不同磨煤粒度条件下煤粉分离器分离特性研究

对某电厂一台ZGM95G型磨煤机进行开孔改造,动态采集不同工况条件下磨机内部煤样;对所采集的样品进行粒度分析和磨机内物料循环回路质量平衡计算,得到磨机的循环倍率及各采样点物料特性;利用ANSYS软件对煤粉分离器内的复杂流场进行变入口颗粒粒度的数值模拟研究,将数值模拟结论与试验研究结果进行比较,查验数值模拟研究结论的正确性与可靠性,以获得工业运行ZGM95G型磨机磨煤信息。结果表明,分离器分离比率随颗粒粒度大小变化的函数关系式为y=0.004 3x2-1.050 6x+103.54,即磨煤机循环倍率将随颗粒粒度的增大而先增加后减小,数值模拟结果与实验数据具有良好线性相关度。     

镍纳米粉的粒度研究

采用阳极弧放电等离子体方法制备了高纯镍纳米粉末并对其粒度进行了表征.利用X射线衍射法(XRD)测试样品的晶型和粒度,用谢乐Scherrer公式计算颗粒粒度;采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析样品的形貌和粒度分布;采用表面吸附仪测定样品的N2吸附-脱附等温线,并由BET理论模型计算出样品的比表面积和颗粒粒度.实验结果表明三者测得的值基本一致.     

采用振动磨制备中药微粉

采用振动磨对三七和水蛭两种中药材进行粉磨实验,研究振动磨工艺参数对粉磨效果的影响。结果表明:水蛭的粉磨效果很好,在短时间内就能达到所要求的微粉粒度;而三七的粉磨效果较差,粉磨时间长且存在无法磨细的中间颗粒。增大磨介填充率、减少物料填充量、减小入磨粒度、增加粉磨时间都可以有效降低最终中药微粉的粒度。     

粉体物料的粒度测量

本文着重介绍了激光粒度分析仪的工作原理,并对不同的粉体物料如拆迁废料、道路尘以及粉煤灰的粒度分布实验数据进行了比较分析,分析它们各自的特点,为进一步研究大气粉尘的毒理学特性提供科学依据。通过实验分析得出:道路尘,拆迁废料的颗粒大小比较接近,一般在90μm~160μm区间内的颗粒比较多;粉煤灰的颗粒微分分布比较均匀,没有过大或过小变化,其颗粒非常的小。     

沥青搅拌设备多层振动筛分效率计算及影响规律研究

针对以往沥青搅拌设备振动筛分效率计算未考虑细粒度与粗粒度物料混杂的情况,提出基于离散单元法的颗粒动力学分析获得不同粒度物料的占比,进一步结合格氏法与总效率公式建立沥青搅拌设备多层直线振动筛的筛分效率计算方法。首先建立多层直线振动筛以及物料颗粒的三维模型,基于离散单元法进行颗粒动力学分析,获得筛上物与筛下物中不同粒度颗粒的分布情况。然后建立筛分产品产率问题的优化函数,代入颗粒分布计算结果,通过线性规划方法计算产品产率以及各层物料中不同粒度颗粒的占比,最后根据总效率公式计算多层振动筛各层的筛分效率。现场试验验证了筛分效率计算方法的有效性。进一步研究振动参数的影响可以知道,当振动频率控制在18 Hz~20 Hz之间,振动方向角在70o~80o,筛面倾角位于11o~16o之间,振动筛筛分效率能够处于较合理控制范围。     

浅谈带式输送机过渡段设计

本文叙述带式输送机运输散状物料时,最小过渡距离计算。通过对带式输送机中滚筒与托辊组内的中辊位置关系进行分析和比较,最后得出了过渡托辊组最理想的布置方法。     

湿法超细研磨中α-氧化铁机械力化学效应研究

粉体在机械研磨时会发生机械力活化现象.本文对湿法超细研磨条件下颜料级α-Fe2O3的机械力化学效应进行了研究.通过对不同研磨时间样品的粒度、XRD分析、SEM分析以及颜料性能的测试,对α-氧化铁粉体机械力化学效应进行了表征和分析.结果表明,颜料级α-Fe2O3颗粒在湿法超细研磨体系中,其颗粒分散性明显提高,但表观粒度变化不大,原级粒度随着研磨时间的延长有部分颗粒出现增大现象;晶体的显微应变和晶粒尺寸都随着研磨时间的延长而先减小后增大,这表明颗粒在湿法研磨的过程中发生了机械力活化现象.另外,在湿法机械力超细研磨体系中颜料级α-Fe2O3颗粒的遮盖力明显提高,亮度、红色度小幅度降低,而黄色度略有增加.分析认为这是由于机械力活化后的α-Fe2O3在水中溶解度增大,然后再在其它颗粒表面重新结晶的结果.     

基于改进R-R分布的现场激光粒度仪反演算法

针对现场激光粒度仪中颗粒粒径分布的反演计算方法,对非独立模式法中的R-R分布法进行了研究.同时设定多组R-R分布的尺寸参数X和分布参数M,采用多个线程同时反演计算目标函数(拟合误差).经过最后比较,找出函数值最小的目标函数,即认为现场颗粒的粒径分布服从该目标函数对应的R-R分布.现场激光粒度仪的实验结果表明,在使用5个线程时,每反演一次的平均时间小于1 min.该改进方法的原理简单,准确度和重复性高,计算速度快,能够满足现场颗粒粒径的实时测量要求.     

液-固流化床回收废旧印刷电路板金属研究

采用液-固流化床对废旧印刷电路板资源化利用进行研究,通过分析颗粒在流化床中的运动机理,计算不同颗粒在流化床中的沉降末速度,并探讨影响颗粒沉降末速度的因素。结果表明,颗粒干扰沉降末速度随着颗粒密度和粒度的增大而增大,随着颗粒体积分数的增大而减小;对不同粒级不同给料量进行分选,随着上升水速的增大,金属回收率随之下降,品位随之提高;在实验范围内,给料量对液-固流化床中金属与非金属的分选效果基本无影响。     

科里奥利原理在测量散粒料流量中的应用

介绍了利用科里奥利原理测量固体物料流量的方法,以及实现这个原理的典型测量装置———科氏质量流量计。为了使测量达到较高精度,必须解决两个关键问题:力矩的精确测量和转速恒定。文中对科式质量流量计和其他测量系统(如冲板系统、溜槽系统)进行比较,指出其特点为测量精度不受物料特性(颗粒度、容重)影响,并且可以锁住逆向空气流,不用添加锁风装置。利用科氏质量流量计测量固体散料、粉体只要物料不凝聚和粘着,量程范围可达1～150t/h,测量精度优于1%。     

脏污对道床剪切性能影响及评估指标的离散元分析

对国内外典型的道床脏污评估指标进行了综合分析。基于已有研究成果,提出了新的道床评估指标PFI。采用离散元法建立了基于精细道砟仿真单元的直剪数值模型,对不同脏污程度道床的剪切性能及PFI的合理性进行了研究,研究结果表明:脏污会显著降低道床的抗剪性能,其下降幅度与道床的脏污程度有关;脏污材料的粒径对道床剪切性能影响明显,且在材质相同的情况下,小粒径的脏污会引起道床剪切性能的进一步降低;相比于已有评估指标VCI,PFI能够考虑脏污材料粒径的影响,从而更准确的评估道床脏污情况。     

The investigation of particle flow mechanisms of bulk materials in dustiness testers

ABSTRACT

The generation of dust occurs in many bulk materials handling applications, including during free-fall, material impact on conveyor transfers, or impact with other materials. Dust has potentially serious consequences to the surrounding environment as well as workers and nearby communities. Companies need to identify and quantify the dust being generated so they can find ways to reduce or eliminate this dust generation. Dustiness testers are one method which can be used to quantify dust generation. This paper investigates the experimental material flow and the subsequent discrete element method (DEM) simulation in the rotating drums of two dustiness testers: the European Standard dustiness tester and the Australian Standard dustiness tester. Preliminary comparisons of the rotating drum designs were undertaken using particle/bulk parameters of polyethylene pellets, a granular “non-dusty” material to investigate the flow behavior, to provide a reference base to compare equivalent simulations and subsequent analysis. A calibrated DEM material model for polyethylene pellets was generated via experimental comparison. Investigations of the rotational speed, volume, and initial loading location of product sample have been performed. The motion of particles in the simulated rotating drums has been compared to visual observation from experimental testing.     

Numerical prediction on abrasive wear reduction of bulk solids handling equipment using bionic design

Abstract

Abrasive wear can cause surface damage of bulk solids handling equipment. Reducing the abrasive wear is beneficial to lower the maintenance cost. Previous research elaborated on the bionic design methodology to reduce surface wear of bulk solids handling equipment. To facilitate the application of the bionic design methodology in bulk solids handling, this research examines the effectiveness of a bionic model using discrete element method (DEM) simulations. A reference case of an abrasive wear scenario in bulk solids handling is simulated, and the wear volume of a smooth chute surface is predicted. By applying a bionic model to the chute surface and using the same simulation model, the wear volume of a bionic surface is predicted. By comparisons, it is identified that the bionic surfaces produce less wear than the smooth surface. In addition, the sensitivities of the geometrical parameters for the wear reduction are predicted. Therefore, the abrasive wear reduction effectiveness of the bionic model is demonstrated.     

Replicating cohesive and stress-history-dependent behavior of bulk solids: Feasibility and definiteness in DEM calibration procedure

This paper presents a multi-step DEM calibration procedure for cohesive solid materials, incorporating feasibility in finding a non-empty solution space and definiteness in capturing bulk responses independently of calibration targets. Our procedure follows four steps: (I) feasibility; (II) screening of DEM variables; (III) surrogate modeling-based optimization; and (IV) verification. Both types of input parameter, continuous (e.g. coefficient of static friction) and categorical (e.g. contact module), can be used in our calibration procedure. The cohesive and stress-history-dependent behavior of a moist iron ore sample is replicated using experimental data from four different laboratory tests, such as a ring shear test. This results in a high number of bulk responses (i.e. ≥ 4) as calibration targets in combination with a high number of significant DEM input variables (i.e. > 2) in the calibration procedure. Coefficient of static friction, surface energy, and particle shear modulus are found to be the most significant continuous variables for the simulated processes. The optimal DEM parameter set and its definiteness are verified using 20 different bulk response values. The multi-step optimization framework thus can be used to calibrate material models when both a high number of input variables (i.e. > 2) and a high number of calibration targets (i.e. ≥ 4) are involved.     

Unilateral interactions in granular packings: a model for the anisotropy modulus

Unilateral interparticle interactions have an effect on the elastic response of granular materials due to the opening and closing of contacts during quasi-static shear deformations. A simplified model is presented, for which constitutive relations can be derived. For biaxial deformations the elastic behavior in this model involves three independent elastic moduli: bulk, shear, and anisotropy modulus. The bulk and the shear modulus, when scaled by the contact density, are independent of the deformation. However, the magnitude of the anisotropy modulus is proportional to the ratio between shear and volumetric strain. Sufficiently far from the jamming transition, when corrections due to non-affine motion become weak, the theoretical predictions are qualitatively in agreement with simulation results.     

Mechanistic modelling of tests of unbound granular materials

Various tests are used to characterise the strength and resilience of granular materials used in the subbase of a pavement system, but there is a limited understanding of how particle properties relate to the bulk material response under various test conditions. Here, we use discrete element method (DEM) simulations with a mechanistically based contact model to explore influences of the material properties of the particle on the results of two such tests: the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) and the resilient modulus tests. We find that the measured resilient modulus increases linearly with the particle elastic modulus, whereas the DCP test results are relatively insensitive to particle elastic modulus. The DCP test results are also relatively insensitive to inter-particle friction coefficient but strongly dependent on the particle shape. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of our modelling approach and include suggestions for future improvements.     

DEM calibration of cohesive material in the ring shear test by applying a genetic algorithm framework

This research demonstrates capturing different stress states and history dependency in a cohesive bulk material by DEM simulations. An automated calibration procedure, based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, is applied. It searches for the appropriate simulation parameters of an Elasto-Plastic Adhesive contact model such that its response is best fitted to the shear stress measured in experiments. Using this calibration procedure, the optimal set of DEM input parameters are successfully found to reproduce the measured shear stresses of the cohesive coal sample in two different pre-consolidation levels. The calibrated simulation resembles the stress history dependent values of shear stress, bulk density and wall friction. Through the case study of the ring shear tester, this research demonstrates the robustness and accuracy of the calibration framework using multi-objective optimization on multi-variable calibration problems irrespective of the chosen contact model.     

LIGGGHTS and EDEM application on charging system of ironmaking blast furnace

Chemical reactions between gas and raw material are determined by burden distribution, especially radial distribution of pellet/sinter and coke in blast furnace. An appropriate control of burden distribution is required to yield a smooth operation with effective performance and an appropriate gas flow at the wall. This paper studies two different DEM packages application for charing system of ironmaking blast furnace. The simulations (EDEM 2.2.1 and LIGGGHTS 3.4.0) based on the discrete element method (DEM), are validated using mass fraction distribution in the trajectory of pellet flow and burden distributions of pellet on a horizontal plane. The results show that good agreements are found among EDEM, experiment and LIGGGHTS. Furthermore, reducing shear modulus of material can increase calculation speed of DEM.     

利用电磁超声横波检测二冷区尾端连铸坯壳厚度

使用电磁超声横波对二冷区尾端的连铸坯壳厚度进行检测,并建立了有限元仿真模型.选取Q235连铸小钢坯作为被测对象.为减小永磁铁的提离距离、在被测体内部生成更大的感应涡流,文章利用多物理场有限元仿真软件建立了一种不同于一般结构的电磁超声换能器仿真模型:圆柱形永磁体两侧并行排列螺旋线圈.分析了永磁铁尺寸对磁场涡流的影响以及电...