含磷AA/AMPS共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂，丙烯酸（AA），2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）和次磷酸钠为原料，合成了含磷AA/AMPS共聚物阻垢分散剂。探讨了单体配比，引发剂用量，反应温度等对共聚物阻垢性能的影响。得出了最佳合成条件：m(AA);m(AMPS)=75:25，引发剂与单体（AA和AMPS）的质量比为10%，反应时间4h，反应温度90℃，并采用静态实验法评价了共聚物的阻垢性能，结果表明，含磷AA/AMPS共聚物阻垢性能优良。     

低磷膦磺酸阻垢分散剂ZHCD-05的合成研究

以水为溶剂,丙烯酸(AA)、马来酸酐(MAn)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)和次磷酸钠为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了一种集膦酰基、羧基和磺酸基于一体,低磷含量,综合性能良好的膦磺酸阻垢分散剂ZHCD-05.考察了产品综合性能与单体配比、引发剂用量、反应温度及反应时间的关系,得出了合成此共聚物的最佳工艺条件:m(MAn)∶m(AA)∶m(SAS)=1∶0.2∶0.5,NaH2PO2质量分数为8%,过硫酸铵质量分数为5.5%,反应温度为80～85℃,反应时间4 h.     

高效水稳剂YSS-96的合成及性能研究

以水为溶剂，过硫酸铵为引发剂，丙烯酸（AA）、2－丙烯酸胺－2－甲丙基磺酸（AMPS）和马来酸酐（MAn）为单体，合成了AA／AMPS／MAn三元共聚物（代号YSS－96），并对其阻垢和缓蚀性能进行了评定。结果表明，该共聚物不仅具有优良的阻垢分散性能，而且对碳钢也有较好的缓蚀作用，是一种性能优异的稳定剂。     

低磷型膦酰基羧酸聚合物的合成及性能研究

以水为溶剂,马来酸酐(MA),2.丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙磺酸(AMPS)和次亚磷酸钠以及过硫酸铵等为原料,合成了多功能水处理剂膦酰基羧酸共调聚合物.探讨了反应温度、单体配比、引发剂用量等对共聚物阻垢性能的影响.结果表明,当m(MA):m(AMPS)=3:4,引发剂占单体总质量的6.67%,次亚磷酸钠占单体总质量的12.5%,反应温度为75℃,反应时间为3.5 h时,所得产品对阻止碳酸钙、磷酸钙和氢氧化锌综合性能达到优良水平.     

正交设计法合成共聚物型水泥降失水剂的研究

本文利用2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)／丙烯酰胺(AM)／丙烯酸(AA)三种单体,根据自由基聚合原理,合成一种三元共聚物型油井水泥降失水剂。利用正交设计法设计了实验方案,分别考察了单体配比、反应温度、引发剂用量和链转移剂用量等因素对其降失水性能的影响,并对产物进行了’红外光谱、差热分析和N、S元素的测定。分析表明单体配比和反应温度是影响聚合物降失水性能的主要因素,并得到了最佳的合成方案：AMPS：AM：AA=50：42：8,反应温度70℃,引发剂用量2％,链转移剂用量6％。     

一种抗温抗盐稠化剂的研究

以AM(丙烯酰胺)、AMPS(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)和NVP(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)为单体,APS(过硫酸铵)/亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原型引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了一种三元聚合物基稠化剂。着重探讨了反应单体配比、单体浓度、引发剂掺量、反应温度和反应时间等对产物性能的影响。研究结果表明:该三元聚合物具有良好的增稠性、耐热性和耐盐性,其最佳合成条件是m(AM)∶m(AMPS)∶m(NVP)=7.3∶2.0∶0.7、单体浓度为30%、w(氧化还原型引发剂)=0.2%(相对于单体总质量而言)、反应温度为45℃、反应时间为4 h、m(APS)∶m(亚硫酸氢钠)=1∶1和体系pH=7。     

衣康酸共聚物阻垢剂的合成与应用

以衣康酸（IA）、异丁烯磺酸（IBS）和丙烯酸（AA）为原料在水相中合成了IA／IBS／AA共聚物阻垢剂,确立了最佳合成工艺条件：单体质量配比m（IA）：m（IBS）：m（AA）=10：3：5,引发剂质量占单体总质量的6％,链转移剂质量占单体总质量的9％,反应温度95℃,反应时间1．5h。该共聚物阻CaCO3垢率高达94．65％,同时进行了产业化试生产并获得了良好的效果。     

氧化淀粉基水性胶粘剂的研究

以过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠(KPS-NaHSO3)为引发剂,在木薯氧化淀粉上接枝苯乙烯(St)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA),并引入功能单体丙烯酸(AA),采用无皂聚合法合成了氧化淀粉基水性胶粘剂。考察了引发剂用量、单体与氧化淀粉配比、单体配比、功能单体用量、聚乙烯醇(PVA)用量和反应温度对胶粘剂性能的影响,并对接枝共聚物进行了红外光谱(FT-IR)表征。实验结果表明,当w(引发剂)=1.8%、m(单体)∶m(氧化淀粉)=3.0∶1、m(St)∶m(BA)=1.75∶1、w(AA)=2.0%和w(PVA)=3%～4%时,所制备的胶粘剂的综合性能最佳,其剥离强度为23.15 N/mm、拉伸强度为0.92 MPa。     

IA/AA/AMPS三元共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以水作溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,衣康酸(IA)、丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,合成了IA/AA /AMPS三元共聚物.探讨了引发剂用量、链转移剂用量、反应温度等对共聚物阻垢性能的影响.结果表明,引发剂用量为单体总质量的4.5%,链转移剂用量为单体总质量的9.5%,反应温度为95℃时,共聚...     

MA/SAS/AMPS共聚物耐高温钻井液降粘剂的研制

合成了耐240℃高温的水基钻井液降粘剂马来酸酐/丙烯磺酸钠/2-丙烯酰胺基-甲基丙磺酸(MA/SAS/AMPS)三元共聚物。优选反应条件为:水溶液聚合,n(MA)∶n(SAS)∶n(AMPS)=5∶4∶4,引发剂w(过硫酸铵)=3.0%,w(单体)=45%,共聚反应温度为85℃,反应时间为4h,得到MA/SAS/AMPS共聚物。室内实验证明,加入0.5%该共聚物使淡水基浆在常温下表观粘度由45mPa·s降至30mPa·s,降粘率为80.2%,加入0.5%使淡水基浆在240℃老化16h后的表观粘度由50mPa·s降至34mPa·s,降粘率为65%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。