不同热处理下滑动速度对SiCp/Al复合材料摩擦学性能影响研究

SiCp/Al复合材料非匀质性微观结构使其摩损机制较传统匀质材料更为复杂,不同工况及热处理工艺下复合材料的摩擦学性能也存在差异。以SiCp/2024Al复合材料为研究对象,进行球-面接触干滑动摩擦磨损实验,探究它在不同热处理状态及滑动速率下的摩擦磨损性能及磨损机制。结果表明:热处理对复合材料力学性能和摩擦学性能有显著影响,固溶+人工时效态复合材料具有更高的强度、硬度及耐磨性;滑动速度影响复合材料的表面接触性质及磨损程度,摩擦因数和磨损量随滑动速度提高逐渐增大;随滑动速度增加,复合材料主要磨损机制由剥层磨损向磨粒磨损转变,而磨损机制的转变明显加快了复合材料的磨损,在实际应用中应尽量避免此现象发生。     

Wear, erosion and corrosion resistance of CrTiAlN coating deposited by magnetron sputtering

A nanolayered CrTiAlN coating, which was deposited on Ti6Al4V substrate using unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique, was tested to evaluate its performances against wear, erosion and corrosion. The coating, with a higher hardness compared to CrN, demonstrates significantly higher dry sliding wear resistance than CrN and TiN coatings. Different from the brittle TiN coating, the CrTiAlN coating has a maximum erosion rate at an impingement angle of 45° and shows better erosion resistance than TiN coating at 90°. The CrTiAlN coated Ti6Al4V, when tested in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution, shows a markedly more noble corrosion potential in comparison with the uncoated Ti6Al4V substrate. Furthermore, it demonstrates a wide passive region with a low current density. All these properties make the CrTiAlN coating a good candidate for a variety of industrial applications.     

TEM analysis and tribological properties of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) coatings on a magnesium engine AJ62 alloy

In order to reduce the fuel consumption and pollution, automotive companies are developing magnesium-intensive components. However, due to the low wear resistance of the magnesium (Mg) alloys, Mg cylinder bores are vulnerable to the sliding wear attack. In this paper, a Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) process was used to produce oxide coatings on a Mg alloy AJ62 (MgAl6Mn0.34Sr2), developed for Mg engine block, to battle against the wear attack. The surface morphology, coating thickness and tribological properties were tailored by adjusting the PEO process parameters. TEM analysis demonstrated that the PEO coatings had a nanocrystalline structure in the inner dense layer next to the substrate. The PEO coatings exhibited a much better wear resistance and a smaller friction coefficient than the uncoated AJ62 substrate. The tribological performance of the PEO-coated Mg alloy was even better than that of a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy currently used for engine applications under a high contact load.     

Tribological behavior of TiN and CrN coatings sliding against an epoxy molding compound

TiN and CrN coatings were deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering, and then rubbed against an epoxy molding compound (EMC). In sliding against an EMC, TiN exhibited an extremely high wear rate and a low friction coefficient, while the CrN-coated sample showed the opposite behavior. To understand this difference, Raman spectroscopy and thermal testing were used to study both coatings. Combining the results of oxidation, Raman spectroscopy and tribological testing, it can be concluded that the oxidation and pore generation occurring in the TiN coating during sliding deteriorated the mechanical properties of the coating and therefore its wear resistance. The excellent wear performance of the CrN coating against EMC was related to its good oxidation resistance, and adhesion to the substrate at high temperature.     

纯钛表面激光熔覆铁基耐磨涂层结构及摩擦学性能(英文)

利用激光熔覆技术在纯钛表面制备铁基涂层。用 XRD、SEM、TEM分析涂层的相组成和晶体结构。在UMT-2MT摩擦磨损试验机上对铁基涂层在不同载荷和不同滑动速度下的摩擦磨损性能进行测试。用SEM和3D表面轮廓仪分析铁基涂层磨损后的表面形貌和磨屑形貌。结果表明:钛表面激光熔覆制备的铁基涂层的显微硬度约为860HV0.2,具有优异的耐磨性能,磨损率为(0.70～2.32)×10-6mm3/(N·m),可以显著提高纯钛基材的耐磨性能;涂层的磨损机理为轻微的磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

Sliding wear characteristics of solid lubricant coating on titanium alloy surface modified by laser texturing and ternary hard coatings

Titanium alloys are poor in wear resistance and it is not suitable under sliding conditions even with lubrication because of its severe adhesive wear tendency. The surface modifications through texturing and surface coating were used to enhance the surface properties of the titanium alloy substrate. Hard and wear resistant coatings such as TiAlN and AlCrN were applied over textured titanium alloy surfaces with chromium as interlayer. To improve the friction and wear resisting performance of hard coatings further, solid lubricant, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), was deposited on dimples made over hard coatings. Unidirectional sliding wear tests were performed with pin on disc contact geometry, to evaluate the tribological performance of coated substrates. The tests were performed under three different normal loads for a period of 40 min at sliding velocity of 2 m/s. The tribological behaviours of multi-layer coatings such as coating structure, friction coefficient and specific wear rate were investigated and analyzed. The lower friction coefficient of approximately 0.1 was found at the early sliding stage, which reduces the material transfer and increases the wear life. Although, the friction coefficient increased to high values after MoS₂ coating was partially removed, substrate was still protected against wear by underlying hard composite layer.     

HVOF喷涂AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层在模拟海水钻井液中的腐蚀和磨损性能研究

目的 提高钻具关键易损零部件在海洋钻探实际应用中的耐腐蚀和磨损性能。方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂技术（HVOF）制备Al CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层。使用电化学工作站对涂层和35CrMo钢基体（常用的钻具材料）进行电化学测试,电化学测试包括动电位极化曲线测试和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测试。采用摩擦磨损试验机对涂层在模拟海水钻井液中不同载荷和不同滑动速度下的磨损行为进行研究。采用扫描电子显微镜及X射线能谱仪对磨痕表面微观形貌及成分进行分析,利用三维白光干涉形貌仪测量涂层的磨痕三维形貌及磨损体积。结果 HVOF喷涂Al Co Cr Fe Ni高熵合金涂层在模拟海水钻井液中的耐腐蚀性优于35CrMo钢基体,可以起到有效的腐蚀防护作用。相同条件下,Al CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层的耐磨性优于35CrMo钢基体。在滑动摩擦磨损过程中,随着载荷及滑动速度的增大,涂层的平均摩擦系数和磨损率均增大,且涂层的磨粒磨损程度加重。当载荷为6 N时,涂层发生疲劳磨损;当滑动速度为0.15 m/s时,涂层出现粘着磨损。模拟海水钻井液对涂层磨损性能的影响可以分为2个方面。一方面可以起到润滑作用,模拟海水钻井液显著改...     

聚合物基复合材料表面防护涂层的研究现状与展望

聚合物基复合材料相比金属等传统材料,其耐高温性能、抗固体颗粒冲蚀磨损性能等不足,导致聚合物基复合材料在高新技术领域、高温磨损等复杂工况中的应用受到严重制约.研究表明,在聚合物基复合材料表面制备功能性防护涂层,是一种有效提高或改变复合材料表面性能的途径.在介绍聚合物基复合材料基本性能特点的基础上,系统总结梳理了热喷涂、冷...     

Tribological Properties of Al Alloy Particle Composites

In recent years, a variety of particle dispersed aluminum alloy composites have been synthesized. The tribological properties of these materials include sliding wear, friction, seizure resistance and abrasive wear (of composites containing solid lubricant as well as hard ceramic particles). The potential high-performance applications of Al-alloy-graphite composites include pistons for internal combustion engines and bearings. For such applications, the low stress abrasive wear rates of composites, containing high volume fractions (0.20–0.35), are comparable to that of heat treated 1045 steel.     

等离子喷涂典型耐磨涂层材料体系与性能现状研究

等离子喷涂作为重要的热喷涂技术之一,在零件表面强化处理与再制造损伤修复领域具有广泛的应用.由于不同机械零部件工作环境(温度、转速、腐蚀环境、润滑状况等)、基体材质及运动形式等因素存在较大的差异,因而通常需根据其具体服役工况选择最优的表面强化涂层,以满足零件表面摩擦学性能需求,提升机械装备的综合服役性能.基于此,对国内外采用等离子喷涂技术所制备的典型耐磨涂层的材料体系及涂层性能进行了详细地综述,系统介绍了组织成分、物相结构、力学性能、服役工况等因素对典型涂层(包括金属基涂层、陶瓷基涂层及多相复合涂层等)摩擦学性能的影响机理.结果表明,涂层的摩擦学性能受到涂层自身特性相关的内因(包括孔隙率、力学性能、组织成分等)和服役工况相关的外因(包括载荷、频率、润滑状态、工作介质等)的影响;典型金属基耐磨涂层包括Fe基、Ni基和Mo基涂层等,通过表面处理、后处理和工艺优化等手段,可显著改善涂层的摩擦学性能;采取不同的喷涂方式因颗粒熔化程度差异,使陶瓷基涂层产生不同的磨损程度;针对纳米、微米结构的陶瓷基涂层进行对比分析,发现纳米涂层通过吸收应力而降低磨损;复合涂层通过添加润滑相能够降低其摩擦因数、减轻涂层磨损,其中相较于单一润滑相,多组润滑相能通过发挥协同润滑效果,使涂层在不同温度区间下保持良好的耐磨性.最后,对等离子喷涂涂层耐磨性能的提升和优化方向进行了展望.     

20CrMo上沉积CrN涂层的力学性能及5W/40润滑下的摩擦学性能

在活塞销材料(20CrMo)上沉积了5种不同厚度的CrN涂层,研究其力学性能及发动机油5W/40润滑下的摩擦学性能。分别对CrN涂层的表面形貌、截面厚度、硬度、弹性模量和高温膜基结合性能进行了测试。探讨了不同接触压力和不同转速下CrN涂层与锡青铜(QSn7-0.2)配副以及基材20CrMo与QSn7-0.2配副在5W/40润滑下的摩擦学性能差异,并分析了接触电阻。结果表明:涂层沉积厚度对CrN涂层的硬度等力学参数的影响较小,但对高温膜基结合性能的影响较大。在5W/40润滑下,CrN涂层与QSn7-0.2配副在接触压力较大或较小的大部分区域都具有相对较低的摩擦因数,且磨损体积极小。     

Wear and Friction Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-Based Coatings Subject to Nano-enhanced Lubricant and Composite Coating

This paper presents research findings on the tribological performance of electrodeposited coatings subject to nano-lubricants with the addition of nano-Al_2O_3 and graphene and Ni/nano-Al_2O_3 composite coatings. Electrodeposited coatings were produced by using a pulse electrodeposition method. Tribological experiments were conducted by using a linear reciprocating ball on flat sliding tribometer. Experimental results confirmed that the wear and friction resistance properties were significantly enhanced by doping of nano-effects in the lubricating oil and composite coating. The addition of Al_2O_3 nanoparticles in the lubricating oil showed the best tribological properties, followed by Ni–Al_2O_3 composite coatings and nano-oil with graphene. The surface morphology and microstructure of electrodeposited coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The wear mechanisms of these coatings subjected to tribological testing were investigated by post-test surface analyses. This research provides a novel approach to design durable nano-coatings for tribological applications in various industries such as automotive,aerospace, locomotive and renewable energy technologies.     

New Approach to Ceramic/Metal-Polymer Multilayered Coatings for High Performance Dry Sliding Applications

The combination of thermally sprayed hard coatings with a polymer based top coat leads to multilayered coating systems with tailored functionalities concerning wear resistance, friction, adhesion, wettability or specific electrical properties. The basic concept is to combine the mechanical properties of the hard base coating with the tribological or chemical abilities of the polymer top coat suitable for the respective application. This paper gives an overview of different types of recently developed multilayer coatings and their application in power transmission under dry sliding conditions. State of the art coatings for dry sliding applications in power transmission are mostly based on thin film coatings like diamond-like carbon or solid lubricants, e.g. MoS₂. A new approach is the combination of thin film coatings with combined multilayer coatings. To evaluate the capability of these tribological systems, a multi-stage investigation has been carried out. In the first stage the performance of the sliding lacquers and surface topography of the steel substrate has been evaluated. In the following stage thermally sprayed hard coatings were tested in combination with different sliding lacquers. Wear resistance and friction coefficients of combined coatings were determined using a twin disc test-bed.     

Improvement of the wear resistance of Ti-based coating sliding against copper alloy

The multilayer coating, Ti10%-C:H/TiC/TiCN/TiN, was deposited on cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrate by an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. Tribological characteristics of this coating were compared with the coatings of TiN, TiCN, and TiC/TiCN/TiN deposited on WC-Co substrates and the WC -Co substrate itself. The coating displayed excellent tribological properties, i.e., both low value and smooth curve of friction coefficient, and also, compared with the other tested materials, yielded the lowest wear depth when sliding against bronze under dry conditions. The coating thus protects against the high wear experienced when Ti-based coatings rub against copper alloy.     

Wear resistance of a Cr3C2-NiCr detonation spray coating

Coatings can be applied to surfaces to improve the surface characteristics over those of the bulk properties and are widely used in tribological applications either to reduce wear and/or to modify friction during contact. One of the foremost coating methods for combating wear is thermal spraying. To prolong the life of steel slab continuous casting rolls, Cr₃C₂-NiCr detonation spray coating was processed on the roll surface in a steelmaking plant in China. This article studies the mechanical properties and wear resistance of this coating. The abrasive and dry frictional wear testing were performed using a pin-on-disk tester. Experimental results show that the wear resistance of the coated samples, i.e., coating reduces the risk of seizure compared to uncoated samples, is much better than those of the uncoated steel at room and elevated temperatures with any load and sliding velocity. The coating wear mechanisms under different test conditions are discussed.     

The tribological behaviour of detonation sprayed TiMo(CN) based cermet coatings

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the tribological performance of 200 μm thick TiMo(CN)–28Co and TiMo(CN)–36NiCo coatings obtained using the detonation spray coating system. Towards the above purpose, the detonation spray coating conditions were optimized to obtain the best coating properties (low porosity, high wear resistance) by varying two of the important coating process variables, i.e., oxygen to fuel ratio and gas volume. In both the coatings it was observed that the best tribological performance and also the lowest porosity were obtained at intermediate OF ratios. However, the coatings with the highest hardness did not exhibit the best tribological performance. A comparison of the tribological performance of the optimized TiMo(CN) type coatings with that of optimized WC–Co coatings revealed that the abrasion resistance of TiMo(CN) type coatings is comparable to that of WC–Co coatings. However, the erosion and sliding wear resistance of TiMo(CN) type coatings were considerably lower than that of WC–Co coatings.     

Wear performance of spark plasma sintered Co/WC and cBN/Co/WC composites

The present study investigates the efficiency of spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique on the tribological behavior of tungsten carbide composites, and aims to develop the wear resistance of these composites by addition of cubic boron nitride (cBN). Wear tests of spark plasma sintered 6(wt.%)Co/WC, 25(vol%)cBN/6Co/WC and conventionally fabricated 6(wt.%)Co/WC as a reference sample were performed by ball-on-disk contact with dry and rotational sliding at room temperature in order to determine the friction coefficient and wear rate. Wear mechanisms were explained by using SEM observations and the wear rates were computed by a surface profilometer. In all cases, the major wear mechanisms were observed gradually in the form of microcraking, material removal by grain pull out, and generation and spalling of a tribochemical layer. Based on the experimental results, the addition of cBN considerably enhanced the wear resistance of tungsten carbides. In addition, these results revealed that SPS process has outstanding potential for the fabrication of tungsten carbides with high wear properties for tribological applications.     

Investigation of processing parameters for pulsed closed-field unbalanced magnetron co-sputtered TiC-C thin films

Titanium carbide is a well-established wear resistant coating due to its excellent tribological properties including high hardness and elastic modulus, good wear resistance, low coefficient of friction against steel, and high temperature stability. Recent advances in sputtering technology have resulted in improvements in the properties and performance of wear resistant coatings. Closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering and pulsed magnetron sputtering have greatly improved the structure and properties of titanium carbide films by increasing ion bombardment at the substrate. The goal of this research was to investigate how processing ties into the structure-property-performance relationship for these types of films. An electrostatic quadrupole plasma analyzer was used to measure the energy of ions at the substrate position. Energy ranges from 0.5 to 280 eV were observed under different pulsing conditions. Excessively high ion energy during deposition was found to erode the tribological performance of films.     

Comparative study on the wear behavior of long and short glass fiber reinforced plastics

In recent years, the fiber reinforced composites have been used more in tribological applications where the sliding surfaces requires a high wear resistance and a low co-efficient of friction. The growth of GFRP is significantly higher than that of steel. No engineer or designer can ignore the growth of GFRP, but the decision to use a new material is difficult, yet important. The comparative tribological performance of short and long glass fiber-epoxy composites, under varying load and sliding velocities, is reported in this investigation. Besides conventional weighing, the coefficient of friction, contact temperature, and wear rate were determined. The worn surfaces of the specimens were examined by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The wear mechanisms and the transitions that govern the tribological behavior of the composites between them are discussed in detail. It was found that the epoxy reinforced with a long glass fiber exhibited a reduced wear rate than the short glass fiber.     

A critical review of diamond like carbon coating for wear resistance applications

In recent years innovation in carbon based materials have encouraged both researchers as well as industrialists to develop materials/composites with improved tribological properties. Researchers have been fascinated to develop diamond like carbon (DLC) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced coatings to their good corrosion resistance, excellent wear resistance, good adhesion strength, and self -lubricious nature. The present review article is mainly focused on various techniques employed in order to process DLC/CNTs coatings as well as provide a summary of DLC/CNTs deposition on different substrates. The present study includes major types, properties and tribological behavior of carbon based materials and mechanisms involved in coating deposition. The study also discusses that deposition of DLC/CNTs coatings on the substrate materials enhances the wear, corrosion and mechanical properties of the substrate.