欧洲“桥”——汉堡

汉堡是德国的第二大城市，拥有欧洲最大的港口之一，优越的地理位置造就了他国际大都市的地位。全城约有2500座，是欧洲拥有最多桥梁的城市。在形形色色的桥梁中游客可以领略到不同设计灵感所带来的风情和魅力。     

新产品

正1日本推出女性专用汉堡包装纸吃汉堡不再害羞在异性面前也可以以干净利落形象吃汉堡包的方法产生了。快餐店Freshness Burger的最大汉堡Classic BurgerL以低成本巧妙地解决了这一难题,既装汉堡又能让上面印的笑脸在你吃东西时挡住你的嘴,特别为端庄女性使用的汉堡包装纸。最近网络社区上传了以"女性汉堡包装纸"为题的照片,照片中是一位正在吃汉堡的     

2010年我国集装箱吞吐将达1．4亿标箱

不久前在上海召开的第24届世界港口大会上，交通部部长张春贤透露，我国港口集装箱吞吐量在1980年零的基础上猛增到2004年的6180万标准箱，而到2010年，这个数字将达1．4亿标准箱。这意味着，未来6年内的箱量增长水平即为以往从未达到过的水平。     

上海港面临的挑战和未来发展之路

上海港的货物吞吐量和集装箱吞吐量均已位居世界第一。然而,随着经济的发展对港口需求的增加、周边港口的日益发展、1.8×104箱超大型集装箱船舶及4×105t超大型散货船的问世,上海港自身的自然条件约束日益显现,尤其是发展的空间几乎枯竭。为了寻找上海港发展的出路,上海各方已做了一些前期工作,形成共识的是在横沙建港较为适宜。本文详细分析了上海港面临的困境,并以上海横沙东滩为依托,构想了上海港未来发展之路。     

横沙深水新港市场化建设机制的探索

为推动上海国际航运中心的建设,本文构想在横沙东滩开展上海深水新港的规划建设,并推动现有港口管理体制和建设机制进行改革,实现新的突破。通过回顾、分析、对比和总结我国各大港口及国外主要港口建设机制的成功经验,从效益及可行性等方面,为构想中的横沙深水新港实施市场化的建设机制提出了建议,同时提出了建设"上海自由港"的设想。     

迈向中国自动化的灿烂篇章——专访西门子（中国）有限公司自动化与驱动（A＆D）集团管理团队

“自动化之光-未来城（ExiderDome）”移动展览馆于11月4日在上海新国际展览中心首次亮相，与上海工业博览会（SIF2005）同期开幕，于12月1日在亚洲国际工厂自动化技术与设备展览会（FAA2005）闭幕时结束。10月17日，本刊记者有幸成为了世界上第一批参观“自动化之光-未来城”的观众，在“未来城”中深刻体验激动和震憾，并荣幸地在“未来城”中与西门子（中国）A＆D集团管理团队共论未来。[编者按]     

浅析港口功能的发展

从港口的代际划分及其功能,介绍了各代港口的主要内涵特征。结合系统的观点,为配合现代化物流的发展,提出未来港口的发展趋势。     

揭秘台北花博“未来馆”

<正>2010台北国际花卉博览会"未来馆"13日向媒体揭开神秘面纱。在这个展览型温室里,观众可以穿梭原始、接轨未来,与1700种、3万余株植物进行亲密体验。"未来馆"是花博会14个展馆中首个保持10到30摄氏度温差、同时     

“读视听”出版新模式亮相上海书展

日前,一种结合了最新数字交互技术,将传统纸质出版物与互联网、移动通讯整合在一起,手机扫一扫,可以随身“读视听”的出版新模式在2013上海书展《走街穿巷忆旧事》贺友直画说老上海系列出版物展位亮相,吸引了读者关注。
　　《走街穿巷忆旧事》贺友直画说老上海系列出版物一改传统画册形式出版,而是结合最新数字交互技术,将传统纸质出版物与互联网、移动通讯整合在一起,手机扫一扫,便可以随身“读视听”。融合绘画、史料、摄影、视频、音频等多元化的传播形式,信息量得以延伸和扩展。通过二维码和WIFI网络的应用向观众传递多重的海派文化信息,让观众在阅读、欣赏活动中运用新科技与文化互动。     

论述北部湾港口物流的现状及发展方向

随着世界经济一体化,物流的内涵正在逐渐扩大,港口作为全球综合运输网络的节点,其功能也在不断拓宽,在发展现代物流中,扮演着越来越重要的角色。为适应经济全球化的需要,现代港口需要不断完善其物流职能,因此,研究现代港口物流功能完善的策略具有非常重要的意义。文章主要对我国港口物流的发展现状及未来发展战略问题进行了探讨,概述了港口物流的概念,介绍了港口物流的特点,说明了我国港口物流的发展现状及存在问题,并对现代国内几大港口的现状进行分析。     

Terrestrial gamma radioactivity levels and their corresponding extent exposure of environmental samples from Wadi El Assuity protective area, Assuit, Upper Egypt

Representative environmental samples (sandy soil, limestone, marble and gravels) collected from Wadi El Assuity, protective area, Assuit governorate in Upper Egypt have been investigated radiometrically using NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The specific activity of the radionuclides in Bq kg?1 for soil ranged between 10.5 and 18.7 for 22?Ra, 1.5 to 4.6 for 232Th and from 94 to 107 for ??K, for limestone ranged between 19 and 27.1 for 22?Ra, 32.9 to 50 for 232Th and from 49 to 7 3 for ??K, where, for marble ranged between 12.2 and 30.7 for 22?Ra, 32.6 to 59.5 for 232Th and 55 to 70 for ??K and for gravels ranged between 7.8 and 21.8 for 22?Ra, 19.8 to 30.0 for 232Th and from 151 to 260 for ??K. The mean activity concentrations of measured radionuclides were compared with other literature values. The absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity and external hazard index were calculated and compared with internationally recommended values. The gamma absorbed dose rates in the samples ranged between 8.44 and 50.89 nGy h?1. These dose rates are consistent with the accepted worldwide average 55 nGy h?1 for the public. All values obtained for radium equivalent activity are < 370 Bq kg?1, which are acceptable for safe use. The calculated values of external hazard index obtained varied from 0.12 to 0.24. Since these values are lower than unity, one can say that the radiation hazard is insignificant for the population living in the investigated area. This permits the use of these materials sediments as building materials in any probable development projects at this area.     

顶空气相色谱法测定盐酸法舒地尔中有机溶剂残留量

本文应用顶空进样方式,DB-624毛细管柱分离,FID检测器,外标法定量测定盐酸法舒地尔中乙醚,甲醇,二氯甲烷残留量,结果3个组分完全分离.分离度为甲醇,乙醚之间为19.0,乙醚和二氯甲烷之间为20.8.在所考察的线性范嗣内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r分别为甲醇0.9993,乙醚为0.9997,二氯甲烷为0.9963...     

Quantitative analysis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors in cell lysates using MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry

In this report we explore the use of MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of five HIV-1 protease inhibitors in cell lysates. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) was used as the matrix. From a quantitative perspective, DHB is usually a poor matrix due to its poor shot-to-shot and poor spot-to-spot reproducibilities. We found that the quantitative precisions improved significantly when DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) was added to the matrix solution. For lopinavir and ritonavir, currently the most frequently prescribed HIV-1 protease inhibitors, the signal-to-noise ratios improved significantly when potassium iodide was added to the matrix solution. The mean quantitative precisions, expressed as % relative standard deviation, were 6.4% for saquinavir, 7.3% for lopinavir, 8.5% for ritonavir, 11.1% for indinavir, and 7.2% for nelfinavir. The mean quantitative accuracies, expressed as % deviation, were 4.5% for saquinavir, 6.0% for lopinavir, 5.9% for ritonavir, 6.6% for indinavir, and 8.0% for nelfinavir. The concentrations measured for the individual quality control samples were all within 85-117% of the theoretical concentrations. The lower limits of quantification in cell lysates were 4 fmol/microL for saquinavir, 16 fmol/microL for lopinavir, 31 fmol/microL for ritonavir, and 100 fmol/microL for indinavir and nelfinavir. The mean mass accuracies for the protease inhibitors were 0.28 ppm using external calibration. Our results show that MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry can be successfully used for precise, accurate, and selective quantitative analyses of HIV-1 protease inhibitors in cell lysates. In addition, the lower limits of quantification obtained allow clinical applications of the technique.     

Schichten über Schichten

Films over films: innovative coatings for complex applications Thin films and coatings have developed as a prerequisite for many technical applications. In this paper, some applications for electrical, electronic, biomedical and optical applications are presented. In this contribution, examples for coatings for conductive and transparent films in photovoltaics, films for biomedical electrodes, for semiconductor contacts and for high‐temperature contacts are presented and discussed. The films are prepared by magnetron‐sputtering and pulsed laser deposition. The influence of the processing parameters on the functional properties of the films is presented.     

A model for the transfer of alkaline earth elements to the fetus.

A biokinetic model has been developed for the transfer of calcium, strontium, barium and radium to the human fetus. For the mother, ICRP models were adapted for pregnancy to include increases in gastrointestinal absorption, urinary excretion and bone turnover rates. The fetus was modelled with blood, soft tissue and bone compartments. Fetal requirements for Ca were determined by skeletal calcification, and recyling between fetal and maternal blood was inlcluded. Daily transfer of Sr, Ba and Ra to the fetus was taken to be lower than for Ca by factors of 0.6 for Sr and 0.4 for Ba and Ra. For acute intakes in late pregnancy at 35 weeks after conception, when maximum transfer occurs, the model predicts whole-body fetus:mother concentration ratios (C(F):C(M)) of 18 for Ca, 8 for Sr and 2 for Ba and Ra, respectively. Estimates of committed equivalent doses to the red bone marrow of offspring, including in utero and postnatal dose, after maternal ingestion in late pregnancy, were greater than corresponding doses in adults by factors of 20-31 for 45Ca, 2-3 for 90Sr and 3-4 for 226Ra but slightly lower (0.8-1.9) for 133Ba.     

Consistency of MGEX Orbit and Clock Products

The analysis centers of the Multi-GNSS Pilot Project of the International GNSS Service provide orbit and clock products for the global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou, as well as for the Japanese regional Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS). Due to improved solar radiation pressure modeling and other more sophisticated models, the consistency of these products has improved in recent years. The current orbit consistency between different analysis centers is on the level of a few centimeters for GPS, around one decimeter for GLONASS and Galileo, a few decimeters for BeiDou-2, and several decimeters for QZSS. The clock consistency is about 2 cm for GPS, 5 cm for GLONASS and Galileo, and 10 cm for BeiDou-2. In terms of carrier phase modeling error for precise point positioning, the various products exhibit consistencies of 2–3 cm for GPS, 6–14 cm for GLONASS, 3–10 cm for Galileo, and 10–17 cm for BeiDou-2.     

Patient skin dosimetry in haemodynamic and electrophysiology interventional cardiology

With the increase in number and complexity of interventional cardiology (IC) procedures, it is important to monitor skin dose in order to decrease skin injuries. This study investigated radiation doses for patients undergoing IC procedures, compare results with the literature and define a local dose-area product trigger level for operators to identify situations likely to exceed the threshold for transient skin erythema of 2 Gy. Dosimetric data were collected for 77 haemodynamic and 90 electrophysiological procedures. Mean maximum local skin doses (MSDs) were 0.28 Gy for coronary angiography, 1.03 Gy for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 0.03 Gy for pacemaker insertion, 0.17 Gy for radiofrequency ablation for nodal tachycardia, 0.10 Gy for WPW and 0.22 Gy for atrial flutter. Since MSD values for the other procedures were well below the deterministic effect limit, a trigger level of 140 Gy cm2 was derived for PTCA procedures alone.     

Suggested diagnostic reference levels for paediatric X-ray examinations in India

Exposure of children to ionising radiation is considered to carry higher risk than that of adults; therefore a need to suggest diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for the common paediatric diagnostic X-ray procedures was recognised for the X-ray machines meeting the requirements of the recently implemented Safety Code for Medical Diagnostic X-ray Equipment and Installations in India. Measurements were carried out for entrance surface air kerma (free in air) in conventional paediatric X-ray diagnostic examinations among four age groups: <1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-15 y. A total of 2240 air kerma measurements at different fixed focus to skin distances were studied for 7 paediatric diagnostic examinations with 11 different projections on 62 X-ray machines installed in 22 selected hospitals in the country. The third quartile values of air kerma per paediatric examination for the age group of 5-9 y were considered as values of paediatric DRLs. The suggested values of DRLs are 0.2 mGy for chest AP/PA, 0.3 mGy for chest LAT, 0.7 mGy for lumber spine AP, 1.3 mGy for lumber spine LAT, 0.3 mGy for thoracic spine AP, 0.6 mGy for thoracic spine LAT, 0.5 mGy for abdomen AP, 0.7 mGy for pelvis AP, 0.6 mGy for skull PA, 0.5 mGy for skull LAT and 0.8 mGy for hip joints AP.     

The insulation of freezers and refrigerators— how thick should it be?Isolation des réfrigérateurs et des congélateurs — quelle doit être son épaisseur?

Calculations are presented for the insulation losses for a range of sizes of domestic freezers and refrigerators with different insulation thicknesses. Power consumptions are also evaluated allowing for other losses, such as around doors, for a normal load pattern, and for compressor efficiencies. It is shown that the scope for power savings with increased insulation is only about 20% for freezers and 30% for refrigerators.     

Occupational exposure to staff during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in Sudan

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure is an invasive technique that requires fluoroscopic and radiographic exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the occupational dose of ionising radiation at three gastroenterology departments (Fedial, Soba and Ibn seena hospitals) in Khartoum, Sudan. The radiation dose was measured during 55 therapeutic ERCP procedures. Thermoluminescence dosemeters were used. The mean radiation dose for the first operator was 0.27 mGy for the eye lens, 0.21 for the thyroid, 0.32 for the chest, 0.17 for the hand and 0.22 for the leg. The mean radiation dose for the second operator was 0.21 mGy for the hand and 0.20 mGy for the chest, while the mean radiation dose for the nurse was 0.44 mGy for the hand and 0.19 for the chest. The radiation dose received by the staff in these hospitals was found to be higher than most of the values in the literature. The radiation absorbed dose received by the different organs is relatively low. Additional studies need to be conducted for radiation dose optimisation.