共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Design is described as creative design problem solving. The first step of the design process is to identify and analyze the
design problem. This step has an important influence on the creation of an effective design solution. In two experiments,
we tested the benefits that sketching provides during the analysis process in design problem solving. In particular, this
paper focuses on the design process, the act of sketching, the sketch itself, and the final product. In prior studies, the
process of sketching has been shown to enhance the construction of a mental representation, and thus the sketch has improved
the analysis of the problem. The memory supporting effect of sketches is verified in the second experiment discussed in this
paper. Finally, this paper also discusses the support possibilities the sketch offers for the early stages of the design process. 相似文献
2.
Design Support Using Distributed Web-Based AI Tools 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Paul A. Rodgers Avon P. Huxor Nicholas H. M. Caldwell 《Research in Engineering Design》1999,11(1):31-44
Currently, designers are faced with searching through a ‘sea’ of on-line knowledge to support their decision making activities.
This paper describes WebCADET, which is a reimplementation of the stand-alone CADET – a Knowledge-Based System (KBS) for product
design evaluation. WebCADET aims to provide effective and efficient support for designers during their searches for design
knowledge. WebCADET uses the ‘AI as text’ approach, where KBSs can be seen as a medium to facilitate the communication of
design knowledge between designers. The development of WebCADET to include practical support via World Wide Web-based functionality,
which illustrates the potential of the ‘AI as text’ approach, is described in the paper. 相似文献
3.
Structure and Matrix Models for Tolerance Analysis from Configuration to Detail Design 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
A substantial amount of all quality problems that arise during assembly can be referred back to the geometrical design, and
especially the geometrical concept of the product, i.e. the way in which parts are designed and located with each other. Special
emphasis should thus be put on geometry design, especially during the early design phases, to try to find robust concepts
and avoid solutions that may cause down-stream production problems.
This paper presents a generic set of evaluation tools for robust geometry design encountering (i) potential tolerance chain
detection in configuration design, (ii) assembly robustness evaluation in concept design, and (iii) tolerance sensitivity
analysis in detail design. Special attention is given to the development of a new matrix-based evaluation tool for the configuration
design part. The tool presented is based on a new way of representing geometry variation constraints in an enhanced function-means
tree structure model. Different parts of the function-means tree that are of interest for analysis purposes are then extracted
and converted to matrix representation. The reason for doing this is that the structure model is most suitable for modeling,
but becomes unsuitable for analysis as the model complexity increases. For this latter purpose, the matrix representation
is far better. The use of the different tools is demonstrated in the design of a new vehicle front system for which the geometry
a priori
is unknown. 相似文献
4.
Snap-fits are often designed using guides that rely on classic beam theory, with the basic assumption that the beam undergoes
small rotations and displacements. This is a poor assumption, for they typically experience both large rotations and displacements
due to loading offset from the neutral axis and axial loading. This paper investigates the performance of the post & dome
feature, establishes its nomenclature, and derives the equations needed to intelligently design different variations of it.
The post & dome feature was selected for analysis because it is a high performance snap-fit that is self-datuming and can
withstand some shear loading in addition to retention. The design equations were generated in three steps. First, an experimental
array was created using a design of experiments approach. Finite element methods and multiple regression techniques were used
in lieu of beam equations models for each of the trials in the experimental array. Finally, response surface methods were
used to develop response curves based on the performance data generated by the finite element models. Sensitivity data was
plotted for both the main effects and selected variable interactions. The traditional benchmarks for defining high performance
snap-fits are retention strength, insertion force, and insertion strain. This paper uses an expanded definition of these benchmarks
that also includes locking ratio (the ratio of retention force to insertion force). 相似文献
5.
In this paper, related product functions are determined for a group of approximately 70 consumer products. Using customer
need data, a new matrix approach is introduced to identify these relationships. Techniques are then created for determining
product similarity. These techniques are clarified and validated through three case studies, including beverage brewers and
material-removal products. The results of these case studies are argued to have significant impact on design-by-analogy procedures,
benchmarking methods, mass customization strategies and modular design. The paper concludes with a discussion of applications
and related procedures for product development. 相似文献
6.
7.
We have developed a taxonomy that classifies those needs of a corporation that impact product design. We call these needs
corporate requirements. In contrast to the consumer or end-user requirements, corporate requirements come from internal sources
such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, and service. This taxonomy allows for an organized method of gathering, managing,
and retrieving the requirements. The taxonomy also helps to facilitate a broader, clearer form of Quality Function Deployment.
Generic in nature, this taxonomy provides a template with which to create taxonomies for a given product within a given company
or industry. We include an industrial case study to demonstrate this concept. 相似文献
8.
Serdar Tumkor 《Research in Engineering Design》2000,12(3):163-171
The Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) are evolving as an important communication technology. This paper examines the development
of an Internet-based online catalogue on the WWW. An interactive website is prepared that helps a remote designer to design
shafts and bearings based on various input parameters provided. The web site also provides solid models of the shaft to perform
CAD and FEM analysis. This permits the user to make further investigations, and helps to modify the design satisfactory. 相似文献
9.
Graham Coates Robert Ian Whitfield Alex H. B. Duffy Bill Hills 《Research in Engineering Design》2000,12(2):73-89
This is the second of two papers surveying research in coordination approaches and systems. This paper is concerned with operational
coordination, which is aimed at coordinating activities such that the design process can be performed in a near optimal manner
with respect to time, and the allocation and utilisation of resources. Aspects of coordination categorised as operational
include resource management, scheduling and planning. The first of these two papers presents a review of coordination from
a strategic perspective, which is concerned with the decision management aspects of coordination. Greater emphasis is now
being placed on the significance of organising the design process as this affects time to market, product quality, cost, and
consequently product success. The aim of this paper is to present a fundamental review of operational coordination approaches
and systems. The 1990s has seen much progress being made towards a greater understanding and appreciation of coordination
in various disciplines through the development of a wide range of approaches and systems. However, there remains a requirement
to formally identify the key issues involved in coordination such that a widely accepted representation can be agreed upon.
Consequently, research should continue to be supported in the exploration for a unified approach to coordination which will
permit a broader and greater understanding of those aspects involved. 相似文献
10.
During engineering processes, many kinds and amounts of information are used and produced. Such information is useful in successive
cases, and thus its reuse is desired. In this paper, information on attributes of the products is referred to as ‘product
information’, and information on the reasons for and/or history of a designer’s thought process is referred to as ‘process
information’. According to this classification, process information can be used for obtaining an explanation of product information.
The purpose of this work is to build a database, called an ‘engineering history base’, from which engineers can retrieve explanations
to enable the reuse of product information. In this paper, explanation from the ‘process’ viewpoint is thought to be important
in promoting the reuse of product information. There are two types of explanation for the process: teleological and causal.
However, until now, little attention has been paid to the causal explanation for the process. Thus, in this paper, an information
model which focuses on both types of explanation is proposed. The model is adopted for the engineering history base and a
prototype system is developed. The appropriateness of this model is discussed by analyzing the actual data in the development
of a color video printer. 相似文献
11.
Beth Adelson 《Research in Engineering Design》1999,11(3):133-144
This work applies a theory-based framework of collaborative negotiation to some of the disputes that regularly arise during
group design. Although the framework was developed to provide general support for group work, this paper focuses on its use
as a design tool. The framework, embodied in our system NegotiationLens, has four facets. It:
1. Provides a negotiation method intended to produce gain for all parties.
2. Provides an efficient process for conflict resolution.
3. Develops working alliances.
4. Lets parties decide quickly when they should go their separate ways.
The framework produces the above results by:
• Helping parties develop well-reasoned and clearly articulated points of view (Adelson and Jordan, 1991; Conklin and Yakemovic,
1991; Conklin and Begeman, 1988; MacLean
et al
., 1991).
• Creating a context of committment and respect.
• Moving negotiating parties away from an adversarial stance and into a collaboration.
• Allowing joint construction of solutions that are more beneficial than the unilateral solutions each party initially brought
to the table.
We present our framework for collaborative negotiation, describe NegotiationLens, and present two cases in which it was used.
We present a third case, a large design project with recurrent design conflicts, and argue how NegotiationLens could have
been of benefit there. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, a novel technique is presented to solve tolerance design problems. To achieve the desired performance tolerance,
the technique uses a subtle, but significant, change in the design: the addition of a tuning parameter in place of an increase
in component precision. Statistical models are used to develop a framework for the tuning parameter design method. Also developed
is a new, dimensionless design metric which ranks candidate tuning parameters. A step-by-step method is developed for the
application of tuning parameters using this metric. The step-by-step tuning parameter design method is applied to a heavy-duty
manual stapler as a clarifying example. 相似文献
13.
This paper, written in memory of Professor Wolfgang Beitz, discusses some of the influences of the work undertaken in Germany
on systematic engineering design. It highlights differences between the language regions, and gives examples of design research
and design education linked to Konstruktionslehre– the standard text on systematic engineering design for which Professor Beitz was most widely recognised outside Germany.
The paper finishes with a plea for a greater exchange of ideas. 相似文献
14.
Matthew I. Campbell Jonathan Cagan Kenneth Kotovsky 《Research in Engineering Design》1999,11(3):172-192
This paper provides an introduction to a new design methodology known as A-Design, which combines aspects of multi-objective
optimization, multi-agent systems, and automated design synthesis. The A-Design theory is founded on the notion that engineering
design occurs in interaction with an ever-changing environment, and therefore computer tools developed to aid in the design
process should be adaptive to these changes. In this paper, A-Design is introduced along with some simple test problems to
demonstrate the capabilities of different aspects of the theory. The theory of A-Design is then shown as the basis for a design
tool that adaptively creates electro-mechanical configuration designs for changing user preferences. 相似文献
15.
Robert Ian Whitfield Graham Coates Alex H. B. Duffy Bill Hills 《Research in Engineering Design》2000,12(1):48-60
This is the first part of a two-part paper presenting a fundamental review and summary of research of design coordination
and cooperation technologies. The theme of this review is aimed at the research conducted within the decision management aspect
of design coordination. The focus is therefore on the strategies involved in making decisions and how these strategies are
used to satisfy design requirements. The paper reviews research within collaborative and coordinated design, project and workflow
management, and, task and organization models. The research reviewed has attempted to identify fundamental coordination mechanisms
from different domains, however it is concluded that domain independent mechanisms need to be augmented with domain specific
mechanisms to facilitate coordination. Part II is a review of design coordination from an operational perspective. 相似文献
16.
A Theory of Complexity, Periodicity and the Design Axioms 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Nam P. Suh 《Research in Engineering Design》1999,11(2):116-132
One of the topics that has received the attention of mathematicians, scientists and engineers is the notion of complexity.
The subject is still being debated, as it lacks a common definition of complexity, concrete theories that can predict complex
phenomena, and the mathematical tools that can deal with problems involving complexity. In axiomatic design, complexity is
defined only when specific functional requirements or the exact nature of the query are defined. Complexity is defined as
a measure of uncertainty in achieving a set of specific functions or functional requirements. Complexity is related to information,
which is defined in terms of the probability of success of achieving the Functional Requirements (FRs). There are two classes
of complexity: time-dependent complexity and time-independent complexity. There are two orthogonal components of time-independent
complexity, i.e., real complexity and imaginary complexity. The vector sum is called absolute complexity. Real complexity of coupled design is larger than that of uncoupled or decoupled designs. Imaginary complexity can be reduced
when the design matrix is known. As an example of time-independent imaginary complexity, the design of a printing machine
based on xerography is discussed. There are two kinds of time-dependent real complexity: time-dependent combinatorial complexity and time-dependent periodic complexity. Using a robot-scheduling problem as an example, it is shown that a coupled design with a combinatorial complexity can be
reduced to a decoupled design with periodic complexity. The introduction of periodicity simplifies the design by making it
deterministic, which requires much less information. Whenever a combinatorial complexity is converted to a periodic complexity,
complexity and uncertainty is reduced and design simplified. 相似文献
17.
This paper outlines the development of an effective and consistent ‘designing-in-quality’ strategy that can be used to deal
with concepts of uncertainty, quality and robustness in engineering design. Specifically, this paper presents a decision analysis-based
robust design metric that seamlessly integrates objective evaluations on the goodness of a design alternative with the designer’s
intent and preferences. This is achieved through the development of a set of performance-reflecting dominance indices for
the attributes and their utilization in a preference-influenced multiattribute utility formulation. Such a knowledge feedback-based
decision model development will be particularly useful when dealing with complex iteration-based engineering design process
where little information on the expected outcomes may be known a priori, or where product performance is computationally expensive to evaluate. Application of this robust design metric in a multi-stage
experimentation and modeling design process is presented. The characteristics of the proposed design metric and the effectiveness
of the overall design procedure in dealing with constrained engineering design problems are examined with the aid of demonstrative
case studies and the results are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Current market conditions require design and manufacturing companies to continually increase product functionality, reduce
design cycles, decrease cost and improve quality. One way to improve quality is to minimize the impact part and process variation
has on final product quality. Although companies know they must reduce variation, they are still struggling with executing
coherent variation management strategies. To understand why companies still fail to systematically address variation, an ideal
model of variation management is proposed, entitled Variation Risk Management (VRM). This model was used to assess the state of industry practice. These results are compared to the current literature
available on the subject. It was found that many problems with industry implementation are due to a lack of quantitative models
that enable a design team to make quick and accurate decisions. This paper concludes with a list of interesting challenges
facing the VRM field. 相似文献
19.
Information technology is the foundation for collaborative design. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of the current
research on product modeling, and a schema for a Design-Oriented Model (DOM) containing functional, structural and management
data is proposed. The functional data explains the design purpose, function, object behavior and design rationale; the management
data is for keeping the consistency of the model data, capturing the evolution process and controlling the operation action
and authority; the structural data is the core of the model data. The integration of functional and management data directs
the model towards design integration in place of application integration. The modeling system adopts the Component Agent (CA)
mechanism that represents a complex product in an intelligent, autonomous hierarchy. A CA encapsulates the DOM data and consists
of a definer, a communicator, an adaptor and a manager. These units are responsible for defining the model data, interacting
with other agents, deriving special data and managing the constraints, version, authority and operation. Finally, several
aspect supporting the collaborative design enabled by the CADOM (CA-based DOM) are discussed, as the multi-views model, the
semantics communication between perspectives, the dynamic constraints management, the version and authority management, and
the product and process integration. The discussion indicate that the model is an information infrastructure with more capabilities
for collaborative design. 相似文献
20.
Designing Assemblies 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
D. E. Whitney R. Mantripragada J. D. Adams S.J. Rhee 《Research in Engineering Design》1999,11(4):229-253
This paper presents a theory to support the design of assemblies. It brings together prior work in a new synthesis, resulting
in a top-down process for designing assemblies so that they deliver geometric Key Characteristics (KCs) that achieve top level
customer requirements. The theory applies to assemblies that take the form of mechanisms (e.g. engines) or structures (e.g.
aircraft fuselages), but has less relevance to assemblies that take the form of connective or distributive systems (e.g. hydraulic
piping). The theory shows how kinematically constrained (statically determinate) assemblies can be unambiguously designed
to satisfy geometrically-defined customer requirements. The top-down process presented here begins by creating a kinematic
constraint structure and a systematic scheme by which parts are located in space relative to each other, followed by declaration
of assembly features that join parts in such a way as to create the desired constraint relationships. This process captures
design intent by creating a connective data model that contains information to support relevant analyses such as variation
buildup, constraint analysis, and establishment of constraint-consistent assembly sequences. Adjustable assemblies, assemblies
built using fixtures, and selective assemblies can also be described by this theory. Problems arising from multiple KCs and
KC conflict can be identified. Issues unresolved by the theory are also noted. 相似文献