紫外光接枝丙烯酰胺改善织物染色性能的研究

以丙烯酰胺为接枝单体,采用紫外光(UV)接枝法对大豆蛋白复合纤维织物表面进行改性。采用红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对接枝聚合物进行了表征。探讨了单体浓度、光引发剂用量、UV能量、UV波长、红外(IR)预处理等对上染率的影响。结果表明,丙烯酰胺单体接枝到大豆蛋白复合纤维织物上,发生了接枝反应;上染率随单体浓度增加而升高,超过30%后有下降趋势;在光引发剂的用量3%和UV能量0.26 J/cm2时,上染率最高;UV波长对上染率的影响与光引发剂的紫外光吸收性有关;IR预处理对上染率影响不明显。     

苎麻织物紫外光接枝阻燃改性研究

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为接枝单体,用紫外光(UV)接枝的方法将GMA接枝到苎麻织物(Pure Ramie)上,接枝后的织物(Ramie-g-GMA)用乙二胺(ED)胺化(Ramie-g-GMA/ED),再用磷酸(OP)磷酸化(Ramie-g-GMA/ED/OP),制得阻燃改性的苎麻。通过热重分析(TGA)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 和极限氧指数(LOI)等技术和手段研究了阻燃改性前后的苎麻的热降解行为、阻燃性能和结构形貌,并考察了光照时间、引发剂二苯甲酮(BP)浓度、GMA浓度等因素对GMA接枝率的影响。扫描电镜分析和红外光谱研究结果表明GMA接枝到苎麻织物上;GMA接枝率随着光照时间、引发剂浓度和单体浓度的增加而增大;接枝反应20 min、BP浓度为0.3 mol/L、GMA浓度为30 %(v/v)时,GMA接枝率达到35.61 %,织物仍保持很好的手感;磷酸化后的织物在燃烧过程中因磷的催化成炭作用,显著地提高了苎麻织物的阻燃性能;GMA接枝率为50.65%的苎麻织物胺化、磷酸化后LOI可达38.6%。     

影响甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯对真丝织物接枝的因素探讨

探讨了单体浓度、引发剂用量、接枝时间和温度等因素对甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯在真丝织物接枝改性的影响。为真丝织物的改性处理提供了依据。     

蚕丝的丙烯酸六氟丁酯接枝改性及拒水性能

采用含氟单体丙烯酸六氟丁酯,在引发剂过硫酸钾作用下对蚕丝进行接枝改性,研究单体和引发剂用量、改性温度和时间以及改性pH值等对蚕丝接枝率的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对接枝改性的蚕丝进行表征,并测试整理后蚕丝织物的物理机械性能及拒水性。结果表明,丙烯酸六氟丁酯对蚕丝接枝的优化工艺参数为:单体质量分数150%(omf),引发剂质量分数1%(owm),pH值3,反应时间120 min、反应温度75℃。接枝改性对蚕丝织物的白度、黄度、断裂强力和透气性影响较小,而表面张力下降明显,拒水性明显提高。     

亚麻织物紫外光接枝丙烯酸的改性

以丙烯酸(AA)为接枝单体,采用紫外光(UV)接枝的方法对亚麻织物表面进行接枝改性,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对接枝聚合物进行表征,研究了单体质量分数、光引发剂用量、UV能量、UV波长、丙烯酸钠等因素对接枝率的影响,并探讨了接枝机制。FT-IR谱图在1 715 cm-1处增加了-C=O的特征吸收峰,表明光接枝丙烯酸反应的发生。SEM照片显示出光接枝亚麻织物表面出现覆盖物和纤维间的黏连。接枝率随单体质量分数的增加而升高,达到60%时,接枝率增幅不大。当光引发剂的用量为2%,UV能量为0.76 J/cm2时,接枝率较高。UV波长对接枝率的影响与光引发剂的UV吸收性有关。丙烯酸单体中存在丙烯酸钠会提高接枝率。     

改性涤棉混纺织物的制备及性能研究

通过紫外光接枝技术将N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAPMA)接枝到涤棉织物表面,以制备改性涤棉织物,并对改性织物的性能进行分析。通过SEM、FTIR对紫外光接枝改性前后涤棉混纺织物的表面形貌及结构进行表征,考察紫外光照射能量、光敏引发剂用量、单体浓度对接枝率的影响。结果表明:DMAPMA成功接枝到织物表面,当UV照射能量为15 J/cm~2、光敏引发剂用量为25%、单体浓度为40%时,织物的接枝率达到最高值18.10%。并且随着接枝率的增加,织物的染色深度与上染率呈线性增加。另外,与改性前织物相比,紫外光接枝改性后织物的水接触角由88.47°降低到0,亲水性显著提升,拉伸性能提高,硬挺度增大,透气性略有下降,为后续开发不同产业用途的纺织品提供了理论参考。     

聚丙烯纤维光接枝改性及其在漆酶固定化中的应用

为提高聚丙烯纤维的生物相容性,实现漆酶在纤维上的固定化,以二苯甲酮(BP)为光引发剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为接枝单体,采用紫外光辐射对聚丙烯纤维进行表面改性。通过对比改性前后聚丙烯纤维的红外光谱,证实MMA可通过紫外光引发接枝到聚丙烯纤维上。考察了接枝反应中光引发剂用量、反应单体体积分数和紫外辐照时间对接枝率的影响,得到聚丙烯纤维改性的较优工艺条件：BP浓度为0.3mol/L,MMA体积分数40%,紫外辐照时间为60 min。改性纤维固定化的漆酶具备一定的脱色作用和操作稳定性,在证明接枝反应发生的同时,也通过漆酶的固定化实现了对聚丙烯纤维生物相容性的改善。     

竹纤维织物DMC接枝改性对涂料染色的影响

以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为单体接枝竹纤维,采用接枝竹纤维经涂料染色的表观色深K/S值进行表征,探讨了影响改性效果的各种因素及其用量.结果表明,改性的最佳工艺:引发剂用量为250%(owf),单体用量为50%(owf),常温(25℃)反应45 min.涂料染色织物的干、湿摩擦牢度均为3～4级,水洗牢度为5级.     

微波辐照下纸浆纤维DMC接枝共聚改性的研究

微波辐照下采用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)接枝共聚制备改性桉木浆.考察了单体、交联剂、引发剂、浆浓及微波辐照时间对接枝率与浆料细小组分留着率的影响,探讨了接枝前后纸浆成纸的性能,并进行了红外光谱分析,结果表明,随着单体与浆的质量比、引发剂用量、浆浓及微波时间的增加,浆料接枝率和细小组分留着率先增加后下降.当单体与浆的质量比为0.9,引发剂用量为0.6%,交联剂与单体质量比为0.03,浆浓14%,微波时间3 min时,接枝改性的效果较好.接枝后纤维成纸的抗张指数、耐破指数与撕裂指数显著提高.FT-IR结果表明,DMC接枝到桉木浆纤维上.     

大豆蛋白接枝改性PET功能织物的制备及服用性能

用生物酶对涤纶(PET)织物进行改性增强亲水性,然后用交联剂聚乙烯醇缩水甘油醚(PVAGE)将大豆蛋白接枝到织物表面,制备大豆蛋白接枝改性PET功能织物,并对织物进行结构表征及性能测试。大豆蛋白接枝改性的优化工艺:大豆蛋白5%,PVAGE 1.5%,100℃,30 min。结构表征显示制备的大豆蛋白接枝改性PET功能织物纤维表面有一层均匀的大豆蛋白薄膜,改性PET纤维的N从0%增加到2.13%;织物纤维表面出现了氨基和酰胺基的吸收峰,进一步证明大豆蛋白已被成功接枝到PET纤维上。服用性能表明改性织物的亲水性和耐洗性较好,断裂强力显著增强,并很好地保持了原织物的柔软性,广泛应用于各类服装面料的制作。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the