收缩喷嘴内部流道型线对射流流场的影响

为研究收缩喷嘴内部流道形成对射流流场的气体动特性参数的影响，根据可压缩流体轴对称N－S方程，采用非结构网格和二阶精度的有限体积法，对不同内部流道形线的喷嘴自由射流进行数值模拟。亚声速射流采用RNGk-ε湍流模型，超声速射流采用S－A湍流模型，计算结果与实验较吻合。在亚声速流动中，收缩喷嘴的收缩角大小会影响其对射流的阻滞效果，内部流道形线设计为维多辛斯基曲线可以获得更好的流场动特性参数，有利于提高喷嘴的工作效率。在超声速流动中，喷嘴流道型线对出口膨胀波的角度与强弱影响较大，要根据射流的有效作用区域选择合适的喷嘴，才能使能量的损失最小。若要获得较佳的外部流场参数，优化喷嘴内部流道设计十分重要。     

基于CFD的大流量喷嘴喷射性能研究

目前应用于大型油罐油泥搅拌最安全、最有效的搅拌系统是旋转射流搅拌系统(RJM),其中大流量喷嘴的性能决定了搅拌器的工作效率,是搅拌系统研发的关键和难点.针对以原油为工作介质的大流量喷嘴,采用标准k-ε 湍流模型对喷嘴内部及外部的流场进行了全三维数值模拟,分析和研究了喷嘴结构参数(收缩角、长径比、直径)及工艺参数(粘度、进口速度)对其射流性能的影响.在工程应用上,为选择合理的喷嘴结构具有一定的指导作用.     

基于CFD的喷嘴结构对高压水射流反推特性的影响

喷嘴作为无人机新型射流反推弹射的重要元件,其结构参数对无人机弹射动态特性具有重要影响.以圆柱形、圆锥形和余弦形结构的喷嘴为研究对象,基于CFD建立不同结构喷嘴射流流动的数学模型,采用VOF多相流模型和k-ε湍流模型等对不同结构喷嘴射流流态进行数值模拟,获得不同结构喷嘴内外壁面的压力场、速度场分布,对比分析喷嘴结构特征和...     

前混合磨料射流喷嘴内流的数值模拟研究

基于多相流动的拉格朗日离散相模型，应用FLUENT软件对前混合磨料射流出口带圆柱段的圆锥收敛形喷嘴内部等温、不可压缩、稳态、液固湍流进行了数值模拟。连续相采用三维不可压缩稳态雷诺时均N-S方程，湍流模型采用标准的肛￡模型，代数方程组采用分离解方法，通过SIMPLE算法求解压力速度耦合；离散相采用拉格朗日方法追踪颗粒运动轨迹；收敛残差为10^-4。给出了颗粒初始位置对颗粒的运动速度和运动轨迹的影响规律，数值模拟结果对前混合磨料射流喷嘴的优化设计和工程应用具有很好的指导意义和参考价值。     

清洗用扇形喷嘴结构参数对其内部射流的影响

采用标准k-ε湍流模型,利用计算流体软件对扇形喷嘴的内部流场进行了数值模拟;研究了当扇形喷嘴出口投影面积一定时,入口结构、出口几何参数对喷嘴内部流场和出口射流速度的影响.研究表明:锥形入口结构最有利于射流在喷嘴内的加速,可使射流在喷嘴中始终处于加速运动状态.出口段的直径影响出口段内射流的速度,出口射流速度随出口圆柱段直径的增加而增加,但存在影响其变化趋势的一个阙值直径.出口盲端的长径比和V形切槽的夹角对喷嘴内射流流态无明显影响,对出口射流速度也无明显影响.     

径向水平井自进式旋转射流钻头流场特性分析

为解决径向水平井钻进过程中破岩效率和自进能力的问题,设计了一种自进式旋转射流钻头。运用数值模拟方法,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对所设计射流钻头的内外流场进行了三维流动特性分析,并分析了射流钻头结构参数对喷嘴流场特性的影响规律,进一步优化了自进式旋转射流钻头。结果表明,自进式旋转射流喷嘴外流场的轴心速度在喷嘴中心线上的速度最大,随着径向半径的增大,轴向速度迅速减小;切向速度沿喷嘴径向呈现出经典的"N"形分布,有利于增大射流破碎岩石的深度和破碎面积;径向速度呈轴对称分布,存在明显的漫流层,有助于岩屑的脱离;自进式旋转射流钻头导向叶轮的螺距和导叶数量,对射流速度有着重要的影响;喷嘴直径对射流流场特性的影响较大。经过优化,得到射流钻头的叶轮螺距16mm,导叶数为2,喷嘴直径为1mm。     

基于改进的低雷诺数湍流模型的软性磨粒流加工仿真与实验

针对模具结构化表面软性磨粒流精密加工中壁面特性求解困难的问题,基于改进的低雷诺数湍流模型提出了一种对软性磨粒流壁面特性进行分析的方法。该模型仿真的湍流可以从充分发展的高雷诺数湍流到低雷诺数湍流,所以,对于壁面区域的求解精度更高。以机械加工中常见的U形沟槽为仿真对象,数值模拟了其内部流场,尤其是壁面区的流场特征参数。分析结果表明:当初始压力p0在2.5～4.5MPa之间时,流道的内部流动是不完全发展的湍流,详细分析了p0为4.5MPa时渐变截面流道的内部流动,压力与速度分布均是中心高、两侧低,而且越靠近U形底部,压力值和速度值越高;磨粒流速度一直增大,磨粒受到的驱动力增大,使得单位时间内颗粒与壁面的碰撞增加。通过碰撞观测实验发现磨粒对壁面的碰撞速度与仿真结果相符,加工实验进一步验证了仿真结果。     

环形水气自激振荡射流泵提高传能效率分析与计算

提出环形自激振荡水射流概念,使用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对环形射流泵和环形自激振荡射流泵内部流动进行了仿真计算,结果表明:环形自激振荡射流泵提高了10%左右的吸气量;对两种射流泵内部流场进行了稳态计算,分析了面积比与吸气量之间的关系;通过瞬态计算阐述了下喷嘴处水气相间不稳定边界层的周期性运动发展过程。根据稳态和瞬态的模拟计算结果,总结出环形自激振荡射流提高对气体的卷吸效果的原因。这为提高射流泵传能效率,研制新型环形自激振荡水气射流泵奠定了理论和应用基础。     

基于Fluent的采煤机喷雾嘴内流场数值模拟

为改善采煤机喷雾降尘效果,利用Pro/Engineer建立了喷嘴的三维模型,选用标准的k-ε湍流模型,通过计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真软件Fluent对喷嘴内部流场进行了数值模拟。比较喷嘴在不同入口压力参数及不同内部结构参数下的内流场情况,明确了参数变化与其内部流场的关系,对采煤机喷嘴结构的优化设计有一定的参考价值。     

基于FLUENT的磨料水射流抛光喷嘴的流场仿真

针对三种典型结构的磨料水射流喷嘴,基于多相流动的VOF模型,利用计算机流体力学的方法对磨料射流系统的高压水射流流场进行两相流的数值模拟,分析对比了三种结构喷嘴流场的速度、压力、紊动强度等参数。结果表明,锥柱形喷嘴具有较优的综合性能,适合作为磨料水射流抛光的宝石喷嘴;在锥柱形结构的基础上,针对三种不同的收缩角进行了数值模拟,结果表明,30度收缩角具有较优的射流特性。     

Numerical modeling of turbulent nonpremixed lifted flames

The present study has focused on numerical investigation on the flame structure, flame lift-off and stabilization in the partially premixed turbulent lifted jet flames. Since the lifted jet flames have the partially premixed nature in the flow region between nozzle exit and flame base, level set approach is applied to simulate the partially premixed turbulent lifted jet flames for various fuel jet velocities and co-flow velocities. The flame stabilization mechanism and the flame structure near flame base are presented in detail. The predicted lift-off heights are compared with the measured ones.     

Effects of the geometric orientations of the nozzle exit on the breakup of free liquid jet

Free liquid jets are produced through various geometric orientations of the nozzle exit. The breakup lengths of liquid jets under various geometric orientations of the nozzle exit were studied. Images of jets were captured using a high-speed camera with a maximum frame rate of 1000 frames per second and were analyzed to determine the dynamics between jets and breakup lengths. The breakup length of jets changes with the cut angle of the nozzle exit. In addition, adding polymer reduces the effect of the cut angle of the nozzle exit on the breakup length for an entire range of velocities. The effect of the cut angle on breakup length is predominant for aqueous solutions with surfactants. This work provides motivation for further computational research to study jet dynamics in a partially covered nozzle exit, such as the case in which the boundary conditions near the nozzle opening is more complex with the cut angle and its vertex position, which directly reflects liquid jet dynamics.     

Jet flow characteristics of sinusoidal wavy nozzles

The flow characteristics of jets issued from a sinusoidal nozzle with in-phase and 180° out-of-phase exit configurations were investigated using PIV (particle image velocimetry) and flow visualization techniques. The experiments were carried out at a Reynolds number of about 6300 based on the mean width of the jet nozzle. Compared to a normal rectangular jet, the sinusoidal nozzle jets have smaller velocity deficits as the flow goes downstream. In addition, the turbulence intensity is suppressed in the horizontal center plane. For the case of in-phase wavy nozzle jet, the length of the potential core exhibits small variations along the lateral direction, while the 180° out-of-phase wavy nozzle jet shows large lateral variation in the length of potential core. The turbulent kinetic energy of the 180° out-ofphase nozzle jet also shows sinusoidal variation in the horizontal planes. Large-scale vortices shed from the sinusoidal edge of the nozzle interact strongly and migrate toward the center plane as the flow develops downstream.     

大型储罐清洗喷嘴的数值模拟研究

针对石油储罐机械清洗过程中射流发散严重、有效靶距过短、清洗效果差的问题,现将一种含中心体式喷嘴应用到储罐清洗中。运用Fluent软件对含中心体的储罐清洗喷嘴内外流场进行了数值模拟仿真,过程中选用K-ε紊流模型和SIMPLEC算法进行了数值计算,采用Mixture多相流模型和非结构化网格对含中心体喷嘴和圆柱形喷嘴进行了对比模拟评价。研究结果表明,含中心体喷嘴沿射流方向的轴心速度逐渐增大,射流在计算域内未发散,有效靶距得到了提高。相比于圆柱形喷嘴,含中心体的喷嘴出口截面射流半径缩小了13.7%,聚束性得到了提高,打击力得到了更好的保持,因而能更好地满足大型储罐清洗的要求。     

Measurement of turbulent supersonic steam jet flow characteristics using TDLAS

Ejectors have no moving parts and are preferable to mechanical compressors in many applications, but ejectors typically have a relatively low efficiency. To aid in the ejector design process, thorough understanding of the turbulent mixing of multi-phase compressible jets is beneficial.This paper reports experimental results for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) measurements derived from an axisymmetric supersonic steam jet apparatus.In this experimental work, a supersonic steam jet nozzle exit of a diameter 13.6 mm was surrounded by a low-speed flow of dry nitrogen. The TDLAS system was traversed through the flow at three different planes downstream from the ejector nozzle exit: 15, 20, and 30 mm distance. At each of the three planes, line-of-sight measurements were made with the laser passing through locations between 0 and 15 mm from the jet centreline.Through the analysis of the TDLAS data and application of the Abel inversion method, the radial distribution of the pressure, temperature, and the concentration of the water-vapour were obtained. The key findings are that it is possible to determine key physical parameters using experimental TDLAS measurements when combined with a suitable numerical optimization approach.     

Stereoscopic-PIV measurement of turbulent jets issuing from a sharp-edged circular nozzle with multiple triangular tabs

Three-dimensional (3D) flow structures of a turbulent jet issuing from a sharp-edged circular nozzle having multiple triangular tabs are experimentally studied by employing a stereoscopic-PIV (SPIV) system. Two different sharp-edged jet nozzles having 4 and 8 tabs are investigated at a jet Reynolds number of Re = 10,000. The SPIV measurements are carried out at 5 different cross-sectional planes along the jet direction. Spatial distributions of turbulent statistics including mean velocity, mean vorticity, and turbulent kinetic energy are obtained at each cross-sectional plane. The jet entrainment rate showing the mixing of the jet and ambient fluids is also estimated using the measured 3D velocity field information. As a result, the jet issuing from the nozzle with 4 tabs shows better turbulent mixing effect at further downstream position than the 8 tabs case because of the reduced reciprocal interactions of the streamwise vortices that promote the turbulent dissipation.     

基本式和差动式旋转执行器研究 

基于磁控形状记忆合金（MSMA）直线执行器的研究,提出了基本式和差动式两种类型的MSMA旋转执行器。分别介绍了两种执行器的工作原理、结构和控制策略,推导了执行器的位移和转速公式,绘制出了MSMA元件的相对磁导率与磁通密度的关系曲线。在磁场有限元分析的基础上设计并研制了旋转执行器样机,比较了不同结构和不同控制策略下样机的实验速度曲线。样机的实验结果验证了MSMA旋转执行器工作机理的正确性和设计方法的可行性。     

基于FLUENT的后混合磨料水射流喷嘴内流场的数值模拟

以后混合磨料水射流喷嘴为研究对象,基于多相流动的欧拉模型,应用FLUENT流体分析软件对几种典型后混合磨料喷嘴的内流场进行数值模拟和仿真,得到压力分布、速度分布、湍流能量分布.结果表明:喷嘴内由于涡旋的形成损耗了部分能量,使得射流出口速度和动能明显降低;存在一个最优圆柱长度使得磨料出口速度达到最大值,其长度为喷嘴出口直径的23～37倍时,磨料得到最高的出口速度;喷嘴内流体紊动能的分布主要集中在喷嘴近壁区和几何形状变化较大的区域.     

The effect of the secondary annular stream on supersonic jet

The present study addresses an experimental investigation of the near field flow structures of supersonic, dual, coaxial, free, jet, which is discharged from the coaxial annular nozzle. The secondary stream is made from the annular nozzle of a design Mach number of 1.0 and the primary inner stream from a convergent-divergent nozzle. The objective of the present study is to investigate the interactions between the secondary stream and inner supersonic jets. The resulting flow fields are quantified by pitot impact and static pressure measurements and are visualized by using a shadowgraph optical method. The pressure ratios of the primary jet are varied to obtain over-expanded flows and moderately under-expanded flows at the exit of the coaxial nozzle. The pressure ratio of the secondary annular stream is varied between 1.0 and 4.0. The results show that the secondary annular stream significantly changes the Mach disc diameter and location, and the impact pressure distributions. The effects of the secondary annular stream on the primary supersonic jet flow are strongly dependent on whether the primary jet is underexpanded or over-expanded at the exit of the coaxial nozzle.