Antioxidant potency of cumin varieties—cumin, black cumin and bitter cumin—on antioxidant systems

Cumin is one of the commonly used spices in food preparations. It is also used in traditional medicine as a stimulant, a carminative and an astringent. In this study, we characterized the antioxidant activity of three commercially available cumin varieties, viz., cumin (Cuminum cyminum), black cumin (Nigella sativa) and bitter cumin (C. nigrum). The antioxidant capacity of cumin varieties was tested on Fe²⁺ ascorbate induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, soybean lipoxygenase dependent lipid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging methods. The total phenolic content of methanolic extracts of cumin varieties ranged from 4.1 to 53.6 mg g^–1 dry weight. Methanolic extracts of all the three varieties of cumin showed higher antioxidant activity compared with that of the aqueous extract. Among the cumin varieties, bitter cumin showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by cumin and black cumin in different antioxidant systems. IC₅₀ values of the methanolic extract of bitter cumin were found to be 0.32, 0.1 and 0.07 mg dry weight of cumin seeds on the lipoxygenase dependent lipid peroxidation system, the DPPH radical scavenging system and the rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation system, respectively. The data also show that cumin is a potent antioxidant capable of scavenging hydroxy, peroxy and DPPH free radicals and thus inhibits radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. The high antioxidant activity of bitter cumin can be correlated to the high phenolic content among the three cumin varieties. Thus, bitter cumin with a high phenolic content and good antioxidant activity can be supplemented for both nutritional purposes and preservation of foods.     

Determination of Chemical Composition,Total Phenolic,Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Echinophora tenuifolia Essential Oil

In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, total phenolic content, and essential oil composition of Echinophora tenuifolia L. subsp. sibthorpiana were investigated. The antioxidant activity of investigated essential oil was assessed by ABTS and DPPH assays. DPPH radical scavenging activity expressed by IC₅₀ was 2.84 g/L, whereas the TEAC value determined by ABTS assay was 0.032 g TEAC/kg plant. Total phenol content of essential oil determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method was calculated as 1.32 g GAE/kg plant. The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation (Clevenger apparatus) was investigated by GC-MS technique and 78 compounds were identified. The main components of essential oils were found to be δ-3-carene (17.93%), p-cymene (8.99%), methyleugenol (16.41%), and α-phellandrene (9.33%). The antimicrobial activity of investigated essential oil was tested using a broth dilution method against 13 bacterial and 2 fungal microorganisms. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil against Bacillus cereus was 62.5 μg/mL while the antifungal activity was greater than 1000 μg/mL for both Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cereviciae. Investigated essential oil has a certain level of antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, which may be attributed to their chemical compounds. The antimicrobial efficiency of essential oil, especially against Bacillus cereus and Staphylocoocus spp., offers its effectiveness to treatment of wound or disease caused by Gram positive bacteria.     

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenolic compounds from bitter cumin (Cuminum nigrum L.)

Cumin is one of the commonly used spices in food preparations. It is also used in traditional ayurvedic medicine as a stimulant, carminative and astringent. Earlier we have reported that bitter cumin (Cuminum nigrum L.) possess the most potent antioxidant activity among cumin varieties—cumin, black cumin and bitter cumin. In this study, we have further characterized the polyphenolic compounds of bitter cumin and also their antioxidant and antibacterial activity using different model systems. The major polyphenolic compounds of cumin seeds were extracted with 70% methanol, 70% acetone, water, separated by HPLC and their structures were elucidated by LC-MS. The profile of phenolic acids/flavonols in bitter cumin were found to be gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin and kaempferol. The antioxidant activity of the cumin extract was tested on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, soybean lipoxygenase-dependent lipid peroxidation, rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion (O²⁻) scavenging. The bitter cumin extract exhibited high antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 14.0±0.5 μg, 28.0±3.0 μg, 110±14.0 μg and 125.4±8.7 μg of the extract, respectively for DPPH free radical scavenging, soybean lipoxygenase-dependent lipid peroxidation, rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion scavenging. Further, the extract offered a significant protection against DNA damage induced by hydroxyl radicals. Among a spectrum of food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria tested, the cumin extract significantly inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, bitter cumin with an array of polyphenolic compounds possesses potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Oregano: chemical analysis and evaluation of its antimalarial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities

Abstract: GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis of essential oil from oregano leaves (Origanum compactum) resulted in the identification of 46 compounds, representing more than 98% of the total composition. Carvacrol was the predominant compound (36.46%), followed by thymol (29.74%) and p‐cymene (24.31%). Serial extractions with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water were performed on aerials parts of Origanum compactum. In these extracts, different chemical families were characterized: polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent 21.2 to 858.3 g/kg), tannins (catechin equivalent 12.4 to 510.3 g/kg), anthocyanins (cyanidin equivalent 0.38 to 5.63 mg/kg), and flavonoids (quercetin equivalent 14.5 to 54.7 g/kg). The samples (essential oil and extracts) were subjected to a screening for antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antimalarial activities and against human breast cancer cells. The essential oil showed a higher antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 2 ± 0.1 mg/L. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 4.8 ± 0.2 mg/L (DPPH assay). Concerning antimalarial activity, Origanum compactum essential oil and ethyl acetate extract showed the best results with an IC₅₀ of 34 and 33 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate extract (30 mg/L) and ethanol extract (56 mg/L) showed activity against human breast cancer cells (MCF7). The oregano essential oil was considered to be nontoxic.     

玳玳花精油的成分及其抗氧化活性研究

以玳玳花精油为试验材料,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行组分分析,测定了其理化特征,采用DPPH、ABTS、羟基自由基的清除率及总抗氧化能力来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,玳玳花精油是一种具有玳玳花特征香气的琥珀色澄清液体,共分离出41种成分,占总成分95.80%,其中包括13种醇类化合物(59.34%),16种萜烯类化合物(22.82%),4种烷烃类化合物、3种酸、3种酯类、1种吲哚和1种酚类化合物。玳玳花精油的总抗氧化能力在4 mg/mL时超过VC;对DPPH自由基清除能力较弱,精油浓度为50 mg/mL时清除率为73.51%;对ABTS和羟基自由基清除能力较好,10mg/mL时清除率分别达到85.63%和94.87%;综上,玳玳花精油具有显著的抗氧化作用且与浓度呈正相关。     

Essential oil composition,total phenolic content,antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of four Origanum species from southeastern Turkey

This study reports a comparative screening of four species of Origanum in Turkey, based on their essential oil composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antibiofilm activities. The major components of essential oils were p-cymene, linalool, and thymol. The total phenolic contents differed from 3.81 to 47.54 mg of GAE/g of extract. The concentrations of flavonoids varied from 12.74 to 58.39 mg of Ru/g of extract. Antioxidant activity was determined in vitro using DPPH reagent and expressed as concentration of each extract required to inhibit radical by 50% (IC₅₀) values that ranged from 16.03 to 48.94 μg/ml. Our results indicated that chloroform extracts of species O. majorana and O. onites, with a total content of polyphenols (47.54 mg of GAE/g and 45.17 mg of GAE/g, respectively) and an IC₅₀ of 16.03 μg/ml and 16.89 μg/ml, respectively were more antioxidant. Among the essential oil concentrations tested, maximum antibiofilm activity was found as 92.24% against M. luteus NRRL-B 1013 by O. majorana essential oil at 50 mg/ml.     

三种香茅精油的化学成分及体外抗氧化和抗炎活性评价

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）测定爪哇香茅（Cymbopogon winteranus）、柠檬草（C. citratus）和芸香草（C. distans）三种植物精油的化学成分,并通过DPPH法及炎症因子NO生成量检测法评价这三种植物精油的抗氧化活性和抗炎活性。结果表明,三种香茅属植物精油化学成分以萜类物质为主,含量为76.35%~90.52%,其中萜醛、萜醇类物质含量最高。爪哇香茅、柠檬草和芸香草的主要成分分别为（+）-香茅醛（37.85%）、反式柠檬醛（36.12%）和香叶醇（34.76%）;三种香茅属植物精油的DPPH自由基清除能力呈一定的剂量依赖性,但与阳性对照抗坏血酸(IC₅₀值为(0.005±0.002) mg/mL)相比,抗氧化活性较差;在较低浓度（2~4 μg/mL）时,香茅属植物精油减少LPS致炎模型的NO生成能力与10 μmol/L地塞米松（Dexamethasone,Dex）相当,表明这三种香茅属植物精油具有良好的抗炎活性,其中柠檬草（IC₅₀值为（0.472±0.121） μg/mL）的抗炎活性最好,其次为爪哇香茅（IC₅₀值为（0.632±0.147） μg/mL）和芸香草（IC₅₀值为（0.669±0.131） μg/mL）。因此,三种香茅属植物精油具有较大的开发潜力开发成抗炎药物和抗炎功能产品。     

ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIALS OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND EXTRACTS ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS SPICE MATERIALS†

The antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of essential oils and acetone extracts of black pepper, cumin, black cumin and mace were carried out by different techniques. The antioxidative capacity of the essential oils and acetone extracts were evaluated against mustard oil by measuring peroxide and thibarbituric acid values at fixed intervals. In addition, their antioxidant potential was evaluated by 2, 2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydracyl radical and conjugated diene assays. Their reducing power was determined with standards, which proved the strong antioxidant capacity of essential oils and extracts. The antioxidant activity of essential oils and extracts exerted by all the antioxidant assays can be compared with synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. The antibacterial activity was studied by disk diffusion and poison food methods. Black cumin essential oil showed complete zone of inhibition (P < 0.05) against tested bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis at 2 and 6 µL level by disk diffusion method. Black cumin and black pepper extracts showed complete reduction of colonies against tested bacterial strains of S. aureus, B. cereus and B. subtilisat 5 and 10 µL level by poison food method. Poison food method exhibited good results for the tested essential oils and extracts. Essential oils of black pepper, cumin, black cumin and mace may be used to stabilize mustard oil after screening.     

Chemical Composition,Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extracts of Eucalyptus oleosa Leaves

This study was designed to examine the chemical composition of essential oil and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Eucalyptus oleosa F. Muell. The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil of the leaves of E. oleosa was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The main constituents of the oil were found to be 1,8-cineole (45.1%), α-pinene (14.52%), and α-terpineol (4.35%). The essential oil showed strong antibacterial activity against the test microorganisms studied, while polar subfraction of methanol extract had moderate antibacterial activity and the nonpolar subfraction of methanol extract did not show any antibacterial activity. In contrast, the extract showed much better activity than the essential oil in antioxidant activity assays employed, e.g., in DPPH systems, the highest radical-scavenging activity was shown by the polar subfraction (15.1 ± 0.7 μg/ml). In the second case, the inhibition capacity (%) of the nonpolar subfraction (98.2% ± 1.5) was found to be the stronger one. In addition, the amounts of total phenol components in the polar subfraction (186.3 ± 2.1 μg/mg) and the nonpolar subfraction (79.6 ± 1.4) were determined.     

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of essential oil and acetone extract of Nigella sativa seeds

The antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of essential oil and acetone extract of black cumin were investigated by different techniques. In the inverted petriplate method, the essential oil showed complete zones of inhibition against Penicillium citrinum at a 6 µl dose. Essential oil showed complete growth inhibition against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 2000 and 3000 ppm, respectively, by the agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring peroxide, TBA and total carbonyl values of rapeseed oil at fixed time intervals. Both the extract and essential oil showed strong antioxidant activity in comparison with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In addition, their inhibitory action in the linoleic acid system was studied by monitoring the accumulation of peroxide concentration. Their radical scavenging capacity was carried out on 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and they showed excellent scavenging activity in comparison with synthetic antioxidants. Their reducing power was also determined, demonstrating strong antioxidant capacity of both the essential oil and extract. Gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric studies on the essential oil resulted in the identification of 38 components representing 84.65% of the total amount. The major component was p‐cymene (36.2%) followed by thymoquinone (11.27%), α‐thujene (10.03%), longifolene (6.32%), β‐pinene (3.78%), α‐pinene (3.33%) and carvacrol (2.12%), whereas extract showed the presence of 16 components representing 97.9% of the total amount. The major components were linoleic acid (53.6%), thymoquinone (11.8%), palmitic acid (10%), p‐cymene (8.6%), longifolene (5.8%) and carvacrol (3.7%). Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

西瓜籽油脂肪酸成分分析及抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究西瓜籽油脂肪酸成分及抗氧化活性。方法：采用索氏回流法对西瓜籽进行提油,对西瓜籽油进行酯化处理,用气相色谱—质谱联机（GC-MS）对其脂肪酸的成分、含量进行分析,通过其对铁离子的还原能力和对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基及超氧阴离子自由基清除能力的测定。结果：西瓜籽油中含有6种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量达到50%以上;西瓜籽油对铁离子具有还原能力,对DPPH自由基的IC₅₀值为3.7 mg/mL,对超氧阴离子自由基的IC₅₀值为0.031 mg/mL,对羟基自由基的IC₅₀值为12.04 mg/mL。结论：西瓜籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,有较好的抗氧化活性。     

五味子挥发油抗氧化性研究

通过对不同部位和不同方法提取的五味子挥发油抗氧化性研究,进一步探索五味子挥发油的药用价值。以水蒸气蒸馏法和超声波辅助萃取法提取五味子挥发油,Vc和VE作为阳性对照品,采用DPPH法测定不同质量浓度挥发油的抗氧化性,以EC50为指标,比较不同方法和部位提取的挥发油抗氧化性。抗氧化性以EC50比较,由强到弱依次为:Vc(34.1140μg/mL)>超声波提取五味子藤茎挥发油(0.7319mg/mL)>超声波提取五味子种子挥发油(0.9983mg/mL)>VE(5.2049mg/mL)>水蒸气蒸馏法提取五味子种子挥发油(7.7334mg/mL)>水蒸气蒸馏法提取五味子藤茎挥发油(10.2814mg/mL)。不同部位,不同提取方法所得的五味子挥发油均具有一定程度的抗氧化活性。     

基于气相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱的四种植物精油成分分析及其抗氧化活性评价

采用气相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用仪（GC-Orbitrap-MS）对不同来源的辣椒精油、姜黄精油、香茅精油和小茴香精油的成分进行确定,通过谱库比对的正/反向匹配度和保留指数（retention index,RI）,共同确证未知化合物,峰面积归一化法计算相对含量,同时运用电子鼻技术对植物精油进行快速鉴别,测定DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率及总抗氧化能力,比较其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:辣椒精油鉴定出33种化合物,主要成分为辣椒碱类化合物;姜黄精油鉴定出95种化合物,主要成分为姜烯、长叶烯等倍半萜化合物;香茅精油鉴定出137种化合物,主要成分为香茅醛、香茅醇、丁香烯等;小茴香精油鉴定出56种化合物,主要成分为反式茴香脑。电子鼻可对不同来源精油进行快速区分,经电子鼻雷达图分析表明W1W、W2W和W5S三个传感器对区别不同来源的精油挥发性成分发挥了关键作用。根据DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率和铁离子还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）检测结果,抗氧化活性从强到弱依次为姜黄精油,香茅精油,辣椒精油,小茴香精油,以来源三的姜黄精油抗氧化活性最强,DPPH、ABTS自由基的半数清除率以及FRAP值分别为1020.99 μL/L、464 μL/L、44.72 μmol Trolox/mL。GC-Orbitrap-MS分析技术可对植物精油的挥发性成分进行全面分析,为植物精油在食品行业中的深入开发提供理论依据。     

Antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of persimmon tannins

Soluble and insoluble tannins from 5 different types of persimmon-unripe, astringent Cheongdobansi (CU); red-ripe Cheongdobansi (CR); unripe, astringent Daebong (DU); red-ripe Daebong (DR); and unripe, non-astringent Fuyu (FU)-were prepared. The antioxidant activity of the tannins was determined by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), ABTS RSA, and reducing power. The strongest DPPH RSA and reducing power were found in the soluble tannins from CU. Soluble tannins from CR, CU, and DU at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL scavenged most of the ABTS radicals. Approximately 83 and 42% suppression of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells were observed in the 100 μg/mL treatments of the soluble tannins from CU and CR, respectively. Soluble tannins showed relatively higher antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities than insoluble tannins. These results demonstrate that soluble and insoluble persimmon tannins showed different antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities according to persimmon types.     

猕猴桃根提取物体外抗氧化作用的研究

探讨猕猴桃根提取物的体外抗氧化作用.采用DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基、过氧化氢和还原力的反应体系,测定猕猴桃根提取物的体外抗氧化作用,并用VC进行对照实验.实验条件下,ERHM对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子(·O2-)、羟基自由基(·OH)、过氧化氢H2O2等均有较强的清除或抑制作用,且显示较好的量效关系,同时具有一定的还原力.其消除DPPH自由基的EC50为8.03 μg/mL,清除超氧阴离子(·O2-)的EC5o为1.28 mg/mL,抑制羟基自由基(·OH)能力可达69.4％,浓度为100 μg/mL时对过氧化氢(H2O2)的清除率为42％.猕猴桃根提取物具有较强的还原力,能有效清除DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基,并抑制羟基自由基的产生.所以,ERHM有效成分具有较为显著的抗氧化作用.     

Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Investigations, and Antioxidative Potentials of Anethum graveolens L. Essential Oil and Acetone Extract: Part 52

ABSTRACT: The antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial potentials of essential oil and acetone extract of Anethum graveolens L. were investigated in the present study. The extract has shown excellent activity for the inhibition of primary and secondary oxidation products for rapeseed oil in comparision with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which were evaluated using peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, p‐anisidine, and carbonyl values. The activity of extract was further confirmed using other antioxidant properties such as ferric thiocyanate method inlinoleic acid system, which reducing power and scavenging effect (%) on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Using inverted Petri plate method, the volatile oil completely inhibited the growth of Fusarium graminearum at 6 μL dose. Moreover, using poison food technique, the essential oil was found to be highly effective for controlling the growth of Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus niger. In antibacterial investigations, using agar well diffusion method, the extract has shown better activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in comparison with commercial bactericide. However, essential oil has shown better activity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gas chromatographic‐mass spectroscopy studies on essential oil resulted in the identification of 35 components, which account for the 98.9% of the total amount. The major component was carvone (55.2%) followed bylimonene (16.6%), dillapiole (14.4%), andlinalool (3.7%). The analysis of acetone extract showed the presence of 25 components, which account for 94.5% of the total amount. The major components were dill apiole (43.2%), linoleic acid (23.1%), trans‐anethole (11.0%), 2‐propanone, 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) (4.6%), carvone (3.1%), p‐anisaldehyde (2.7%), and myristicin (1.5%). In conclusion, the results presented here show that dill essential oil could be considered as a source for natural antimicrobial, whereas its extract could be considered as an alternative source of natural antioxidant.     

苹果玫瑰醋复合饮料营养成分及抗氧化性分析

为考察苹果玫瑰醋复合饮料的营养成分和抗氧化性能,测定了该果醋饮料中的主要有机酸、游离氨基酸、基本营养素和抗氧化活性物质含量及其清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基的能力。结果表明：苹果玫瑰醋复合饮料中乙酸含量为2.74 mg/mL;16种氨基酸总量为441.47 μg/mL,其中必需氨基酸占61.92%,呈味氨基酸占14.69%;7种单体酚总含量为266.97 μg/mL。该果醋对三种自由基均有一定的清除能力,当玫瑰提取液添加量为500 μL/mL时,其DPPH自由基清除率为93.82%,羟自由基清除率为76.58%,超氧阴离子自由基清除率为54.61%,与单一苹果醋饮料相比,复合果醋饮料抗氧化性能明显提高。     

Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Antioxidants in Black Rice Bran

Black rice bran contains phenolic compounds of a high antioxidant activity. In this study, the 40% acetone extract of black rice bran was sequentially fractionated to obtain 5 fractions. Out of the 5 fractions, ethyl acetate fraction was subfractionated using the Sephadex LH‐20 chromatography. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in the extracts was investigated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, 2,2‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylenebenzothiozoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay, reducing power. The subfraction 2 from ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) (816.0 μg/mg) and the lowest EC₅₀ values (47.8 μg/mL for DPPH radical assay, 112.8 μg/mL for ABTS radical cation assay, and 49.2 μg/mL for reducing power). These results were 3.1, 1.3, and 2.6 times lower than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), respectively. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the antioxidant activity and TPC of various extracts was closely correlated, with correlation coefficients (R²) higher than 0.86. The major phenolic acid in subfraction 2 was identified as ferulic acid (178.3 μg/mg) by HPLC and LC‐ESI/MS/MS analyses. Our finding identified ferulic acid as a major phenolic compound in black rice bran, and supports the potential use of black rice bran as a natural source of antioxidant.     

香榧子油抗氧化活性及降血脂功能研究

通过测定香榧子油总抗氧化能力、清除O2、HO·和DPPH自由基能力评价其抗氧化活性;进行了香榧子油对小鼠血清中TG、TC、HDL -C和LDL -C影响的试验,考察其降血脂功能.结果表明,香榧子油能有效地清除自由基,对O2、HO·和DPPH自由基的IC50分别为3.16、4.20和9.20 mg/mL;与高脂模型组相比,香榧子油剂量组TG、TC和LDL -C水平显著降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),HDL -C水平显著升高(P＜0.05).香榧子油具有一定的抗氧化能力,对改善血脂水平有显著的作用.     

不同工艺制备辣椒籽油的体外抗氧化活性比较

采用体外抗氧化活性试验模型,以Vc和VE作对照,比较研究超临界CO_2萃取、石油醚萃取及超临界CO_2萃取后脱色脱胶3种工艺制备的辣椒籽油的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,不同工艺制备的辣椒籽油的还原能力以及对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和H_2O_2的清除率从高到低依次为超临界萃取后脱色脱胶、超临界萃取、石油醚萃取,对DPPH自由基清除率从高到低依次为石油醚萃取、超临界萃取、超临界萃取后脱色脱胶;超临界萃取后脱色脱胶、超临界萃取、石油醚萃取3种工艺制备的辣椒籽油对超氧阴离子自由基的IC_(50)分别为0.09,0.13,0.34mg/mL,对羟基自由基的IC_(50)分别为0.98,1.73,2.19 mg/mL,对DPPH自由基的IC_(50)分别为38.47,10.82,2.00 mg/mL;综合比较,采用超临界CO_2萃取后脱色脱胶制备的辣椒籽油体外抗氧化性最好