与供应商的采购合作关系分析

对与供应商的采购合作关系进行了初步的分析,通过需求分析、选择供应商、正式建立合作关系、实施和加强合作关系4个过程展开,分别对筛选战略、供应管理计划流程、供应商的评估和选择、认证管理等关键问题进行初步分析,旨在使采购工作趋于完美。     

消费者产品价值知觉研究

研究了品牌、产地、价格、服务对消费产品价值知觉的影响。研究结果表明：（１）消费对名牌产品的交换价值知觉和心理价值知觉均显高于不知名品牌。（２）消费对进口产品的交换价值知觉与心理价值知觉均显高于国产产品。（３）价格显影响消费的交换价值知觉,但不影响其心理价值知觉。（４）服务对消费的交换价值知觉有一定影响,但不影响消费的心理价值知觉。（５）消费的知识经验对其价值知觉有一定影响。     

Perception of traffic risks for older and younger adults

The study examined differences in the perception of traffic risks for older and younger adults. Thirty-four younger participants (mean age 24.7 years) and 30 older participants (mean age 70 years) estimated the number of younger and older people (out of 100,000 people) that were injured in car and pedestrian crashes in a recent year. Both age groups viewed older adults’ risks in pedestrian crashes as higher than those of younger adults, and saw older adults’ risks in car crashes as identical to the risks for younger adults. Both age groups assessed the risks for their own group quite accurately, but erred in their assessment of the risk for the other group. Older participants tended to overestimate the risk for younger adults, and younger participants tended to underestimate the risk for older adults. These results point to the need to enhance awareness of the age-related increase in traffic risk, which could potentially promote more considerate driving behavior.     

电磁恐慌风险特征及人格特质作用的探讨

本文旨在研究风险特征与人格特质在因电力设施导致电磁环境所引发的公众电磁恐慌心理问题中的作用机制。研究采用了定性访谈与问卷测量相结合的方法,结果表明：电磁风险的可控性、公众的忧虑程度对电磁风险的知觉有显著的预测作用;自尊、乐观、忧虑度、外控等人格特质对个体面临风险情景状态下的反应模式有显著的预测作用。     

论交易成本与供应链战略合作伙伴关系

以交易成本理论为出发点，提出了企业选择资源配置机制的准则，阐述了供应链战略合作伙伴关系形成和运行的原因和条件，比较分析了各种资源配置机制的特征和适用条件。最后提出了供应链战略合作伙伴关系应具有的功能，指出并论证了企业应减少供应商数目，建立与供应商长期的关系。     

一种基于多用户协同的网络定位性能评估方法

常见的网络定位技术主要有GNSS定位、基站定位、WiFi定位三种,每种定位技术都有其应用的场景和优缺点.现有的定位性能评估方法因涉及较专业的实验室设备,存在设备采购和维护成本高、场景覆盖较少等问题.本文提出了一种基于多用户协同的网络定位性能评估方法,该方法通过多用户手机协同机制采集大量高精度的GNSS基准位置评估基站或...     

自感型功能结构研究前沿与展望

目的 对自感型功能结构的研究进展进行归纳和分析,并对其发展前景进行展望。方法 定义自感型功能结构的概念,分析自感型功能结构的设计流程,揭示自感型功能结构的内涵,并从敏感材料、制造方法、响应激励3个视角对自感型功能结构设计的研究进展进行分类,证明其可以通过元胞性能设计、基元构型制造和序构综合调控的设计方法进行制备并应用于实际场景中,实现结构—功能的一体化。结果归纳了自感型功能结构的设计与制造研究进展,总结了自感型功能结构的重点技术和在不同领域的突出性成果,结合自感型功能结构的概念内涵,对其在机械、材料、生物等领域的应用进行了展望。结论自感型功能结构可以对本体和环境的变化进行感知,按照设计好的特定方式发生功能或性能的变化,具有结构构型高效、感知对象多样、感知元件集成等特点,在相关领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

供应网络横向联合应急战略库存策略研究

本文研究供应网络中基于联盟的多个企业建立联合应急战略库存的决策问题.本文构建了基于成本最小化的企业库存决策模型.模型同时考虑了突发事件本身发生概率和突发事件对联盟中每个企业的影响概率;分析突发事件发生后需求激增情况下,企业单独应对和通过联合应急战略库存应对的不同库存策略;比较了两种情形下不同的最优库存水平.最后通过数值分析,讨论了联盟规模等因素对库存成本的影响.     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understandingafter a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Getting beyond ‘grin and bear it’ in the practice of risk management

Risk perception researchers frequently notice major discrepancies between expert judgment and lay opinion concerning the identity of ‘large’ risks. These discrepancies are particularly disconcerting because they lead to a significant misallocation of scarce resources devoted to public risk management. Yet, democratic decision-making also appeals to many risk perception researchers, and some see such little prospect for a solution thaty they seem close to surrendering to decision-making based on lay risk perception. This article argues that such a ‘grin and bear it’ strategy is also unsatisfactory; that risk perceptions are unstable grounds for decision-making; that expert risk assessment and lay risk perception differ by design rather than accident; that risk experts' search for ‘virtuous lawmakers’ who would make public decisions for the greatest public good is a vain one; that the dissonance risk perception researchers now observe will likely get worse in the new information age; and that risk perception researchers need to return to first principles to find solutions to these dilemmas. In particular, the gap between expert judgment and lay perception will close only when non-experts are permitted and expected to make their own risk management decisions, so far as that is possible, while bearing full responsibility for their choices.     

Integrating ecosystem services in Swedish environmental assessments: an empirical analysis

Given the growing number of policies and laws that encourage inclusion of ecosystem services (ES) in processes, we have investigated environmental impact assessments (EIA) and strategic environmental assessments (SEA) conducted in Sweden in order to analyse whether ES may be integrated to enhance and improve environmental assessment of today. Representative Swedish environmental projects were reviewed. Three cases with different geographic and environmental settings were selected to allow us to study consideration of a wide range of different ES. We investigated the processes and discussions taking place using documentation from the cases. We formalized and labelled the expected impacts into an ES framework. Summarizing each case, we described conformities and divergences in explicit and implicit prioritizations between the actors. We discussed the benefits of integrating ES into current practices and possible improvements in the processes and methodologies. When ES could be integrated into EIAs and SEAs more aspects would be visualized and a larger stakeholder engagement stimulated leading to improved support for decision-making.     

Hazard perception and driving experience among novice drivers

The crash risk of novice drivers decreases rapidly during the first few months of post-licensing driving, indicating that some important safety-relevant traffic skills are learnt during this period. The present study tested the hypothesis that the risk decrease is related to improved hazard perception skills. A video-based hazard perception/reaction test, measuring reaction times to 31 traffic scenes, was administered to three groups of drivers, having held a licence for 1, 5, and 9 months, respectively, and to a group of drivers who had held their licences for several years. Average reaction times tended to decrease with experience, but the decrease was not significant. There were some significant differences in the expected direction for individual test items, indicating a possible effect of experience. One half of the situations were presented together with a secondary task, in order to investigate effects of increased mental load on hazard perception. Male novice drivers had relatively longer reaction times with the secondary task, compared to both female novice drivers and male experienced drivers. It is concluded that hazard perception as tested here is probably only a minor factor in explaining the initial risk decrease among novice drivers.     

食品包装标签信息的消费者需求研究

目的食品标签作为向消费者传递产品信息的重要载体,成为消费者了解食品安全信息最直接有效的途径,探究了消费者对食品标签上包装信息的需求情况。方法以牛奶包装标签信息为例,在山东省的6个城市中选取了348个消费者样本展开问卷调研,对数据进行了描述性统计分析。结果在消费者对食品质量安全高度关注的背景下,对牛奶不同包装标签信息的信任程度、关注程度与便利性评价总体较为一致,但个别信息仍显示出消费者信息需求与现有包装设计的矛盾。结论政府及厂商应针对消费者信息需求与使用行为特征,规范包装标签设计,加强乳品质量安全管理,有助于发挥食品安全认证标签等多种包装信息的作用,恢复消费者对乳品质量安全的信心。     

一种提供用户偏好选择的Web服务组合方法

分析了用户对于组合的Web服务的一些软性的偏好,对这些偏好的表达和基于这些偏好的Web服务组合进行了研究,提出了一种提供用户偏好选择的Web服务组合方法.该方法利用模糊约束来表达用户的偏好,将用户的偏好和满意程度转化成为模糊约束满足问题,进而使用分支定界法对层次化任务网络(HTN)进行分解.实验结果表明,用户的满意程度有显著的提高.     

How strategic environmental assessment can inform lenders about potential environmental risks

In this paper, we explore the potential for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) to be a useful tool for banks to manage environmental risks and inform lending decisions. SEA is an environmental assessment tool that was developed to assist strategic-level decision-makers, such as policy-makers, planners, government authorities and environmental practitioners in improving developmental outcomes, aiming to facilitate the transition to sustainable development. We propose that SEA may also be a valuable tool for banks because it has the capacity to provide information about environmental risks at a time when it can be used as an input to bank lending decisions, which can assist banks in making lending decisions with better environmental outcomes. For these reasons, we argue that in some circumstances, and particularly for project finance transactions, SEA may be a more useful environmental assessment tool for lenders than environmental impact assessment, which many banks are currently relying on to help assess and mitigate environmental risks. Furthermore, we suggest that the use of SEA by banks would contribute to the sustainability goals of SEA.     

ISDN可视电话降格使用协议的研究

综合业务数字网（ＩＳＤＮ）是未来通信网发展的趋势。本文介绍了一种在ＩＳＤＮ网上应用较为广泛的电信业务－ＩＳＤＮ可视电话业务和ＩＳＤＮ网或公共电话网（ＰＳＴＮ）上其它电话业务互通所需采用的一种信令协议。     

农业保险对生鲜农产品供应链合作关系的影响研究

在我国当前生鲜农产品易受自然风险影响以及成员合作关系不稳定的现实下,本文通过构建自然风险和农业保险两种模式下的供应链利润模型,首先研究了两部收费制对供应链系统的协调作用及对成员合作关系的影响;然后探讨了农业保险的设定和理赔机制,对比分析了农业保险对供应链利润及成员合作关系稳定性的影响,最后通过算例验证模型的结果,并给出决策意见。研究表明：自然风险下两部收费制能协调生鲜农产品供应链,但供应链合作关系不稳定;引入农业保险不仅可以有效管理自然风险,还能增加供应链整体及各级成员的收益;随着自然灾害系数的上升,农业保险下生鲜农产品供应链合作关系稳定性也会下降,但相比较于自然风险下的供应链系统,其稳定性更好。     

基于策略消费者风险偏好的供应链协调研究

在传统的策略消费者的报童模型基础上,探讨了消费者风险偏好对供应链协调的影响,引入消费者风险偏好系数,证明了在此影响下销售商的最优定价和订货量会降低,从而减少了供应链的收益.为改善这种状况,提出两部定价法,同样考虑消费者的风险偏好,得出了在相同的风险偏好下,这种批发价格随着订货量递减的两部定价策略与单一线性价格策略相比,前者的销售商的最优订货量会增加,最优销售价格会降低,使消费者获得更多的剩余价值,从而使供应链整体的效益提高.通过算例对结论进行了验证.     

线上线下渠道的消费者风险感知及信任传递研究

如何将多年努力积累的线下消费者信任转移为对在线产品的良好感知是推动线下企业拓展线上渠道的关键问题。基于线上线下消费者感知风险不同,研究了渠道间信任传递及其定价问题。以渠道拓展的线上消费者信任为对象,构造了感知风险、线上信任程度影响下的消费者效用函数,建立了Stackelberg博弈模型,讨论了渠道定价与线上信任程度的关系以及渠道间信任传递的主要决定因素。研究结果表明,线上信任程度增加导致线下定价降低,线下需求减少且线上需求增加,制造商利润增加而零售商利润下降。此外,制造商对线上渠道信任传递的努力随线下产品绩效波动的增加而减少,随信任传递成本系数的增加而减少,随线下线上成本差的增加而增加。