Effect of precipitation on two-way shape memory effect of melt-spun Ti50Ni25Cu25 ribbon

In the present work, effect of precipitation on two-way shape memory effect and deformation induced martensite stabilization of Ti₅₀Ni₂₅Cu₂₅ ribbon was investigated. The two-way shape memory effect developed as a result of martensite deformation is affected by formation of precipitates. After straining martensite to 5.5%, a two-way shape memory strain of 1.25% was obtained in a sample annealed at 800 °C for 300 s that does not introduce B11 precipitates. Results also show that the deformed Ti₅₀Ni₂₅Cu₂₅ ribbon containing precipitates has multiple-stage transformation characteristics during the first heating.     

Effects of initial structure on the shape memory properties of Ti50Ni25Cu25 ribbons

The effect of annealing temperature and initial structure (amorphous and fully crystallized) on shape memory properties of Ti₅₀Ni₂₅Cu₂₅ melt-spun ribbons was studied by using DSC and thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). M_s of the annealed ribbons increased with the annealing temperature below 550 °C. It decreased with annealing temperature above 550 °C. The fully crystallized as-spun ribbon showed the highest shape recovery strain under 45 MPa. With the increase of annealing temperature the recovery strain of the two ribbons decreased significantly.     

Microstructure, martensitic transformation and superelasticity of Ti49.6Ni45.1Cu5Cr0.3 shape memory alloy

The aim of this study is to investigate the microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior, shape memory effect and superelastic property of Ti_49.6Ni_45.1Cu₅Cr_0.3 alloy, with Cu and Cr substituting for Ni. After annealing, the alloy showed single step A-M/M-A transformations within the whole annealing temperature range of 623 K to 1273 K even in the presence and Ti₂(Ni, Cu) precipitates. With the increase of the annealing temperature, the transformation temperatures exhibited three stages: increasing from 623 K to 873 K, decreasing from 873 K to 1023 K and unchanging from 1023 K to 1273 K. Meanwhile, the critical stress for stress induced martensitic (SIM) transformation decreased to a minimum value and increased after that, exhibiting a V shape curve. The alloy annealed at 623, 773 and 923 K exhibited shape recovery ratio more than 90% when the deformation strain was below 20%.     

Effect of aging on martensitic transformation behavior of Ti48.8Ni50.8V0.4 alloy

In this article, the effect of aging on martensitic transformation of Ti_48.8Ni_50.8V_0.4 alloy was investigated. The results show that the martensitic transformation of the solution-treated shape memory alloy is a typical single-stage transformation process. The transformation temperatures of the samples aged at different temperatures for 0.5 h were lower as compared to that of the solution-treated alloy. With the increase of aging temperature, the transformation temperatures increase. After aging at 500 °C, the samples exhibit a multiple-stage transformation. The samples after aging at 500 °C for more than 5 h resulted in the transformation sequence of A → R→M1 and A → M2 upon cooling and M2 → A and M1 → A upon heating.     

Crystallization kinetics and martensitic transformation of Ti49Ni46.5Ce4.5 alloy thin film

The Ti₄₉Ni_46.5Ce_4.5 alloy thin film was prepared by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering system for the first time. Crystallization kinetics, phase composition and the behaviors of martensitic transformation were studied. The results by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) demonstrated that the primary second phase of TiNiCe alloy thin films was Ce₂Ni₇ phase, apparent activation energy was determined to be 510 kJ/mol at the continuous heating process, Avrami exponents for different isothermal temperature were in the range of 1.1-1.88 between 713 and 730 K, one-step martensitic transformation was observed in the crystallized Ti₄₉Ni_46.5Ce_4.5 alloy thin films. The influence of thermal process on martensitic transformation temperature was investigated with non-isothermal and isothermal crystallization. The reason behind the transformation temperature change was also discussed.     

Martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in Ni54.75Mn13.25Fe7Ga25 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy

The martensitic transformation and shape memory effect of Ni_54.75Mn_13.25Fe₇Ga₂₅ (at.%) alloy are studied in the present paper. It is shown that tetragonal martensite with parallel bands substructure transforms to parent phase heated by electron beam. It can be clearly observed that the martensite band becomes smaller and smaller, then transforms to parent phase completely in the end. A large reversible transformation strain, about 1.5%, is obtained in this undeformed polycrystalline alloy due to martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation. This transformation strain is also increased to 1.8% by the external magnetic field. It is believed that the effect of the magnetic field on the preferential orientation of martensitic variants increases the transformation strain.     

First investigations on twin-rolled Zr59Cu20Al10Ni8Ti3 bulk amorphous alloy by mechanical spectroscopy

Zr₅₉Cu₂₀Al₁₀Ni₈Ti₃ is one among compositions of ZrCu-based alloys giving bulk amorphous material by cooling from the melt. Twin-roll casting enabling samples suitable for our inverted torsion pendulum has been processed in strips of about 0.60 mm thick.

Low temperature IF measurements have been conducted on a specimen from room temperature to −120 °C at different heating and cooling rates. IF spectra exhibit peaks at around −40 °C (cooling) and −10 °C (heating) which are sensitive to heating rates and to the number of cycle (heating and cooling). DSC measurements have also been performed to help interpret the phenomena linked to the IF peaks.     

Effect of ageing on the reverse martensitic phase transformation behaviors of a CuAlMn shape memory alloy

The effect of ageing on the reverse martensitic phase transformation (MT) behaviors of the Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn (wt.%) alloy was studied and correlated to the microstructures changes in the present study. It is found that both the temperatures and the heights of the internal friction peaks arising from the reverse MT vary non-monotonously with the ageing temperatures due to the annihilation of quenched-in vacancies during the ageing at relatively low temperatures and the decomposition of β phase during the ageing at relatively high temperatures.     

Internal friction characteristics of Ti51.5Ni26.0Pd22.5 thin films formed by sputter deposition

The internal friction and the modulus have been measured on Ti_51.5Ni_26.0Pd_22.5 films under tension load, at three frequencies 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 Hz. in a wide range of temperatures covering the orthorhombic martensite and the reverse transformations. The effect of heat treatment and frequency on the internal friction has also been investigated. Only a transition around the orthorhombic transformation took place and a very sharp step-type internal friction was observed for all films with three kinds of heat treatments. The elastic modulus evolution reversed to internal friction change and a remarkable depression of the modulus corresponded to the internal friction peak. The internal friction of the films was enhanced by crystallization at 750 °C and the highest internal friction obtained at frequency 0.5 Hz. Ageing treatment at 450 °C after crystallizing at 750 °C promoted the peak of internal friction appearing and accelerated the microstructure variation. A high damping capacity of Q^− 1 = 0.05 or 0.06 was reached in the films crystallizing at 750 °C with or without ageing at 450 °C respectively and sustained from room temperature to 100 °C.     

Laser cladding of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 amorphous alloy on magnesium

Laser cladding of amorphous alloy Zr₆₅Al_7.5Ni₁₀Cu_17.5 on magnesium substrate was conducted using the blown powder method. The thickness of the coating was about 1.5 mm. The resulting microstructure, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied. The results of the XRD and TEM analyses showed that up to a depth of 1.1 mm, the coating had an amorphous structure, and no apparent crystalline structures were found. The coated specimen exhibited wear and corrosion resistance superior to that of the uncoated specimen: the wear loss was significantly reduced, some thirteen-fold; and the corrosion current was lowered by three orders of magnitude.     

Ti对等离子堆焊Ni基Cr3C2涂层组织与性能的影响

为了改善镍基合金涂层的组织与耐磨性,利用等离子堆焊技术在Q235碳钢表面分别制备了镍基合金涂层Ni50、添加质量分数40%Cr_3C_2的Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层,以及复合添加质量分数40%Cr_3C_2和1%Ti的Ti/Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层,研究了添加Cr_3C_2及复合添加Cr_3C_2和Ti对Ni50合金涂层组织、硬度和耐摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:Ni50合金涂层主要由γ-Ni枝晶组织及其间的共晶组织组成,Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层主要由大量初生碳化物和细小枝晶组织组成,Ti/Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层中碳化物尺寸减小且分布更均匀,组织明显细化;与Ni50合金涂层相比,Cr_3C_2/Ni和Ti/Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层的硬度均显著提高了26%以上,相对耐磨性分别提高了1.4倍和2.1倍.     

Internal friction associated with phase transformation of nanograined bulk Fe–25 at.% Ni alloy

The internal friction and modulus of a nanograined bulk Fe–25 at.% Ni prepared by an inert gas condensation and in situ warm consolidation technique were measured in temperature range −100 to 400 °C by means of a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). An internal friction peak at around −75 °C associated with martensitic transformation was observed. During heating, an internal friction peak at about 200 °C accompanied with the decrease of modulus was also observed, which was proved by XRD that this may mainly be attributed to the reverse phase transformation of stress-induced martensite (SIM). Some abnormal features of modulus versus temperature were observed and discussed.     

Precipitation of second phases in aged Ni rich NiTiRe shape memory alloy

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of aging on the structure and precipitation of second phases of Ni₅₂Ti_47·7Re_0·3 shape memory alloys. The alloy was solutionised at 1000°C for 24 h before aging at various temperatures ranging from 300 to 600°C for 3 h. The matrix phase in both solutionised and aged specimens was martensite. Ti₂Ni phase was also present in the microstructure of both solutionised and aged specimens and its volume fraction decreased as the aging temperature increased. Ni₄Ti₃ phase began in appearance by increasing aging temperature to 400°C. Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates had lenticular and non-geometry shapes. Aging at 600°C led to precipitation of Ni₃Ti phase in the microstructure. This precipitated phase formed in white blocky shapes. Ti/Ni ratio increased and/or Ni content decreased in the matrix with increasing in aging temperature.     

Microstructure and martensitic transformation of Ti49Ni51 − xHfx high temperature shape memory alloys

In present work, the microstructure and martensitic transformation of Ti₄₉Ni_51 − xHf_x (x = 3-15) alloys were studied. The microstructure of Ti₄₉Ni_51 − xHf_x alloys consists of B19′ martensite and (Ti,Hf)₂Ni phase at room temperature. The martensitic transformation behavior is characterized by a single-stage transformation. With increasing Hf content, the transformation temperature increases from 75 to 279 °C resulting from the reduced valence electron concentration, indicating that the replacement of Hf for Ni is effective in increasing the transformation temperatures. The results suggest that the Ti₄₉Ni_51 − xHf_x shape memory alloy is one of potential candidates for high temperature applications.     

Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30非晶合金晶化相转变的价电子结构分析

基于EET理论,计算了F-Zr₂(Ni,Cu)和tI-Zr₂Cu及tI-Zr₂(Cu,Ni)相的价电子结构,用最强键键合力n₁、结构单元总成键能力F和单位成键能力F_v分析了F-Zr₂Ni亚稳相向tI-Zr₂Cu型稳定相的转变过程。研究发现:F-Zr₂Ni的n^{F-Zr₂Ni₁值比tI-Zr₂Cu的ntI-Zr₂Cu₁值大115.36%,FF-Zr₂Ni_v值比tI-Zr₂Cu的FtI-Zr₂Cu_v值大34.03%;F-Zr₂(Ni0.3,Cu0.7)的nF-Zr₂(Ni0.3,Cu0.7)₁值比tI-Zr₂Cu的ntI-Zr₂Cu₁值大0.36%,FF-Zr₂(Ni0.3,Cu0.7)_v值比tI-Zr₂Cu的FF-Zr₂Ni}_v值大1.25%; tI-Zr₂(Cu0.6,Ni0.4)的n^{tI-Zr₂(Cu0.6,Ni0.4)₁值比F-Zr₂(Ni0.3,Cu0.7)的nF-Zr₂(Ni0.3,Cu0.7)}₁值大12.95%, F^{tI-Zr₂(Cu0.6,Ni0.4)_v值比F-Zr₂(Ni0.3,Cu0.7)的FF-Zr₂(Ni0.3,Cu0.7)}_v值大14.41%; 从价电子结构角度看,F-Zr₂Ni不能直接转变为tI-Zr₂Cu,F-Zr₂(Ni,Cu)不易分解重构为tI-Zr₂Cu;F-Zr₂(Ni0.3,Cu0.7)可分解并转变为tI-Zr₂(Cu0.6,Ni0.4)。     

Observation of glass transition upon cooling in Pd40Ni10Cu30P20 alloy by DSC

Two-stage cooling experiments were carried out in a differential scanning calorimeter for an untreated bulk amorphous alloy Pd₄₀Ni₁₀Cu₃₀P₂₀. The results showed that the critical cooling rate for glass formation for the alloy was about 50 K/min. The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curve was constructed based on the cooling experimental results and the critical cooling rate for glass formation subsequently calculated is in excellent agreement. The present results are compared with previous reported results and effects on the critical cooling rate for glass formation are discussed.     

高温形状记忆合金Ni54Mn25Ga21相变及其形状记忆效应的研究

主要研究了马氏体相变温度Ms高于居里温度Tc的Ni54Mn25Ga21合金的相变及其单晶的形状记忆效应.采用真空电弧炉熔炼,然后用磁悬浮区熔晶体生长炉进行Ni54Mn25Ga21合金的单晶生长,成功制备了Ni54Mn25Ga21单晶.对多晶粉末样品进行了原位X射线衍射变温分析,结果表明Ni54Mn25Ga21合金具有可恢复的热弹性马氏体相变性能.对Ni54Mn25Ga21单晶进行的形状记忆效应实验结果表明,当总预应变不超过6%时,压缩变形后残留的应变可在随后的加热过程中完全回复.     

Compressive fracture of Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 bulk amorphous alloy at high temperatures

The fracture behavior of the Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ bulk amorphous alloy under uniaxial compression at high temperatures has been investigated. At room temperature, the fracture occurred along the maximum shear plane which declined by 45° to the direction of the applied load, and a crack with serrated edge appeared on the ridge of the veins at the fracture surface for the Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ bulk amorphous alloy. At high temperatures, the compressive fracture surface of the Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ bulk amorphous alloy became much rougher than that at room temperature and steps appeared on the fracture surface. With increasing temperature, a different pattern from the vein-like morphology appeared on the fracture surface, which is very similar to the lava-flow. This type of fracture pattern is most likely due to the adiabatic heating created by plastic flow.     

Effect of pre-strain on martensitic transformation of Ni43Mn43Co7Sn7 high- temperature shape memory alloy

In the present work, the effect of pre-strain on martensitic transformation of Ni₄₃Mn₄₃Co₇Sn₇ (at.%) alloy was investigated. The results show that Ni₄₃Mn₄₃Co₇Sn₇ alloy undergoes a martensitic transformation at 288 °C upon cooling. The thermal cycling does not affect the transformation behavior of the alloy, indicating the good thermal stability. The reverse transformation of the deformed martensite is pre-strain dependent. When the pre-strain is higher than 7.5%, the reverse transformation occurs in two-stage manner upon first heating due to the nonuniform martensite deformation. In contrast, during the first martensitic and second reverse transformation, the pre-strain shows little effect on the transformation temperatures.