水酶法提油工艺初步研究

该文介绍水酶法提取植物油多种工艺方法及有关工艺影响因素,总结水酶法提油特点,对水酶法应用发展进行介绍,并就水酶法提油机理进行讨论,且对水酶法常出现乳状液问题,讨论破乳几种可能途径。     

花生油制取技术研究进展

对花生油制取技术研究现状进行综述,着重介绍水酶法提油工艺原理及工艺方法.从花生油提取工艺应用要求出发,提出水酶法提油工艺需进一步研究的问题.     

水酶法提油技术概述

本文介绍了水酶法提油技术的原理,讨论了工艺的主要影响因素,并分析了水酶法提油技术的优点,指出了水酶法工业应用需进一步研究和解决的问题.     

水酶法提油技术的应用进展

阐述了水酶法提油技术的工艺原理及特点,国内外水酶法制油的总体研究概况,并重点对我国具有资源优势的大豆、花生、油菜籽、玉米胚芽等水酶法提油技术最新研究现状进行总结,提出了水酶法发展过程中有待提高的问题,并展望了水酶法的应用前景。     

水酶法提油工艺的预处理方法研究进展

阐述了水酶法提油工艺的主要预处理方法,重点对国内外油料预处理方面的研究成果进行了总结,并论述了各类预处理方法的原理和特点,对水酶法提油工艺进一步的研究和工业化应用前景进行了展望.     

水酶法制取玉米胚芽油和葵花籽油的研究现状

本文阐述了水酶法提油技术的研究概况,主要包括水酶法工艺过程的关键技术和相关影响因素的研究现状,重点对水酶法制取玉米胚芽油和葵花籽油的国内外研究进行了关注,并提出了水酶法工业化、产业化的有待解决的问题,以及对水酶法提油技术进行了展望。     

水酶法提取植物油脂技术研究进展

水酶法是在水代法基础上发展起来的一种现代提取植物油脂新技术。水酶法主要利用生物酶的酶解作用促进植物油脂的游离,与传统压榨法、有机溶剂浸出法及超临界萃取法等相比,其工艺简单,对设备的要求低,无高温处理及有机溶剂残留,油脂品质更好。因此,水酶法是一种"绿色、安全、营养"的提油新技术。本文介绍了水酶法提取植物油脂的技术原理及工艺特点,生物酶的选择与生物酶在水酶法提油中的应用现状,比较了水酶法与其他传统方法制备的植物油脂的品质;并重点讨论了水酶法提取植物油脂技术研究的关键问题,即:水酶法提油过程中乳化液的形成机制及破乳技术;同时,针对水酶法提油技术存在的用酶量大、成本较高及废水处理等问题提出了可能的解决途径,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

水酶法提取生物油脂的研究进展

本文阐述了水酶法提取生物油脂的研究概况,包括主要的工艺过程和特点以及相关的影响因素,并对当前水酶法提油的研究现状和热点进行了总结,重点关注了水酶法提取微藻油的最新研究进展。提出了水酶法提油发展过程中有待解决的关键问题,并且展望了水酶法提取生物油脂的应用前景。      

水酶法提取生物油脂的研究进展

本文阐述了水酶法提取生物油脂的研究概况,包括主要的工艺过程和特点以及相关的影响因素,并对当前水酶法提油的研究现状和热点进行了总结,重点关注了水酶法提取微藻油的最新研究进展。提出了水酶法提油发展过程中有待解决的关键问题,并且展望了水酶法提取生物油脂的应用前景。     

水酶法工艺对不同植物油品质特性的影响

水相酶解法(水酶法)提油技术是一种能充分发挥资源综合利用效能的新技术。综述了水酶法提油技术对植物油料提取的大豆油、葵花籽油、橄榄油、油茶籽油以及粮食加工副产物提取的玉米胚芽油、米糠油的脂肪酸组成、质量指标、氧化稳定性以及特征功能性组分含量的影响,以期为后续毛油精炼工艺研究和更为科学、全面分析水酶法提油技术的经济可行性提供基础数据。     

赛络纺纱钢领、钢丝圈的选配实践

为了提高赛络纺纱成纱质量,减少细纱断头,从钢领、钢丝圈的种类,卷绕过程中对纺纱的影响及其运动配合等诸多因素出发,论述了钢领、钢丝圈的选配原则,重点阐述了赛络纺纱钢丝圈运动形态的变化及钢领、钢丝圈的选配要求,通过纯棉、非棉纤维纺纱的选配实践,指出赛络纺纱线毛羽少,结构紧密,应根据纺纱纤维性能和纺纱特点,以纱线通道通畅降毛羽、运行平稳少断头、散热良好延长使用寿命为原则对钢领、钢丝圈进行选配。     

细纱机改造与专件、器材的应用

为解决老一代细纱机改造后出现棉纱、织物质量问题,分析了细纱机改造及对不同纺纱原理器材、专件的选择,从节约能源和针对不同纺纱品种与质量要求方面重点论述了如何选用不同纺纱器材、专件进行改造;说明对其牵伸系统、卷绕系统的改造不仅可以提高棉纱质量、织物质量,而且可以大大降低纺纱能耗。指出不同的棉纱品种、质量要求对细纱机改造的纺纱器材、专件要求也不同,纺纱系统和器材、专件改造后对纺纱效率、制造成本、效益、效果、棉纱质量指标的影响;用事实证明改造老一代细纱机的纺纱元件、器材、专件,对棉纱质量的稳定、织物质量的提高起关键作用。     

3种功能性甜味剂对大米蒸煮品质和消化特性的影响

为提高米饭蒸煮品质、延缓米饭回生和改善米饭消化性能,比较不同质量分数低聚果糖、山梨糖醇和麦芽糖醇3 种低能量甜味剂对大米浸泡吸水率、直链淀粉比例、硬度、微观结构、晶体结构、热特性及消化特性等指标的影响。结果表明,3 种甜味剂处理均能够提高大米的吸水率,降低米饭的硬度。此外,低聚果糖、山梨糖醇和麦芽糖醇处理均能降低米饭的体外消化水解率。其中,1.6%低聚果糖处理的大米在浸泡25 min时吸水率提高了11.18%,直链淀粉比例、糊化焓值和放置24 h后硬度分别降低了7.36%、22.91%和21.79%,且与其他处理相比,显著降低了糊化焓值和结晶度,并表现出较好的微观结构和抗回生性。该研究为大米精深加工与方便米饭产品开发提供依据。     

川渝地区市售包装榨菜、泡菜亚硝酸盐含量的调查及安全性评价

为摸清川渝地区市售包装榨菜、泡菜的亚硝酸盐含量,科学认识市售包装榨菜、泡菜的安全性,该研究通过随机取样,共采集市售包装榨菜22份、市售包装泡菜23份及其他常见食品（肉制品、速冻鱼类、水果罐头、新鲜果蔬及隔夜饭菜）30份,通过亚硝酸盐含量测定及对比分析评价了川渝地区市售包装泡菜、榨菜的亚硝酸盐污染情况及食用安全性。结果表明,川渝地区市售包装泡菜、榨菜样品的亚硝酸盐含量在0.16～4.42 mg/kg,与其他常见食品相比其亚硝酸盐含量处于中低水平。考虑摄入量后,经由泡菜、榨菜进入人体的亚硝酸盐剂量仅为0.2～10 μg/（kg·d）,符合相关国际标准。     

Food oral processing—A review

Food oral processing is an essential procedure not only for the consumption and digestion of foods but also for the appreciation and pleasure of food texture and food flavour. The consumption of a food inside mouth involves various oral operations, including first bite, chewing and mastication, transportation, bolus formation, swallowing, etc. Exact mechanisms and governing principles of these oral operations are still not fully understood, despite of continuous efforts made by scientists from food, psychology, physiology, dental and clinical studies, and other disciplines. This article reviews recent progresses and literature findings about food processing and transformation in mouth, with particular attention on the physiology and rheology aspects of oral operations. The physiological behaviour of human's oral device is discussed in terms of biting capability, tongue movement, saliva production and incorporation, and swallowing. The complexity of oral processing is analysed in relation to the rheology and mechanical properties of foods. The swallowing and oral clearing process is also examined for its criteria, triggering mechanism, bolus deformation, and the rheology of swallowing.     

Content,composition, and stereochemical characterisation of lignans in berries and seeds

In seed extracts of five oilseed species, in bran extracts of three cereal species, and in seed and/or whole berry extracts of 10 berry species, the concentrations of a large number of lignans and the enantiomeric composition of selected lignans were determined. In the case of sesame and hemp seeds, the lignan content and composition of the whole seeds was compared to that of the hulled seeds. The results showed that cloudberry seeds are the third most lignan-rich food source after linseeds and whole sesame seeds, and that most of the berry species analysed were more lignan-rich than the cereal brans. The lignans are concentrated in the hull of the oilseeds and in the seeds of the berries. In most samples, secoisolarici-, pino-, medio-, and syringaresinol were present as a mixture of two enantiomers.     

猕猴桃糖蛋白及其去糖链蛋白功能特性的研究

本文研究了25~60 ℃范围内温度对猕猴桃糖蛋白(CGP)及其去糖链蛋白(GPP)吸油性、溶解性、起泡性和乳化性的影响,以及CGP、GPP的浓度及其溶液pH3~7.5和0~5 g/100 mL范围的NaCl离子强度对CGP和GPP溶解性、起泡性和乳化性的影响。结果表明:25~60 ℃温度范围内CGP吸油性、溶解度高于GPP,随温度升高,CGP、GPP溶解度下降,两者的起泡性先降低后升高,CGP乳化性先降低后升高,GPP乳化性先升高后降低;不同pH条件下,CGP的溶解度始终高于GPP,pH3~6范围内CGP、GPP溶解度均先下降后升高,pH3~7.5范围内CGP、GPP起泡性和乳化性先下降后升高;随离子强度的升高,CGP、GPP溶解度均下降,且CGP的溶解度始终高于GPP,CGP的起泡性和乳化性下降,GPP起泡性先下降后升高而乳化性则相反;CGP、GPP起泡性和乳化性均随其浓度的增高而增高,1.0 mg/mL时起泡性和乳化性最高,0.2 mg/mL时最低。     

The role of sebum and epidermal lipids in the cosmetic properties of skin

Lipids found in the skin are derived both from the keratinized epidermis and from the sebaceous glands. The composition of human sebum and epidermal lipids has only been fully elucidated during the past few years, and the role of these lipids is still being evaluated. This presentation reviews sebaceous gland structure and function composition of human sebum, the effects of aging and hormones on sebum secretion and the role of sebum in acne and in dry skin. In addition, a review of the role of epidermal lipids in the properties of skin includes consideration of the structure and function of the epidermis, the composition of the epidermal lipids, and the function of lipids in epidermal differentia-tion and water barrier properties.
Le rle du sébum et des lipides de I'épiderme dans les propriétes cosmétiques de la peau     

甲霜灵与镉复合污染对烟草生长发育及光合性能的影响

为明确农药和重金属复合污染对烟草生长和光合性能的影响,通过盆栽试验模拟烟田在农药甲霜灵和重金属镉单一及复合污染条件下烟草生长发育及光合性能对污染胁迫的响应。研究结果表明,20 mg/kg甲霜灵单一污染对烟草根生物量、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等光合色素含量和净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率等光合参数均有不同程度抑制作用,但在生长前期对株高有显著促进作用;20 mg/kg镉单一污染对烟草主要植物学性状、总生物量、光合色素含量及光合参数指标均具有不同程度抑制作用;在甲霜灵和镉复合污染条件下,两种污染物对烟草总生物量及光合参数的抑制,在整个生育期均表现为协同作用,其对烟草光合色素含量的抑制则在烟草生育前期表现为协同、后期表现为拮抗作用。此外,等浓度镉污染对烟草生物量、光合色素及光合作用的抑制作用强于甲霜灵。研究结果显示,甲霜灵与镉复合污染对烟草生长发育及光合性能均产生一定生态毒性效应,且毒性效应会随着烟草发育进程而改变。     

Fruit and vegetable by-products as novel ingredients to improve the nutritional quality of baked goods

ABSTRACT

The industrial manufacturing of fruits and vegetables generates approximately 50% by-product waste, causing a negative environmental impact and significant expenses. Nevertheless, fruit and vegetable by-products (FVB) are rich nutrients and extranutritional compounds that contribute to bowel health, weight management, lower blood cholesterol levels and improved control of glycemic and insulin responses. Due to the positive influence of FVB fibers and bioactive compounds during the digestion of glycemic carbohydrates, such as starch, baked goods are ideal food systems to accommodate FVB, since most of them have a high glycemic index. Therefore, this is an area of recent interest with critical environmental, economic and health implications worldwide. However, the utilization of FVB in baked goods leads to the loss of acceptability, in many cases caused by a lack of understanding of the physical structure and composition of FVB and their effects on food quality. The objective of this review is to provide a mechanistic understanding of the impact of the physical structure and composition of FVB on common baked goods and their influence on the nutritional and physical quality of the resulting product. This review will support the use of FVB as ideal ingredients while improving the added value of waste streams.