Design of Hybrid Optical Amplifiers for High Capacity Optical Transmission

This paper describes our design of a hybrid amplifier composed of a distributed Raman amplifier and erbium‐doped fiber amplifiers for C‐ and L‐bands. We characterize the distributed Raman amplifier by numerical simulation based on the experimentally measured Raman gain coefficient of an ordinary single mode fiber transmission line. In single channel amplification, the crosstalk caused by double Rayleigh scattering was independent of signal input power and simply given as a function of the Raman gain. The double Rayleigh scattering induced power penalty was less than 0.1 dB after 1000 km if the on‐off Raman gain was below 21 dB. For multiple channel amplification, using commercially available pump laser diodes and fiber components, we determined and optimized the conditions of three‐wavelength Raman pumping for an amplification bandwidth of 32 nm for C‐band and 34 nm for L‐band. After analyzing the conventional erbium‐doped fiber amplifier analysis in C‐band, we estimated the performance of the hybrid amplifier for long haul optical transmission. Compared with erbium‐doped fiber amplifiers, the optical signal‐to‐noise ratio was calculated to be higher by more than 3 dB in the optical link using the designed hybrid amplifier.     

增益钳制掺铒光纤放大器特性研究

报道了一种新型基于环形激光腔的增益钳制掺铒光纤放大器。得到了较好的增益钳制效果和增益平坦度,利用980nm半导体激光器泵浦12m长掺铒光纤形成激光增益,观测到 30nm增益带宽。通过反馈1520nm 激光,在可变衰减器不同值测量了输入信号从- 40 ～10dBm的增益,其小信号增益被钳制在16dB。可为40个波分复用(WDM)信道波长提供增益钳制及平坦的放大功能。     

高功率双包层掺镱光纤放大器

为满足高功率激光系统末级功率提升的要求,研制了高功率光纤放大器,它采用双包层掺Yb3＋光纤作为增益介质,利用泵浦合束器进行泵浦的级联放大。通过有效的热管理及输出稳定技术,对于大信号1053nm波长的输入光,该光纤放大器的增益大于22dB;采用增益均衡技术,20nm带宽范围内增益平坦度小于2dB。     

利用免疫算法优化设计的宽带大增益拉曼光纤放大器

为提高拉曼光纤放大器(RFA)的增益带宽和输出增益、改善增益平坦度,本文以掺铒碲基光纤作为放大介质,使用6个泵浦光设计了一款能够实现对C+L波段共100 nm带宽信号光平坦放大的拉曼光纤放大器.在设计过程中,针对拉曼光纤放大器模型中的非线性优化和组合优化问题,采用免疫算法配置泵浦光波长和功率的方法来解决,同时保证拉曼光...     

多波长抽运C+L波段喇曼放大器的数值模拟与分析

为了合理地设计出宽带分布式光纤喇曼放大器系统,采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,对前向抽运方式的喇曼耦合方程进行数值仿真,获得了合适的抽运源波长,从而实现了分布式喇曼光纤放大器的带宽为80nm(1530nm～1610nm).在抽运功率均匀分配的情况下,对80个信道的信号进行分布式放大,分析了不同信号、抽运功率沿光纤的...     

基于粒子群优化算法的双向多泵浦光纤拉曼放大器增益研究

基于石英光纤作为增益介质,采用龙格-库塔法、打靶法求解多波长双向泵浦光纤拉曼放大器的功率耦合波方程,得到拉曼放大器的增益带宽,平均增益,增益平坦度以及泵浦光和信号光沿光纤的分布。再通过粒子群优化算法对同一数量泵浦光不同排列双向系统进行逐个优化分析,在14种双向泵浦结构中选出性能较优的三种结构,再对它们优化参数设置,最终得到性能最优的双向泵浦结构BBFF。研究结果表明:在仅有四个泵浦光的情况下,双向多泵浦结构BBFF具有最优的平均增益和增益平坦度,并且得到了开关增益为23.1665 dB,增益平坦度为0.794 dB的双向泵浦结构。     

双抽运光参量放大的增益特性

在相同条件下(如抽运光功率、信号光功率等),与单抽运相比,双抽运光参量放大(OPA)的增益大,增益带宽宽.由于信号光的增益特性与参量增益系数直接相关,因此,在建立高非线性光纤(HNLF)光参量放大的理论模型的基础上,对相位匹配条件、参量增益以及信号光饱和增益的特性进行了分析讨论,采用有限差分法,对增益饱和的特性进行了模拟.结果表明,参量增益和光纤参数、输入抽运光以及信号光的波长、功率有关,而信号光的饱和增益和输入抽运功率有关.     

L-波段掺铒光纤放大器增益谱特性研究

对掺铒光纤放大器 (EDFA)在L 波段 (L Band ,15 70～ 16 10nm)的增益谱特性进行了理论和实验研究。理论和实验研究得出在最佳反转粒子数密度 (N=0 39) 条件下 ,掺铒光纤L Band的平坦增益谱宽为 2 2nm(± 0 5dB) ,抽运功率与输入信号功率呈线性关系。实验测得L BandEDFA单信道小信号增益为 33dB。     

分布式光纤喇曼放大器实验研究

为了对后向抽运分布式宽带光纤喇曼放大器的特性进行实验研究,采用多波长1426nm,1440nm,1460nm,1475nm和1495nm的半导体激光器作为抽运源,实现了C+L波段近80nm带宽的信号光放大,获得了比较好的平坦增益、偏振相关增益,系统平均开关增益为10.7dB,增益平坦度为1.5dB,最大噪声指数为-1.96dB,偏振相关增益小于0.4dB。结果表明,光纤喇曼放大器的抽运源波长、功率选择比较合理,系统所有技术指标均满足光纤通信使用要求。这一结果将对通信产业化发展有着重要的指导作用。     

Simultaneous Cancellation of Fiber Loss, Dispersion, and Kerr Effect in Ultralong-Haul Optical Fiber Transmission by Midway Optical Phase Conjugation Incorporated With Distributed Raman Amplification

An alternative application of distributed Raman amplification (DRA) for ultralong-haul optical fiber transmission is proposed. In our study, the DRA is employed in a transmission system using midway optical phase conjugation (OPC) for amplifying an optical signal and, at the same time, for constructing signal power evolution, which is symmetrical with respect to the midpoint of the system where the OPC is performed. Then, the nonlinear signal waveform distortions that are caused by the Kerr effect, as well as fiber dispersion, are almost completely compensated by the OPC, whereas the fiber loss is compensated by the DRA. Three possible symmetrical signal power maps - a power map that has a reverse sign of the power map that is caused by lump amplification, a flat signal power map, and an arbitrary symmetrical signal power map - are numerically designed by using appropriate Raman pump powers. We show that the flat power map exhibits smaller difference from the target and a higher optical signal-to-noise ratio and requires lower pump power than the other two power maps. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that, by employing the flat power maps with a span of 40 km, a single-wavelength signal whose data rate is 160 Gb/s can be successfully transmitted over 5000 km, and the Kerr effect is sufficiently suppressed near limitation due to the nonlinear accumulation of noise. Finally, we study the feasibility of expanding our method to wavelength-division-multiplexed signal transmission by designing a DRA gain with multiple-wavelength pumping to simultaneously obtain a flat power map and a wide-and-flat gain bandwidth. By using four-wavelength Raman pumps while carefully choosing pump wavelengths and their powers, we achieve the DRA gain that simultaneously gives a fluctuation of the signal power of only 3.5%, a gain ripple of only 5.3%, and, at the same time, a gain bandwidth of as wide as 46 nm.     

Experimental measurement of gain in erbium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier in the 850-nm signal band

In this letter, we report an efficient single-mode Er/sup 3+/ doped fluoride fiber amplifier (EDFFA) in the 850 mn signal band. The Ti-sapphire laser was used to pump the EDFFA at 792 mm with an estimated absorbed pump power of 35 mW. The EDFFA used a 4.2 meter long NA=0.39, /spl lambda//sub c/=850 nm fluoride fiber as the active medium. A peak gain of 25 dB was observed at 852 mm. The gain was measured for a 10 nm region between 847.5 mn and 857.5 nm. The 3 dB gain bandwidth is less than 3 nm. However, the gain exceeded 20 dB over wavelength region of at least 7.5 nm. The gain and the gain bandwidth can be further increased by optimizing the length of the active fiber.     

基于改进粒子群算法的后向泵浦RFA设计北大核心CSCD

为了满足第六代移动通信(6G)系统对光通信网络的高速率及大容量的要求,进一步提高光传输网络中光纤放大器的带宽、响应速率及放大倍数等成为目前的研究重点。在使用碲酸盐光纤作为光纤增益介质的同时,提出一种改进粒子群优化算法,通过在迭代过程中动态的调整速度、位置及惯性权重值,获得更高收敛速度,增强全局搜索的能力。应用该算法对拉曼光纤放大器的各个泵浦光参数配置进行优化、分析及仿真验证,最终设计出平均开关增益为23.738 8 dB,增益平坦度为0.209 8 dB的后向泵浦拉曼光纤放大器。结果表明,改进的粒子群优化算法对拉曼放大器泵浦光的参数配置有很强的适应性,能够获得较低的增益平坦度,对未来拉曼光纤放大器的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

Long-wavelength monolithic GaInNAs vertical-cavity optical amplifiers

We report on the continuous-wave amplification characteristics of an optically pumped 1.3-/spl mu/m multiple-quantum-well GaInNAs-GaAs vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier (VCSOA). The VCSOA structure was monolithically grown by molecular beam epitaxy and operated in reflection mode in a fiber-coupled system. The maximum on-chip gain attained, limited by the onset of laser action, was 15.6 dB at 196 mW of 980-nm pump power. For a chip gain of 10.4 dB, the optical bandwidth was 10.8 GHz and the saturation output power was -9 dBm. By varying the pump laser power, a maximum extinction ratio of 22.3 dB was obtained. Temperature-controlled tuneable operation of the device is also presented and demonstration of 9 dB of chip gain obtained over 9.5 nm with an optical bandwidth of 12 GHz is reported.     

Automatic design scheme for optical-fiber Raman amplifiersbackward-pumped with multiple laser diode pumps

A simulated annealing algorithm is adopted to give an automatic pump configuration in laser-diode backward-pumped-distributed fiber Raman amplifiers. The demonstration of the optimization process of wavelengths and powers in an optical-fiber Raman amplifier using four laser-diode pumps is presented. The resulting gain ripple is less than 2.6 dB in respect to the 30 dB average gain in the amplification bandwidth of more than 50 nm (64 signal channels). The algorithm can be practically applied to the desired signal channel number and gain profile     

Properties of fiber Raman amplifiers and their applicability todigital optical communication systems

Bit error rate performances of fiber Raman amplifiers both as booster amplifiers and as detection preamplifiers are studied in intensity modulation/direct detection optical communication systems. It is theoretically shown that, in the booster amplifier application, receiver sensitivity degradation due to amplification can be made less than 0.2 dB for signal-to-noise power ratio larger than 20 dB, and thus an allowable transmission line loss can be increased approximately by the value of Raman gain. For detection preamplifier use, receiver sensitivities in the Raman preamplifier system are numerically calculated in terms of minimum detectable signal power at 100-Mbit/s and 2-Gbit/s bit rates. In both bit rates, it is shown that, for a Raman gain greater than 20 dB, minimum detectable signal power can be improved by more than 15 dB over the conventional detection level without Raman amplification. Preliminary experiments are carried out using a 1.32-μm Nd:YAG laser and a 1.4-μm laser diode as pump and signal light sources, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical estimations     

高非线性光纤中受激布里渊散射的抑制和光参量放大

受激布里渊散射 (SBS)的抑制是实现光纤参量放大的重要技术要求 ,已有文献报道多采用对抽运光进行相位调制的方法 ,将光功率分散到多个频率分量上来达到这一目的。提出一种二次调相的方法 ,在已有 2GHz相位调制的商品光源上施加 36 5MHz的二次相位调制 ,将高非线性光纤 (HNLF)的受激布里渊散射阈值由未加任何调制时的 10dBm至少提高到 2 3 5dBm ,达到了参量放大的要求。在此基础上 ,进行了连续波 (CW )抽运的光纤参量放大实验。实验中采用长度为 14 5 0m ,非线性系数γ =11 9W-1km-1,色散斜率S =0 0 15 5ps/(nm2 ·km)的高非线性光纤 ,使用外腔可调谐激光器 (ECL)作为信号光源 ,小信号增益带宽达到 2 6nm(增益 >10dB) ,峰值增益达到2 4dB。同时还观察到了由于非线性拉曼放大作用造成的长波长信号光增益大于短波长信号光增益的不对称性。     

Dispersion-compensating Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifier recycling residual Raman pump for efficiency enhancement

We experimentally demonstrate a novel concept of the dispersion-compensating Raman/erbium-doped fiber amplifier hybrid amplifier recycling residual Raman pump for increase of overall power conversion efficiency. The proposed dispersion-compensating hybrid amplifier system has only one pump source for Raman amplification in the dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) and the residual pump power after the DCF is recycled for secondary signal amplification in an erbium-doped fiber cascaded to the DCF. Using the proposed scheme, we achieve the significant enhancement of both signal gain and effective gain-bandwidth by 15 dB (small signal gain) and 20 nm, respectively, compared to the performance of the Raman-only amplifier.     

Wavelength-Shift-Free 3R Regenerator for 40-Gb/s RZ System by Optical Parametric Amplification in Fiber

We demonstrate wavelength-shift-free 3R-regenerator for 40-Gb/s optical return-to-zero (RZ) system by optical parametric amplification (OPA) with a clock-modulated pump in highly nonlinear fiber. The power penalty is improved by 2.6 dB, and the signal power is amplified by 7 dB     

MOPA光纤激光器中放大级自激振荡实验研究

在高功率主振荡功率放大激光器（MOPA）中,放大的自发辐射（ASE）和自激振荡对激光器输出光特性具有显著的影响。基于自行设计并搭建的MOPA光纤激光器系统,研究了自激振荡与泵浦光功率、信号光功率和增益光纤长度之间的关系。结果表明,随着泵浦光强度的增加,自激振荡的功率逐渐增强;在泵浦光功率确定的情况下,增强信号光功率,自激振荡的强度会减小;适当减小增益光纤的长度,对抑制自激振荡也有一定的作用。实验结论对MOPA光纤放大器的研究具有重要的参考意义     

Active optical pulse compression with a gain of 29.0 dB by usingfour-wave mixing in an optical fiber

The four-wave mixing gain in an optical fiber strongly depends on the nonlinear phase mismatch when the pump power itself causes a nonlinear index change. The peak of the pump pulse has a much higher gain than its wings, and so this process can be used to obtain efficient pulse compression. A 93-ps signal pulse at 1569.9 nm is compressed to as short as 20 ps with a gain of 29.0 dB. The wavelength-converted signal at 1559.9 nm is simultaneously compressed to 21 ps and amplified by 28.9 dB as compared with the original signal