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目的:观察葡萄籽提取物原花青素的急性毒性和长期毒性,为其安全应用提供参考。方法:急性毒性实验,对小鼠灌服不同浓度的原花青素混悬液,采用Bliss法计算其LD50。长期毒性实验,将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组和原花青素高、中、低剂量(428.57、214.29、42.86mg(/kg·d))组,连续灌胃给药26周,停药恢复4周,观察大鼠的一般行为、体重增长、食量消耗,进行血液学及血液生化学指征、尿常规检查、系统尸解及组织病理学诊断。结果:原花青素小鼠LD50为3451.9mg/kg。长期毒性实验中,与同期对照组比较,原花青素高、中、低3个剂量组动物行为活动、进食量等均未见异常;血液学指标、血液生化指标和尿液指标未发现与供试品有关的异常改变,病理组织学检查未发现与原花青素相关的异常改变。结论:在本实验条件下未观察到葡萄籽提取物原花青素有明显毒性反应。 相似文献
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Wang P Pan X Chen G Li J Liu L Liu X Jin S Xie L Wang G 《Journal of food science》2012,77(6):H121-H127
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (CM) extract on the pharmacokinetics of retinol and activities of cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) related to retinoid metabolism. Rats were treated with CM extract for 15 d. Plasma concentrations of retinol were measured following oral administration of retinol (45 mg/kg). Basal levels of retinol and retinoic acid in serum and liver were also measured. 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, phenacetin-O-deethylase activity, and 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activities were used to assay the activities of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2B1 in hepatic microsomes of rats, respectively. Protein expressions of the 3 CYP450s were measured by western blot. Our studies demonstrated that CM extract dose-dependently increased basal level of retinol in serum. In pharmacokinetic experiment, CM extract dose-dependently increased plasma concentrations of retinol after oral administration of retinol to rats treated with CM extract. But activities and expressions of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2B1 in hepatic microsomes of rats were also induced by CM extract. 相似文献
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目的研究杭菊花乙醇提取物(CME)经过亲代、宫内、哺乳期和断乳后持续暴露对子代的影响。方法设对照组和CME低、中和高剂量组,CME掺入饲料,剂量分别为0、1、3、9 g/kg BW;参照OECD TG 443开展一代延长试验,每组孕鼠20只及其子鼠每组40只(雌雄各半),子鼠断乳后持续给予CME 13周,测定生长发育、生殖发育、血象、血生化指标,做组织病理学检查。结果 CME高、中剂量组子鼠睁眼时间明显迟于对照组;低剂量组子代雌性大鼠出生后(PND)56~112天体质量明显高于对照组,子代雌性大鼠CME高、低剂量组红细胞计数(RBC)和血红蛋白浓度(HGB)均降低,CME高剂量组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)升高,高、中剂量组谷草转氨酶(AST)、血磷(P)升高,CME各剂量组血糖(GLU)均降低、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)均升高;子代雄性大鼠CME高、低剂量组血清钾(K~+)降低;子代雌雄大鼠CME高剂量组脾脏/体质量系数均高于对照组;以上均差异有统计学意义(F=2.818~42.75,P0.05)。结论低剂量CME促进子代雌性大鼠体质量生长发育,降低子代雌性大鼠的血糖,影响RBC、HGB和LDH;高、中剂量CME影响子代大鼠发育和子代雌性大鼠的肝功能,高剂量CME影响子代雌雄大鼠脾脏/体质量系数。 相似文献
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The extraction of flavonoids is of increasing interest because of their various pharmacological effects. This study is the first attempt for the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (USAEH) applied in the extraction of 2 bioactive flavonoid compounds in celery--luteolin and apigenin. The quantitative yields of luteolin and apigenin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To achieve high yields of extracted compounds, the procedure was optimized with regard to the relative parameters involved. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis using pectinase treatment were a reaction time of 30 min and a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL at pH 3 for luteolin and pH 5.5 for apigenin. The optimal ultrasonic parameters were an exposure period of 30 min at a temperature of 25 °C using a power source of 80 W. Under these optimal conditions, the yields of luteolin and apigenin were increased to 42.5 and 25.3 mg/g, respectively, which represented a 26.1-fold and a 32.2-fold increase in the yields of these 2 compounds, respectively, compared with the control model of aqueous extraction without enzyme or ultrasonic treatment. 相似文献
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菊花化学成分及药理作用的研究进展 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
菊花是一种重要的药用植物,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、舒血管、降血脂、抗肿瘤、驱铅等多种药理作用。现对其化学成分及药理作用研究进展作一综述,以期为今后的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
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目的:对常见的硒强化剂亚硒酸钠的毒性进行研究。方法:以Wistar大鼠为实验动物,分别采用改良寇氏法进行急性毒性实验,剂量递增法进行蓄积毒性实验,以1/20 LD50、1/10 LD50、1/5 LD50剂量连续灌胃30d进行亚急性毒性实验。系统研究亚硒酸钠对大鼠生长状况、组织病理变化、血常规、血液生化指标的影响。结果:大鼠经口灌胃亚硒酸钠的LD50为11.75mg/kg,蓄积系数为3.3,有中等蓄积毒性作用。0.588mg/kg剂量亚硒酸钠对大鼠生长有一定抑制作用,剖检及组织学变化以心、肝、脾、肺、肾等实质器官损伤为主,对主要器官脏器指数、血常规指标、血液生化指标均有不同程度影响。结论:亚硒酸钠属于高毒性物质,可以对大鼠造成急性、蓄积性、亚急性损伤。 相似文献
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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) contains several phytoestrogens that may have health‐promoting effects in humans. In this study, the concentrations of three phytoestrogens (apigenin, coumestrol, and luteolin) of ten field‐grown alfalfa cultivars were determined in the seeding and post‐seeding year at two sites in Sainte‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue, QC, Canada. Herbage and phytoestrogen yield per hectare were concurrently determined. Differences between cultivars were only observed for apigenin concentration and yield and coumestrol yield. There was a 37% variation between cultivars in apigenin concentration. Site‐by‐harvest interactions and harvest main effects were observed for the concentration and yield of all three phytoestrogens. There was a 2‐ and 2.5‐fold variation in coumestrol and luteolin concentrations, respectively, between harvests of both sites. Coumestrol concentration was lower in harvests of the seeding than of the post‐seeding year. Luteolin concentration fluctuated during the five harvests at one site, but was greater in the seeding than in the post‐seeding year at the other site. There was a 5.4‐fold variation in apigenin concentration between harvests of both sites, concentrations being lower in the seeding (avg. 173 µg g?1 DM) than in the post‐seeding year. Results suggest that choice of cultivars have limited impact on alfalfa phytoestrogen concentration, which, however, greatly differ between harvests and sites. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Akira Takano Tomoyasu Kamiya Masahito Tsubata Motoya Ikeguchi Kinya Takagaki Junei Kinjo 《Journal of food science》2013,78(11):T1814-T1821
Kudzu has been widely used as an herbal medicine in China. The root of the kudzu is also well known as an antipyretic and analgesic in treatment of the common cold, while its flower has been used to treat alcohol intoxication, alcohol abuse, and dysentery. Pueraria flower extract (PFE) is a hot water extract derived from the flower of the kudzu, Pueraria thomsonii Benth. (Fabaceae), oral intake of which exhibits anti‐obesity properties in mice and humans. In this study, we conducted acute and subchronic toxicity studies for an evaluation of safety. In the acute study, PFE (5 g/kg body weight) was orally administered to ddY mice. For 14 d after administration, no deaths or abnormal changes were observed in general signs, body weight (BW), or food consumption, and no abnormal findings were observed in the major organs and tissues of either males or females at necropsy. The oral LD50 of PFE was therefore estimated to be higher than 5 g/kg BW. In the subchronic study, PFE was mixed into the diet in place of powdered CRF‐1 and administered at concentrations of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.5%, and 5.0% to male and female Sprague–Dawley rats for 90 d. No mortality or toxicological changes were observed during the experimental period. Blood biochemical, hematological, and urinary parameters revealed no toxicologically significant changes. Furthermore, no anatomical or histopathological changes due to PFE were observed. The no‐observed adverse‐effect‐level of PFE was thus estimated to be 5.0% in the diet (male: 3.0 g/kg BW/d; female: 3.5 g/kg BW/d). 相似文献
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为综合评价生物质炭、调理剂和腐殖酸3种不同钝化剂对杭白菊镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)含量降解的影响,通过土壤盆栽实验研究了钝化剂处理下Cd和Pb在2种土壤-杭白菊体系中的富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化。结果表明:在2种不同程度Cd和Pb污染土壤中添加3种钝化剂杭白菊整体对Cd富集系数均降低,其中添加生物质炭降幅最显著(54.70%、72.27%);添加生物质炭相较于其它2种钝化剂对抑制Cd和Pb在茎-花间的迁移以及菊花茶茶渣中的残留量效果均最显著,茶渣中两者的残留在土壤1中分别下降48.91%、56.10%,土壤2中分别下降62.77%、86.00%。土壤1中添加生物质炭花中绿原酸、木犀草苷和异绿原酸A含量与对照相比增幅最显著,分别为154.93%、77.11%和99.09%;而土壤2中添加3种钝化剂,3种有效成分含量均极显著提高。综合分析,生物质炭对Cd和Pb在杭白菊植株中的降解,降低菊花茶中的残留以及提升菊花品质方面效果最佳,可作为杭白菊种植区土壤钝化修复首选材料。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Ionic liquids are a class of organic salts with melting points equal to or below 100 °C, and their use in sample preparation has shown its promise, for example, in alleviation of environmental pollution and improvement of selectivity and extraction of certain interesting compounds. RESULTS: Optimal conditions were obtained by using 1.0 mol L?1 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methylsulfate ([Bmim][MS]) aqueous solution at pH 1.0 as the extraction solvent. An ultrasonic power of 200 W was chosen to ensure complete dispersion of [Bmim][MS] into celery in 90 min and the solid:liquid ratio was 1:10. CONCLUSION: The proposed ultrasonic assistant extraction approach, based on ionic liquid aqueous solution, exhibited satisfactory results, with recovery values ranging from 72.7% to 89.5%. Under optimal conditions, compared with conventional solvent extraction amounts of luteolin and apigenin were more than doubled. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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该文评价了黑果枸杞花青素提取物(Anthocyanins extract of Lycium ruthenicum,AEL)的急性毒性和亚急性毒性。采用固定剂量法一次灌胃AEL 8 000 mg/kg进行经口急性毒性试验,观察小鼠毒性反应,记录14 d内一般状态。选取SD大鼠进行30 d喂养试验,记录大鼠体质量和体征变化,实验结束时进行尿液生化指标、血液学指标、血清生化指标检查,并观察脏器形态变化,计算脏体系数和脏脑系数。研究发现:急性毒性试验中,小鼠无不良反应,体质量正常增长,解剖脏器未见明显异常;连续灌胃30 d后,各组大鼠体质量正常增长,未见明显中毒反应;与对照组比较,高剂量组雌性大鼠单核细胞百分比(M%)显著升高(P<0.05),AST/ALT的比值显著降低(P<0.05);高剂量组雄性大鼠血清Cl-、脾脏系数高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组大鼠其余尿液生化指标、血液学指标、血清生化指标、脏体系数和脏脑系数无明显异常。结果表明:小鼠对AEL的单次灌胃最大耐受剂量不低于8 000 mg/kg;连续灌胃30 d,大鼠未见明显中毒反应,AEL在该实验条件下无急性、亚急性毒性,具有较高的安全性。 相似文献
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建立半枝莲药材中野黄芩苷、黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素含量同时测定的HPLC方法。色谱条件为DiamonsilC18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,检测波长为335 nm,流动相为乙腈(A)-1%冰醋酸水溶液(B)进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,柱温为30℃。野黄芩苷、黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素浓度分别在2.0200、0.550、0.550、0.550μg/m L范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好。在精密度实验、稳定性实验、重复性实验中,野黄芩苷、黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)<2.0%;野黄芩苷、黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素的加样回收率范围及平均值和RSD分别为97.73%101.7%、99.72%、1.36%(n=9),97.78%102.8%、99.53%、1.99%(n=9),97.40%102.4%、99.39%、1.84%(n=9)和97.80%102.0%、99.24%、1.49%(n=9)。所测12份不同产地半枝莲药材中,野黄芩苷、黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素的含量范围分别为2.417.08、0.260.56、0.310.90、0.280.95 mg/g。本方法具有良好的专属性和重现性,加样回收率实验符合要求,能准确、稳定地对半枝莲药材中野黄芩苷、黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素含量进行同时定量测定。 相似文献
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Ulluwis H. A. J. Hewawansa;Michael J. Houghton;Elizabeth Barber;Ricardo J. S. Costa;Barry Kitchen;Gary Williamson; 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2024,23(2):e13307
Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) plants are grown in warmer climates throughout the world and processed to produce sugar as well as other useful byproducts such as molasses and bagasse. Sugarcane is rich in (poly)phenols, but there has been no attempt to critically evaluate the published information based on the use of suitable methodologies. The objective of this review is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative (poly)phenolic profiles of individual parts of the sugarcane plant and its multiple industrial products, which will help develop new processes and uses for sugarcane (poly)phenols. The quantitative analysis involves the examination of extraction, concentration, and analytical techniques used in each study for each plant part and product. The qualitative analysis indicates the identification of various (poly)phenols throughout the sugarcane processing chain, using only compounds elucidated through robust analytical methodologies such as mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance. In conclusion, sugarcane (poly)phenols are predominantly flavonoids and phenolic acids. The main flavonoids, derivatives of apigenin, luteolin, and tricin, with a substantial proportion of C-glycosides, are consistently found across all phases of sugarcane processing. The principal phenolic acids reported throughout the process include chlorogenic acids, as well as ferulic and caffeic acids mostly observed after hydrolysis. The derivation of precise quantitative information across publications is impeded by inconsistencies in analytical methodologies. The presence of multiple (poly)phenols with potential benefits for industrial applications and for health suggests sugarcane could be a useful provider of valuable compounds for future use in research and industrial processes. 相似文献
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Hyun‐Yong Kim Guanglei Zuo Soo Kyeong Lee Soon Sung Lim 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(5):2242-2250
Licorice is used as a medicinal plant, and several studies have shown that licorice has beneficial effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of nonpolar licorice extract using toxicity experiments. Nonpolar extract from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (NERG) was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant ability was determined by method of TPC and DPPH. Blood pressure was monitored by using blood pressure meter. In the acute study, a single dose (2,000 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice. In the subchronic study, mice were treated with extract at doses (50, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) for 120 days. Significantly difference was not shown at blood pressure, hematological, and biochemical parameters, and histopathology on mice. The results suggested that at acute and subchronic toxicity, each levels of nonpolar licorice extract administration in experiments did not cause toxicity effects or death on mice. 相似文献
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采用清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)方法,评价开封产黄色菊花(春日剑山和麦浪)的体外总抗氧化活性,并将所测结果与水溶性维生素E(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylicacid,Trolox)及阳性对照二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)进行比较。结果发现,不同菊花的不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性不同。随着提取溶剂极性的增大,同种菊花不同溶剂提取物总的抗氧化活性逐渐增大,即甲醇提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物>石油醚提取物。所有提取物中,麦浪甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性最好,它清除DPPH自由基的能力(IC50=20·01mg/L)略低于BHT(IC=18·92mg/L),清除ABTS自由基的能力(IC=25·93mg/L)约为BHT(IC值为7·72mg/L)的1/3。 相似文献
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滁菊的功能成分及其体外抗氧化活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确滁菊中抗氧化活性物质的含量及其抗氧化能力,对其进行进一步的开发利用,对滁菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat)酚类、多糖、类胡萝卜素提取物抗氧化能力及含量进行研究。结果表明:滁菊总酚和黄酮含量较高,分别为53.67 mg/g和70.32 mg/g,高于大洋菊等菊花;多糖和类胡萝卜素含量较低。3 种提取物中,酚类抗氧化能力最强,对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)和2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS)阳离子自由基的清除能力分别为208.79 mmol/g和160.23 mmol/g,对Fe3+的还原能力达到238.35 mmol/g,高于杭白菊等菊花。采用高效液相色谱法测定了滁菊酚类及类胡萝卜素单体组成,初步鉴定出滁菊含有绿原酸、儿茶素、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、金丝桃苷、槲皮素6 种单体酚,以及叶黄素和β-类胡萝卜素2 种类胡萝卜素单体。酚类物质中绿原酸含量最高,达到813.21 mg/g;金丝桃苷次之,达到408.17 mg/g;类胡萝卜素中叶黄素含量最高,为78.6 mg/g。在不考虑协同作用情况下,酚类物质中绿原酸对Fe3+还原能力、DPPH及ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力的贡献均最大,类胡萝卜素中叶黄素对DPPH自由基的清除能力贡献最大。 相似文献