Preparation of nanostructured Ni/Al2O3 composite coatings in high magnetic field

Ni/Al₂O₃ composite coatings were prepared by a novel method from a modified Watt's type electrolyte containing nano-Al₂O₃ particles, where a high magnetic field was imposed in the direction parallel to an electrolytic current instead of mechanical agitation. Effects of magnetic field on the content of particles, surface morphology, microhardness and wear resistance of plating layer were investigated. It was found that the high magnetic field played an important role in the formation of composite coatings. The amounts of nano-Al₂O₃ particles in the composite coating increased with increasing of magnetic flux density and reached a maximum value at 8 T, then reduced slightly. The microhardness and wear resistance of the nanocomposite coatings also enhanced with increasing of magnetic flux density as compared to that of pure Ni coating fabricated in the absence of magnetic field. That was because the co-deposited nano-Al₂O₃ particles were uniformly distributed in the Ni matrix and contributed to greatly increase the microhardness and wear resistance of the composite coatings. Moreover, the mechanism of action of high magnetic field was discussed preliminarily.     

Development of moderate temperature CVD Al2O3 coatings

Chemically vapor deposited Al₂O₃ coatings, due to their high hardness and chemical inertness, are currently the state of art in the cutting tool industry. The conventional high deposition temperature of about 1050 °C for Al₂O₃ coatings, based on the water–gas shift process, has to a great extend restricted the development of several hybrid coatings, such as TiC/TiN/TiCN/Al₂O₃. To overcome this limitation, alternate systems to deposit Al₂O₃ at moderate temperatures have been investigated. Systems using NO–H₂, H₂O₂, NO₂–H₂ and HCOOH were identified and thermodynamic calculations were performed to evaluate them as potential sources of oxygen donors to form Al₂O₃ in the moderate temperature range of 700–950 °C. Preliminary results have clearly demonstrated that it is possible to grow moderate temperature alumina (using such alternate sources) on the TiC/TiN coated cemented carbide substrates.     

In-situ P/M Al/(ZrB2+Al2O3) MMCs: processing, microstructure and mechanical characterization

In-situ metal matrix composites (MMCs) offer significant advantages over conventional MMCs from both a technical and an economic standpoint. In this paper, an in-situ MMC, i.e. Al/(10 vol.% ZrB₂+9.2 vol.% Al₂O₃), is produced starting from Al+ZrO₂+B by reactive sintering and subsequently densified by hot-pressing. The formation mechanism of ZrB₂ and Al₂O₃ in Al matrix is studied by XRD, thermal analysis and microstructural characterization. Reaction kinetics are also investigated based on the results of the reaction mechanism. The properties are evaluated in terms of microstructural characterization, Young’s modulus and bending tests. The in-situ processing involves four intermediate steps and the transitional phases are AlB₂, Zr(O, B)₂ and (Zr, Al)(B, O)₂. Regarding the reaction kinetics, conversion fraction vs time relationships have been established for the last three intermediate steps.     

MoS2 coated with Al2O3 for Ni-MoS2/Al2O3 composite coatings by pulse electrodeposition

The MoS₂ powders were coated with Al₂O₃ (5 wt.%) through controlling hydrolysis of Al (NO₃)₃·9H₂O. MoS₂ powder coated with Al₂O₃ was written as MoS₂/Al₂O₃ hereinafter. MoS₂/Al₂O₃ powders were put into Ni plating electrolyte bath. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) — the surfactant was also put into the bath. The experiment proves that MoS₂/Al₂O₃ particles were absorbed onto the Ni plate. The amount of MoS₂/Al₂O₃ deposited on Ni plate rises with the increasing concentration of MoS₂/Al₂O₃ in the bath. The microhardness, micro-surface, phase and the tribological property of the MoS₂/Al₂O₃ multi-plating coating were measured and analyzed. The performances of microhardness and wear resistance of the Ni-MoS₂/Al₂O₃ composite are better than those of Ni-MoS₂ composite.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Magnetic properties of Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solutions

Solid solution ceramics (Al₂O₃)_x(Cr₂O₃)_1−x with different x in the range of 0 < x < 1 were synthesized via traditional ceramic production method. X-ray diffraction results and Rietveld refinements indicated that all samples possessed rhomb-centered structure and continuous solid solutions were synthesized. The samples were composed of irregular grains with several micrometers in diameter. Temperature dependence of magnetization measurements showed monotonous decreasing Néel temperature with increasing x and percolation effect happened with threshold of x = 0.65. As x became higher, weak ferromagnetism was observed in the samples. Field dependence of magnetization measurements further confirmed the weak ferromagnetism in the samples with x = 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9.     

Microstructure and tribological behavior of suspension plasma sprayed Al2O3 and Al2O3-YSZ composite coatings

Several alumina and alumina-zirconia composite coatings were manufactured by suspension plasma spraying (SPS), implementing different operating conditions in order to achieve dense and cohesive structures. Temperatures and velocities of the in flight particles were measured with a commercial diagnostic system (Accuraspray®) at the spray distance as a function of the plasma operating parameters. Temperatures around 2000 °C and velocities as high as 450 m/s were detected. Hence, coatings with high amount of α-alumina phase were produced. The microstructure evolution according to the spray parameters was studied as well as the final tribological properties showing efficient wear resistance.     

Processing and properties of ZrO2(3Y2O3)–Al2O3 nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), containing 20 and 40 wt% alumina, were prepared by a two-step process: (1) fine-particle aggregates of the constituent phases were melted and homogenized in a high enthalpy plasma, prior to rapid quenching in water to obtain metastable starting powders, and (2) the metastable powders were consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), under conditions designed to ensure the formation of nanocomposites by controlling the metastable-to-stable phase transformation during sintering. In both cases, the resulting nanocomposites had completely uniform structures, comprising 27 and 50 vol% of -Al₂O₃ in a tetragonal YSZ matrix phase. Measurements of hardness and indentation toughness were correlated with observed structures.     

Ultrasonic machining of Al2O3/LaPO4 composites

Al₂O₃/LaPO₄ composites of varying compositions were drilled on an ultrasonic machine with low carbon steel tools (solid and hollow), in order to evaluate the response to machining. Vickers hardness for different compositions indicate critical load dependency on LaPO₄ content. Significance of LaPO₄ content on material hardness highlights the critical content for good sinterability. X-ray diffraction was done to study the phase content. Acoustic emission (AE) signals emitted by the work piece during machining was also analyzed. Ultrascan inspection was carried out to check for any internal defects. The data presented in the paper illustrate the significance of LaPO₄ addition on machinability of Al₂O₃/LaPO₄ composites in terms of MRR, AE response and hole geometry and associated defects.     

La2O3对钢基陶瓷涂层组织与性能的影响

采用热化学反应法在中碳钢(45钢)基体上,以稀土氧化镧(La2O3)为添加剂,制备A12O3陶瓷涂层,并对其组织和性能进行测试和分析.结果表明:稀土氧化镧(La2O3)可以改善陶瓷涂层的组织及性能,陶瓷涂层的硬度和耐蚀性明显提高;添加了稀土氧化镧(La2O3)的A12O3陶瓷涂层,在900℃固化时有MgFeZr3O4、MgSiO3等新相生成;当陶瓷涂层中稀土添加剂(La2O3)含量约为1.19％时,涂层组织更加致密,涂层与基体的冶金结合更加明显,涂层耐蚀性能更好.     

TiN/Cr/Al2O3 and TiN/Al2O3 hybrid coatings structure features and properties resulting from combined treatment

New experimental results are presented on the structure and the elemental and phase composition of hybrid coatings, which were deposited on a substrate of AISI 321 stainless steel using a combination of plasma-detonation, vacuum-arc and subsequent High-Current Electron Beam (HCEB) treatment. We found that an increase in energy density intensified mass transfer processes and resulted in changes in aluminum oxide phase composition (γ → α and β → α). Also we observed the formation of a nanocrystalline structure in Al₂O₃ coatings. Electron beam treatment of a hybrid coating surface induced higher adhesion, decreased the intensity of surface wear and increased corrosion resistance in a sulphuric acid solution. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was studied in several electrolytic solutions (0.5 M H₂SO₄, 1 M HCl, 0.75 M NaCl) using electrochemical techniques. In most cases the corrosion resistance was improved, except those in NaCl solutions. The nano-hardness of the protecting coating was 13 GPa before electron beam melting and 9 GPa after it (as a result of TiN and Al₂O₃ sub-layers mixing).     

Growth and characterization of Al2O3 thin films for the buffer insulator in Pt/SrBi2Nb2O9/Al2O3/Si ferroelectric gate oxide structure

Pt/SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN)/Al₂O₃/Si (MFIS) ferroelectric gate oxide structures were prepared with the rf (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering method for the application of non-destructive read-out ferroelectric RAM (NDRO-FRAM) devices. An Al₂O₃ intermediate layer between the perovskite SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ film and Si substrate prevents the serious inter-diffusion of the SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) into the Si substrate. The coercive field that decisively affects the memory window was increased by inserting the Al₂O₃ insulator between the SBN and Si, and thus the memory window also increased with the increase in the electric field to the SBN. The memory windows of the metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductors (MFIS) structures were in the range of 0.7–3.4 V when the gate voltage varied from 3 to 9 V. The memory windows of the MFIS structures were found to be dependent on the thickness and stoichiometry of the buffer layer. We obtained the maximum memory window in an MFIS with an insulator of 11.4 nm in thickness deposited in the deposition condition of a 15∶5 flow ratio (Ar:O₂) during sputtering.     

Microstructural analysis of YSZ and YSZ/Al2O3 plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings after high temperature oxidation

Air plasma sprayed TBCs usually include lamellar structure with high interconnected porosities which transfer oxygen from YSZ layer towards bond coat and cause TGO growth and internal oxidation of bond coat.The growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO) at the interface of bond coat and ceramic layer and internal oxidation of bond coat are considered as the main destructive factors in thermal barrier coatings.Oxidation phenomena of two types of plasma sprayed TBC were evaluated: (a) usual YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia), (b) layer composite of (YSZ/Al₂O₃) which Al₂O₃ is as a top coat over YSZ coating. Oxidation tests were carried out on these coatings at 1100°C for 22, 42 and 100h. Microstructure studies by SEM demonstrated the growth of TGO underneath usual YSZ coating is higher than for YSZ/Al₂O₃ coating. Also cracking was observed in usual YSZ coating at the YSZ/bond coat interface. In addition severe internal oxidation of the bond coat occurred for usual YSZ coating and micro-XRD analysis revealed the formation of the oxides such as NiCr₂O₄, NiCrO₃ and NiCrO₄ which are accompanied with rapid volume increase, but internal oxidation of the bond coat for YSZ/Al₂O₃ coating was lower and the mentioned oxides were not detected.     

保护渣对铝钛系夹杂物溶解的吸收规律

以CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-Na₂O-CaF₂-MgO为基础渣系,采用旋转动力学方法研究了不同碱度、BaO质量分数(0~15%)、B₂O₃质量分数(0~15%)对连铸保护渣吸收Al₂O₃或TiO₂速率的影响以及吸收前后矿相变化。结果表明,保护渣吸收TiO₂的速率要远大于吸收Al₂O₃的速率;添加BaO或B₂O₃后均能提高保护渣吸收Al₂O₃和TiO₂的能力;保护渣主要物相为钙镁黄长石(2CaO·MgO·2SiO₂)、钙铝黄长石(2CaO·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂)、枪晶石(3CaO·2SiO₂·CaF₂)及玻璃相(Na₂O·Al₂O₃·SiO₂);添加BaO后,钙镁黄长石转变为重硅酸钡钙镁(2CaO·MgO·2SiO₂·BaO),并抑制黄长石和枪晶石晶体长大;当添加B₂O₃的质量分数不低于10%,保护渣形成的物相为玻璃相。试验条件下,不同碱度的保护渣和添加B₂O₃的保护渣中TiO₂仍以TiO₂形式存在,而在添加BaO的保护渣中,TiO₂形成钙钛矿。     

Selective single pulse femtosecond laser removal of alumina (Al2O3) from a bilayered Al2O3/TiAlN/steel coating

We studied surface modification of a double layer protective coating on steel induced by single fs laser pulse irradiation in ambient air. The outer alumina (Al₂O₃) layer, which protects against aggressive environments, was 1.7 μm thick and the titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) layer in contact with the steel surface had a thickness of 1.9 μm. The pulses (λ = 775 nm, τ = 200 fs) were generated by a Ti:sapphire laser source. The pulse energy was varied from 0.32 μJ to 50 μJ, corresponding to an incident laser fluence of 0.11 J cm^− 2 to 16.47 J cm^− 2. The surface damage threshold was found to be 0.20 J cm^− 2 and the alumina layer removal was initiated at 0.56 J cm^− 2. This selective ablation of alumina was possible in a wide range of fluences, up to the maximum applied, without ablating the TiAlN layer beneath.     

Thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of the binary systems B2O3–Ga2O3, B2O3–Al2O3 and B2O3–In2O3

We calculated the binary phase diagrams B₂O₃–Ga₂O₃, B₂O₃–In₂O₃ and B₂O₃–Al₂O₃, and the Gibbs energy of formation of the binary compounds, using experimental liquidus data. The B₂O₃–Ga₂O₃ system is of industrial importance, because liquid B₂O₃, in which Ga₂O₃ is not very soluble, is used to protect GaAs during growth of single crystals of GaAs. During recovery of noble metals B₂O₃ is added to slags containing Al₂O₃ to lower the melting point and the viscosity. The B₂O₃–In₂O₃ system is of much less importance to industry. In all three systems we have a liquid miscibility gap, and also solid binary compounds, none of which melt congruently. The miscibility gaps are not surprising, because even in the B₂O₃–Bi₂O₃ system where four congruently melting compounds are present, a liquid miscibility gap exists close to B₂O₃.     

用Ti箔直接连接Al2O3/Cu

借助ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＸ和ＸＲＤ分析手段，对直接用Ｔｉ箔在１２７３Ｋ连接的Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｃｕ接头的连接界面微观结构进行了研究，分析了Ｔｉ箔厚度影响反应层度和连接强度的机制。     

孔道Al2O3/SiO2对NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系储氢性能的影响

以机械球磨法制备具有可逆吸放氢性能的NaAlH4-Tm2O3储氢材料体系。利用相同制备方法进一步研究两种不同孔道材料(大孔Al2O3与介孔SiO2)对NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系储氢性能的影响,测试样品的循环吸放氢性能,并对样品吸放氢前后的结构进行表征。结果表明:大孔Al2O3材料的添加并不能明显改善NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系的放氢速率和放氢量,而介孔SiO2的加入使NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系在150℃条件下5 h内的首次放氢量(质量分数)达到4.61%,高于NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系的4.27%,增加了约8.0%。此外,添加介孔SiO2的NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系放氢速率也有所提高。     

Microstructural constraints for creep in SiC-whisker-reinforced Al2O3

New and published creep data obtained on a SiC-whisker-reinforced Al₂O₃ composite have been analyzed in terms of an effective grain size and a threshold/critical stress. These concepts allow the formation of a consistent picture of the high-temperature deformation of these composites. For low volume fractions of whiskers, before the formation of a point-contact percolative limit is reached, deformation proceeds via grain-boundary sliding after the applied stress exceeds a temperature-dependent threshold stress. In this regime, the nominal grain size is the most important microstructural feature. For larger volume fractions of whiskers, up to the critical volume fraction for formation of facet-to-facet contact, whiskers inhibit grain-boundary sliding and deformation proceeds by means of pure diffusion. In this regime, the most important microstructural feature is an effective grain size, i.e. the spacing between the whiskers. Deformation proceeds until the stress reaches a temperature-dependent critical stress. At this point, damage occurs by unaccommodated grain-boundary sliding and creep is no longer in a steady state.