自适应二代小波变换在振动信号降噪中的应用

小波分析技术已成功应用于振动信号的降噪处理。第二代小波变换是一种比Mallat算法更为有效的算法。文中介绍第二代小波变换的基本理论和特点,提出基于二代小波的线性适应性信号分解算法和尺度适应性信号分解算法,并将其应用于对含噪的齿轮箱振动信号进行降噪处理。结果证明,与其他降噪方法相比,使用线性适应性二代小波降噪后的信号具有最佳的信噪比和最低的重构误差。     

Mallat算法的光学实现方法

现有的光学小波变换方法均基于连续小波变换,基于离散信号的小波变换算法（Mallat算法）的光学小波变换还没有出现,这阻碍了光学小波变换应用的发展。针对这一问题,分析利用光学4f系统实现Mallat算法的基本原理,提出Mallat算法的光学实现方法。针对空间光调制器只能实现非负的实函数,且CCD只能记录光的强度,给出一种应用于光学4f系统的光学小波滤波器的设计方法。使用该种光学小波滤波器,利用光学4f系统实现Mallat算法的小波分解部分,并通过数值计算实现Mallat算法的小波重构部分。仿真分析和光学实验结果验证了方法的正确性。     

Mallat算法的光学实现

提出了Mallat算法的光学实现方法.针对振幅型空间光调制器只能实现非负的实函数,且CCD只能记录光的强度,提出一种应用于光学4f系统的光学小波滤波器的设计方法.根据采样间距,基于张量积方法由一维小波滤波器系数构造二维小波滤波函数.然后通过拆分、傅里叶变换与归一化,得到非负的实函数形式的频域小波滤波器.最后,给出相应的光学小波变换后处理方法.使用该种光学小波滤波器及其相应的后处理方法,利用光学4f系统实现Mallat算法的小波分解部分,并通过数值计算实现Mallat算法的小波重构部分.仿真实验结果表明,通过本文提出的方法在理论上能够高精度地重构输人图像;在引入光学器件量化误差的条件下,平均重构PSNR为54.27 dB.利用实际的光学4f系统进行光学实验,也能以良好的质量重构输入图像.仿真分析和光学实验结果验证了方法的正确性.     

第二代小波变换在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

不同类型的机械故障在振动信号中会反映出不同的波形特征 ,选用不适当的小波基函数会冲淡故障的特征信息 ,给故障诊断造成困难。第二代小波变换可以通过设计预测系数和提升系数获得具有某种特性的小波基函数。本文介绍了第二代小波变换的原理 ,研究了预测系数和提升系数与低通和高通滤波器系数之间的关系 ,根据信号的特征构造了基于插值细分方法的双正交小波 ,在旋转机械的轴系不对中故障诊断中取得了满意的效果。     

基于M带小波变换的焊接熔池图像边缘检测

利用M带小波变换理论对CO2焊图像进行处理。基于Mallat小波模极大值边缘检测技术，研究了熔池边缘和焊缝位置的M带小波检测方法及算法实现，对边缘检测结果进行了分析。对CO2焊图像处理结果表明，用M带小波变换理论构造的小波基对提取熔池边缘和焊缝位置效果较好，可用于熔深控制、焊缝跟踪等领域。     

基于小波变换的非线性负载畸变电能计量研究

随着大量冲击性载荷接入电网,电网低压侧信号出现非正弦畸变,严重威胁电网稳定运行。传统电能表多基于正弦信号进行计量,畸变信号会导致漏计大量电能,给电网带来经济损失。基于国内外研究进展,建立了电网信号数学模型,分析了畸变信号下功率的组成成分。采用提升小波变换算法对畸变信号进行处理,验证了db4小波电能计量方法的准确性。研究表明:相比较于快速傅里叶变换和第一代小波变换,db4提升小波变换的基波功率值更接近于理论值。     

小波分析在模拟电路故障特征提取中的应用

针对模拟电路故障特征提取,提出了在小波变换Mallat算法的基础上,结合快速傅里叶变换的方法.该方法选用dbN小波,利用Mallat算法将信号分解,得到一系列高频和低频子带,分别对各子带进行快速傅里叶变换,从而得到各子带上信号的频谱.文章给出了采用该方法的基本步骤和应用实例,应用表明该方法可以有效辨别模拟电路参数型故障,准确得到故障特征.     

基于提升小波和递推LSSVM的实时故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于提升小波(LW)与递推最小二乘支持向量机(RISSVM)相集合的实时故障诊断方法(LW-RLSSVM).该方法首先通过提升小波变换对数据实时去噪,再通过实时算法训练最小二乘支持向量机分类器.由于采用了递推算法,节省了存储空间和运算时间,同时增加了诊断模型的适应性.为验证所提方法的有效性,将LW-RLSSVM应用于TE过程和青霉素发酵过程.实验结果表明,LW-RLSSVM集合方法能有效实现实时故障诊断,在诊断速度和适应性方面,优于基于第一代小波与LSSVM相集合(W-LSSVM)的故障诊断方法;在诊断精度等方面,该方法优于LSSVM、RLSSVM等方法.     

星载遥感图像JPEG2000压缩算法的去量化

随着空间技术的发展,空间遥感图像的数据量呈几何级数增加.为了满足JPEG2000星载遥感图像压缩系统的实时性要求,提出了一种对压缩算法进行优化和改进的方法.分析了离散小波变换后拉伸提升算法和JPEG2000量化算法.然后,通过一个新的拉伸量化因子将量化过程与后拉伸小波变换中的提升过程结合起来,减少了JPEG2000压缩算法的量化操作.最后,介绍了去量化处理方法的定点实现.实验结果表明:应用去量化处理方法可以使JPEG2000压缩算法中拉伸和量化过程所需要的时间降低50%,提升了JPEG2000星载遥感图像压缩系统的实时处理能力.     

基于小波分析的齿轮故障诊断方法的研究

主要研究了小波变换中小波的Mallat算法,并将其应用到齿轮的故障诊断之中,对微弱机械振动信号进行分析.有效地完成了微弱信号的提取,对故障特征信号进行了时域定位,试验结果表明了该分析方法的有效性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.