省时节能的iFlash(R)间歇式前处理/染色工艺

介绍了iFlash(R)间歇式前处理/染色系统的特点,如低温低碱漂白、高效皂洗等;就加工时间、处理效果及加工成本与常规前处理/染色工艺进行了比较.实践证明,iFlash(R)系统具有省时、省水、节能、环保、改善织物性能等特点.     

涤棉大提花交织物的染整工艺

根据涤棉大提花交织物的组织规格特点，前处理采用不烧毛、不定形工艺。染色则采用分散／活性连续工艺流程。并就不同染色工艺处方下的染色效果进行讨论，给出了最佳工艺条件。     

苎麻织物酶前处理对染色性能的影响

根据苎麻纤维的结构特点及果胶酶的作用机理，通过单因素试验和正交试验优化苎麻织物果胶酶精练工艺：果胶酶12g／L，渗透剂JFC2g／L，pH值8，温度50℃，时间1．5h；精练后用活性染料染色，讨论了酶处理对苎麻织物染色性能的影响，并与碱处理后再染色的苎麻织物的染色性能作比较。比较发现，酶处理织物得色比碱处理浅，固色百分率略低；两种前处理半制品染色后的摩擦牢度和耐洗牢度都较好，且相差不大。     

亚麻/人棉交织提花布的染整工艺

介绍亚麻／人棉交织布染整加工的工艺设计，包括前处理、染色和后整理工艺流程及处方。试验结果表明，在轧酶液处方中加入络合剂，以及在染色前先浸轧10g／LCGF匀染剂等措施，可有效解决染色时的异色效应，改善手感。     

竹/棉/涤混纺弹力织物的染整加工

针对竹／棉／涤弹力机织物的特点，优选染整工艺。前处理采用冷轧堆练漂，改善弹力织物在湿热处理过程中坯布门幅过分收缩造成的折皱和卷边；通过适度的前定形，解决成品面料纬向缩水率与弹性回复性的矛盾。前处理冷堆液碱浓度36—40g／L，双氧水用量10～12g／L；丝光碱浓度200～210g／／L，车速40m／min。中深色染色选用分散染料热溶法染涤纶，活性染料套染纤维素纤维；浅色则直接用士林染料染色。     

大豆纤维棉混纺针织物溢流染色工艺探讨

为探讨大豆棉混纺针织物的染色性能，文中对前处理和染色工艺进行了探讨，同时对碳酸钠、元明粉的用量、染色时间、染色温度对得色量的影响进行了分析。最终确定大豆棉混纺针织物前处理采用加氧漂助剂的碱氧-浴法工艺。采用BES活性染料染色，碳酸钠用量：浅色为5-10g/L，中色为13-15g／L，元明粉用量：浅色为10-15g／L，中色为20-50g／L，染色温度65℃，染色时间为45min。     

亚麻/真丝纤维交织物的染整工艺

分析了亚麻/真丝纤维交织物的烧毛、前处理、染色和整理等工艺参数，采用净洗酶前处理，以降低损伤真丝组分；选用汽巴克隆LS染料，pH值为4—5，元明粉用量为30-40g／L，纯碱10g／L，70℃固色，以获得染色同色性。用纤维素酶后处理可提高产品的舒适感。     

涤／竹／棉混纺纱线的染色工艺研究

根据涤／竹／棉混纺纱线的特点，主要采用分散／活性二浴法的染色工艺对涤／竹／棉混纺纱线进行染色加工处理，并对染色前后的断裂强度、伸长率进行对比，同时对上染率和染后的皂洗牢度进行了测试。     

超细旦腈粘双面绒的染整工艺探讨

超细旦腈粘双面绒具有两面蓬松、手感柔软、光泽细腻柔和、保暖性好等特点。中介绍了该产品的染整加工工艺，即采用阴、非离子复合型表面活性剂BW进行前处理，可有效去除纤维上的纺丝油剂；染色根据客户的要求不同，可采用单染腈纶、单染粘胶和腈纶／粘胶同时染色等方法，并分别就染料的选择、匀染剂的选择、染浴pH值的控制以及注意事项逐一进行了阐述。     

iFlash:80℃活化漂白与新型皂洗

加工技术与设备的发展通常会使加工时间缩短.但是新型助剂的应用也可减少加工时间,大大降低成本.随着iFlash系统的应用,漂白温度可降至80℃,活性染料染色后皂洗的时间也大大缩短.因此,织物间歇式染色得到优化,在不增加额外投资的情况下运行更经济.     

混合清汁超滤过程中工艺条件的优化

超滤过程中操作条件的优化对于发挥超滤的优势是至关重要的，本文用ＨＰＭ型板框超滤器对亚法糖厂的混合清汁进行处理，研究超滤系统运行的最优工艺条件，通过测定聚蔗醚酮超滤膜的污染度和清洗效果确定了较可行的清洗方法。     

Influence of product composition and operating conditions on the unsteady behavior of hard candy cooling process

On large industrial scales, the cooling stage in the production process of hard candies is one of the most critical unit operations. The main problems affecting final hard candies quality as regards the cooling process are: deformation, fragility and aggregation. The main operating conditions of the cooling stage are temperature and velocity of cooling air as well as the residence time of candy inside the tunnel.The objective of this work is to study the influence of process operating conditions and candy composition on the unsteady behavior of the cooling process of hard candies to improve final product quality.The study is conducted by using a simple mathematical model which was implemented and solved by using gPROMS (general Process Modeling System). A detailed discussion of results is presented through several examples.     

活性炭热水消毒工艺研究

活性炭过滤是饮用水生产过程中常用的过滤工艺,其表面的多孔性使其可以脱除余氯、嗅味及消毒副产物.余氯脱除且吸附了大量有机物后,活性炭较易富集微生物,因此定期消毒对于过程管控及品质安全必不可少.传统的活性炭消毒常采用热蒸汽消毒,需消耗大量的蒸汽,耗时较长,不符合低碳环保的新发展理念.为节约能源并提高效率,该课题研究了使用热...     

Optimal operating conditions calculation for a pork meat dehydration-impregnation-soaking process

Mass yield and operating time for a pork meat dehydration-impregnation-soaking (DIS) process were optimized using a coupled genetic algorithm/sequential quadratic programming method in order to obtain the optimal operating conditions: temperature and soaking solution concentrations. The DIS process was simulated by a neural network model. The non-linear optimization problem was constrained to ensure the main product characteristics: stability indicated by the water activity target and flavour characterized by the phenol gain target. The climatic conditions, the model validity region, the raw material costs and the operator working schedule were taken into account.Optimal solutions are discussed for three different batch configurations: single-stage processing under constant conditions, single-stage processing under varying temperature and two-stage processing under constant conditions. The most convenient operation resulted in a two-stage soaking process because of time, energy and cost savings, control convenience, product cooling anticipation and a reasonably high mass yield.     

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF BANANA FOLLOWED BY AIR DRYING

The process of osmotic dehydration followed by air drying was studied, modeled and optimized for the dehydration of bananas, which are an extremely perishable fruit unable to withstand freezing and, as such, need to be dried in order to preserve the fruit for later use. The mathematical model was validated with experimental data and the simulations show how the operating conditions affect the process. Process optimization was performed to obtain the best operating conditions that would reduce the total processing time. The results show the advantage of using moderate to high sucrose concentrations (55–65°Brix) for the osmotic solution, reduced pressure and the use of the osmotic treatment to reduce the total processing time of fruit drying.     

芦苇制浆中段废水处理工艺及分析

介绍了芦苇制浆中段废水处理工艺及运行状况,并对该运行中存在的问题进行了分析。混凝沉淀+百乐克+气浮+芬顿处理工艺可以用于芦苇制浆中段废水处理,可以满足排放标准要求,但是现工艺生化处理效果较差,整体运行费用偏高,尤其是芬顿处理费用偏高。     

Optimization of Operating Conditions in Rice Heat Blast Process for Chinese Rice Wine Production by Combinational Utilization of Neural Network and Genetic Algorithms

The rice heat blast process is a novel technique for gelatinizing raw starch. It uses heated air to replace steam for processing rice under high temperature fluidization in a short time period. This is a new technique for making rice wine with the characteristics of easy storage and zero water pollution. This study focused on three major performance indexes (starch gelatinization ratio, total fat content, and amino nitrogen content in the roasted rice), which largely affect the performance of the rice heat blast process and the rice wine quality. The relationship between these performance indexes and the corresponding operation variables were modeled by an artificial neural network (ANN) via learning sets of experimental data. Based on the ANN models obtained, genetic algorithms were used to optimize the operating conditions of the rice heat blast process. The results showed the power in determination of optimal operating conditions by the combinational utilization of artificial neural network and genetic algorithms.     

飞机发动机操纵钢索断丝原因分析及改进措施

针对某型号飞机飞行中发动机操纵钢索发生断丝卡滞问题,根据油门操纵拉杆的结构及工作原理进行分析。采用扫描电镜和化学成分分析等方法,综合分析后得出产生断丝卡滞的主要原因是钢索捻制时有倒刺,拉杆制造过程中该部位恰好位于压接头附近,在后续使用维护中油门操纵拉杆受到推拉作用,钢丝刺出钢索表面而发生卡滞。对上述现象提出改进措施:加强油门操纵拉杆的使用维护和保养,防止因摩擦力过大导致拉杆运动受阻;加强油门操纵拉杆钢索的表面质量检查,发现钢索有断头、生锈、松散等现象应及时更换;注意检查外套铜管内腔,防止外来多余物进入铜管导致油门拉杆运动受阻而卡滞。     

高压反应釜制备甜菜粕可溶性膳食纤维

以甜菜废粕为原料,用高压反应釜制备可溶性膳食纤维,探讨操作压力、反应温度和反应时间对从甜菜废粕中制备可溶性膳食纤维的影响,对各个因素进行系统的研究,得出最佳提取条件为压力20MPa、反应温度160℃和反应时间90min,此时可溶性膳食纤维得率为22.5％.可溶性膳食纤维主成分糖醛酸和中性糖最高含量为71.7％.SEM结果表明高压处理破坏了甜菜粕表面晶型.可溶性膳食纤维溶液流变性能表现为粘度随着浓度的增加而增大,随着剪切速率的增加而急剧减小.高压反应釜制备甜菜粕可溶性膳食纤维,仅用水为反应介质,不使用任何化学试剂,对设备无腐蚀,对环境友好.     

纳尔科OxiPRO^TM技术：主动的沉积物控制提高纸机效率

纳尔科开发了多项创新技术，为造纸工业提供了技术解决方案；其设计目的在于提高生产效率，改进产品质量，促进环境的可持续发展一、纳尔科开发了OxiPlKO技术，让造纸业首次采用在线监测系统控制微生物的生长。利用该项技术，造纸厂可以优化有害杀菌剂的用量，使生产工艺更有利于生态保护，并提高生产效率。