaluated. Special interest is focused on the protocol stacks and flexible layered solutions that allow smooth migration from one transport technology to another. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于公众移动通信网的集群通信系统的设计和实现

本文提出了一种基于公众移动通信网的集群通信系统PTOS的体系结构,其基本原理是:在控制和管理层面,利用智能网的思想和体系结构对群组通信进行管理和控制;在资源层面,使用语音板卡提供的多方会议和混音功能实现群组的实时多方通话.首先介绍了PTOS的软硬件体系结构,然后对其实现中的关键技术如多点控制模块设计、软硬件可靠性、应用层消息路由、跨板卡的会议等进行了研究,最后对本系统的商用前景和局限性进行了讨论.     

基于QoS的3G网络系统设计与研究

为了有效地解决无线通信网络在宽带业务不断增加时产生的拥塞问题,提出了将区分服务模型应用于第三代移动通信网络以满足不同业务对QoS的需求。详细分析了区分服务模型的关键技术以及区分服务模型的系统结构,将区分服务模型和第三代移动通信分组域核心网系统结合起来,设计了支持QoS的第三代移动分组域核心网络。实验表明提出的模型较好地解决了第三代移动网络分组域核心网的QoS问题,提高了对不同业务的服务质量。     

Deployment of the GMPLS control plane for grid applications in experimental high-performance networks

In this article we present a review of the latest activities in recent experimental high-performance optical networks such as ultrascience network (USN), dynamic resource allocation via GMPLS optical network (DRAGON), and circuit-switched high-speed end-to-end transport architecture (CHEETAH). We compare the control and management approaches adopted in each of these networks and analyze their capabilities vis-a-vis the functional requirements of grid computing applications. Grid computing is increasingly on the rise to meet the massive processing and storage demands of a new class of e-science physics applications that may generate and require the processing of data sets reaching terabytes per day. The requirements of these applications challenge the limitations of the networking technologies that are in place today. In particular, the area of network management and control is undergoing significant developments in order to meet the demands of these applications. It is the purpose of this article to share our experiences in the deployment of the GMPLS control plane in these experimental optical networks. It is our belief that these and similar efforts will result in significant progress toward enabling connection-oriented high-performance networking. This new paradigm will encompass grid computing applications as well as commercial, health, and entertainment services, thus making it useful to the public at large.     

高速铁路移动通信系统关键技术的演进与发展

高速铁路自诞生起即伴随着车地移动通信的承载需求,其中一部分业务承载需求来源于高速列车的列车控制与列车调度,这是高速列车必不可少的重要组成部分,另一部分业务来源于车上的旅客,这些是满足旅客服务质量需求的重要标志之一。特别是在移动互联网时代,上网需求已成为人们生活的重要组成部分。该文总结了世界各国高速铁路移动通信发展的重要历程,特别是支持旅客信息接入的车地移动通信技术发展现状,从移动通信技术发展的趋势讨论高速铁路移动通信技术发展的趋势,包括与公众移动通信技术发展的关系,展望未来高速铁路移动通信的一些关键技术,并提出了一些具体建议,从而给该领域相关的研究人员提供一些参考。     

混合网络研究

自组织网和蜂窝网是移动通信系统的重要组成部分,融合两者的混合网络将可能成为未来移动通信系统的重要组成形式之一.文章介绍了混合网络的研究现状,分析了各网络模型的特性,并对混合网络中的关键技术问题,如框架结构、通信模式选择、信道分配、路由、计费、负载均衡,进行了探讨.文章认为混合网络通过其灵活的网络组建能力,不仅提高了对传统业务的支持,同时也为引入新服务创造了条件.自组织网络和蜂窝网络的融合将为构造下一代移动通信系统奠定基础.     

Location Management Strategies for Cellular Overlay Networks—A Signaling Cost Analysis

In a world driven by the accessibility of data for business, for communication and entertainment, but one populated by an increasingly nomadic society, it is no surprise that the appetite for wireless services continues to grow. The limitations of existing technologies however, particularly for wireless multi-casting and broadcasting, suggest that new approaches are needed to allow users to access services in the all wireless world. A popular approach for improving wireless services proposes to equip mobile terminals (MTs) with more than one radio interface to enable access to services in an always best connected paradigm. One such architecture envisages a co-operating overlay network, or inter-network, that comprises of a cellular telephony network and a digital broadcasting network. MTs in the inter-network have two corresponding radio interfaces and co-operation between the networks provide the user with seamless access to diverse services across the inter-worked platform. In this paper, we introduce novel location management proposals for co-operating overlay networks that incorporate a uni-directional broadcast overlay and provide a cost and latency analysis of the schemes. Our cost analysis demonstrates the soundness of the techniques and the value of the analyses as comparative evaluation tools. In particular, it is shown that there are a wide range of realistic operating conditions where the novel proposals presented here provide an optimum performance in cost terms.     

A wireless multimedia framework for the management of emergency situations in automotive applications: The AIDER system

Automotive applications would greatly benefit of multimedia telematic services for many purposes, from tourism and entertainment, to most important issues such as security and traffic management. Within this context, the AIDER system (AIDER is the acronym of Accident Information and Driver Emergency Rescue) is one of the most advanced multimedia mobile services targeted at emergency situations such as road accidents. The AIDER allows the interactive exchange of multimedia data (and in particular, audio, video and biomedical information) between the vehicle and a remote rescue centre, by using several different narrowband radio channels including cellular networks and satellite. In this paper an overview of the AIDER architecture is provided, focusing on the advanced video communication system.