Recent Advances in Solid-State White Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Compared to organic light-emitting diodes, solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) exhibit advantages of simple device structures, low operation voltages, and compatibility with air-stable metal electrodes. Since the first demonstration of white LECs in 1997, the cells have been studied extensively, due to their potential applications in solid-state lighting. This article reviews the development of white LECs based on conjugated polymers and cationic transition metal complexes. Important achievements of each work on white LECs are highlighted. Finally, the outlook for future development of white LECs is discussed.     

有机电致发光器件中几种常用组分的荧光光谱研究

利用荧光光谱对电致发光器件(OLED)中几种常用化学组分的荧光猝灭和光诱导电子转移问题进行了研究．发现两种常用的空穴传输材料NPB和TPD与常用电子传输材料AlQ3在光的帮助下可发生电子转移、根据荧光猝灭的Stern—Volmer作图和用单光子记数法测得的荧光寿命而计算得到的猝灭速度常数和扩散速度常数相对应，明确地表明这里的猝灭具有电子转移特征、并对所得的结果进行了讨论。     

Recent advances in conjugated polymers for light emitting devices

A recent advance in the field of light emitting polymers has been the discovery of electroluminescent conjugated polymers, that is, kind of fluorescent polymers that emit light when excited by the flow of an electric current. These new generation fluorescent materials may now challenge the domination by inorganic semiconductor materials of the commercial market in light-emitting devices such as light-emitting diodes (LED) and polymer laser devices. This review provides information on unique properties of conjugated polymers and how they have been optimized to generate these properties. The review is organized in three sections focusing on the major advances in light emitting materials, recent literature survey and understanding the desirable properties as well as modern solid state lighting and displays. Recently, developed conjugated polymers are also functioning as roll-up displays for computers and mobile phones, flexible solar panels for power portable equipment as well as organic light emitting diodes in displays, in which television screens, luminous traffic, information signs, and light-emitting wallpaper in homes are also expected to broaden the use of conjugated polymers as light emitting polymers. The purpose of this review paper is to examine conjugated polymers in light emitting diodes (LEDs) in addition to organic solid state laser. Furthermore, since conjugated polymers have been approved as light-emitting organic materials similar to inorganic semiconductors, it is clear to motivate these organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and organic lasers for modern lighting in terms of energy saving ability. In addition, future aspects of conjugated polymers in LEDs were also highlighted in this review.     

Recent Advances in Organometallic Polymers as Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Emitters

Recent progress and development of organometallic electrophosphorescent polymers, which attracted increasing interest of researchers in the field of phosphorescent light-emitting devices, has been reviewed. The synthesis, structural characterization, photoluminescence, electroluminescence and possible application of electrophosphorescent polymers are surveyed and discussed. This paper is dedicated to the outstanding scientific accomplishments of Professor Ian Manners to the field of inorganic and organometallic polymers.     

Recent Advances in Solution-Processed White Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices

Solution-processed white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have drawn great attention both in the academic and industrial research communities due to the potential application in low-cost, large-area, solid-state lightings. Issues related to the device efficiencies are largely hampering progress in this field. Alongside the development of new materials and novel device architectures, distinct progress has been made for such white devices. In particular, the all-phosphorescent light-emitting strategy has been intensively developed in recent years, mainly focusing on a host guest, doping-system-based, single-active-layer structure and a solution-processed, multilayer device structure. Novel approaches, including white single polymers and excimer-/exciplex-based white devices, have also appeared as a promising choice and received great attention. As a prerequisite, the issue of the morphology of the emissive layer is also important and has an influence on the optoelectronic behavior of the device. Herein, major advances in solution-processed WOLEDs based on polymers, dendrimers, or solution-processed small molecules are summarized. Special attention is focused on the main progress in high-efficiency, solution-processed WOLEDs with the key strategies mentioned above and the morphology issue in these systems. The remaining challenges in pursuing the development of reliable and energy-saving lighting devices are also discussed.     

纳米多孔配位聚合物的研究进展

纳米多孔材料可用作催化剂、气体储存材料和光电子器件,是目前新型多孔材料的研究热点之一.借助自组装技术,选择羧酸类、联吡啶类和吡啶羧酸类化合物作为桥联配体,可获得一维、二维和三维的多孔配位聚合物.简要综述了该类纳米多孔配位聚合物的设计原理、合成路线和应用前景,评价了其合成方法的优缺点.由于其特殊的结构和性质,纳米多孔配位聚合物将发展成为具有光、电、磁等性质的多功能材料.     

Recent Advances in Multicolor Emission and Color Tuning of Heteroleptic Iridium Complexes

We review recent advances in the spectroscopic properties of heteroleptic Ir(N^C)₂(LX)-type iridium complexes, which are known as color-tuning materials. Most Ir(N^C)₂(LX)-type Ir complexes give single emission, in accordance with Kasha’s rule. Dual emission, however, has been observed from a single Ir(N^C)₂(LX) complex, depending on the choice of the N^C moiety and LX ligands. For example, Ir(dfppy)₂(pq), Ir(ppy)₂(dpq-3F), Ir(ppy)₂(pq), and Ir(pq)₂(tpy) (dfppy=2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine, pq=2-phenylquinoline, ppy=2-phenylpyridine, dpq-3F=2-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-phenylquinoline, tpy=2-p-tolylpyridine). Recently, triple emission was observed from Ir(ppy)₂(BTZ)-type iridium complexes with two ppy ligands as (N^C)₂ and one 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (BTZ) ligand, while quadruple emission from Ir(ppy)₂Q-type iridium complexes with two ppy ligands as (N^C)₂ and one quinolinolato (Q) ligand. These multiple emissions cover a spectral range from blue to red, leading to white emission. Of the four emission bands from Ir(ppy)₂Q, the UV and violet emissions are attributed to the emission from the singlet states of IrQ and Ir(ppy), respectively, while the green and red emissions are attributed to emission from the triplet states of Ir(ppy) and IrQ. The appearance of the emission from each of the Ir(ppy) and IrQ (or Ir(BTZ)) components is understood by reduced Förster energy transfer between IrQ (or Ir(BTZ)) and Ir(ppy) due to an orientation factor of nearly zero, that is, due to orthogonality between the two ligand planes, while the appearance of both the fluorescence and phosphorescence bands from each of the ligands is understood by inefficient intersystem crossing from the upper singlet state to the lower triplet state.     

无机纳米相一纳米纤维素杂化纳米材料的研究进展

分别介绍了近年来利用贵金属纳米粒子、无机陶瓷纳米相（包括金属氧化物、金属硫化物、黏土类、纳米羟基磷灰石和纳米碳酸钙）、磁性纳米纤维素、碳纳米相与纳米纤维素进行复合的研究进展,并建议加强对纳米纤维素基杂化材料的基础理论研究,改进现有制备方法并开发出更加节能减耗的新方法,以及更多极具应用前景的无机纳米材料实现优势互补的分子级复合,定向设计合成出适用不同场合、满足不同需求的高性能、多功能新型先进复合材料。     

无机纳米相-纳米纤维素杂化纳米材料的研究进展

分别介绍了近年来利用贵金属纳米粒子、无机陶瓷纳米相(包括金属氧化物、金属硫化物、黏土类、纳米羟基磷灰石和纳米碳酸钙)、磁性纳米纤维素、碳纳米相与纳米纤维素进行复合的研究进展,并建议加强对纳米纤维素基杂化材料的基础理论研究,改进现有制备方法并开发出更加节能减耗的新方法,以及更多极具应用前景的无机纳米材料实现优势互补的分子级复合,定向设计合成出适用不同场合、满足不同需求的高性能、多功能新型先进复合材料。     

有机半导体的异质结(Hetero-junction)问题

有机异质结在有机电子器件中起到十分重要的作用,它不仅对有机器件中载流子的运动起到控制和调节的作用,而且对器件的基本功能特征,诸如光-电转换,电-光转换器件中某些要害步骤(如电子转移,能量转移等)起到重要的作用.本文扼要地从层间能量关系对有关有机异质结进行分类和讨论,并对异质结的界面能量关系中存在的问题及其进展作了介绍.显然,这将对有关器件设计的思路有所帮助.     

Advances in Inorganic and Hybrid Ion Exchangers

Ion-exchange materials have been used in industrial applications for well over one hundred years. Since the introduction of polymer based ion exchangers more than seventy years ago, the use of these materials has grown and has dominated the commercial market for more than half a century. Inorganic and hybrid inorganic/organic materials continue to garner attention due to their chemical and radiation stability and effectiveness over wide range of conditions. Driving these research efforts is the desire to improve the selectivity and increase the capacity of the ion-exchanger for a particular application. This article presents a review of the literature detailing the syntheses, characterization, and ion-exchange performance of inorganic and hybrid ion-exchange materials.     

混合菌群合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯研究进展

聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）是微生物体内合成的可生物降解塑料,可以作为化学塑料的替代品。利用纯培养微生物发酵的合成方法由于使用葡萄糖等优质底物及过程需灭菌等原因,产品成本较高,严重制约了PHA的广泛使用;混合菌群利用废弃物合成PHA有效降低了纯培养方法的生产成本,因此受到人们越来越多的关注。本文对混合菌群合成PHA的历史沿革、合成原理、生产工艺、提取方法等方面进行了系统综述。回顾了混合菌群合成PHA的发展历程,简述了两种主要的合成机理,介绍了不同底物合成PHA的代谢途径,重点阐述了混菌合成PHA的三段式工艺和产物提取方法,同时也对新近的研究动态进行了分析总结。指出提高混菌浓度与利用实际废弃物的能力将成为未来研究的关键。     

The unique optical behaviour of bio‐related materials with organic chromophores

Molecularly designed materials based on macromolecules and organic dyes offer unique opportunities in connection with the possibility of preparing optically responsive ‘smart’ materials. Indeed macromolecules are able to transmit and amplify small signals reaching sites at interacting distance through the involvement of the whole chain. The corresponding materials can then acquire stimuli‐responsive properties in relation to specific features connected to primary structure and conformation. As a first approach to benefit from the above features for preparing eco‐compatible smart materials, bio‐related polypeptides, polysaccharides and polyesters can be used as the macromolecular partner in combination with a selected dye following different interaction methodologies. Two distinct routes were used to prepare optically responsive products from the above bio‐related polymers, respectively based either on the covalent bonding to the original macromolecules of photochromic molecular species, such as azobenzene and spiropyran, or on the morphology‐modulated dispersion of highly conjugated dyes in the polymer bulk. Examples related to the two different routes have been investigated in our laboratory and are presented and discussed also with reference to selected recent cases from the literature. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Recent advances in photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications

The current state‐of‐the‐art of photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications is summarized and reviewed. Photorefractive polymers and some kinds of photoactive materials based on the azobenzene chromophore have great potential for updatable holographic applications. Updatable three‐dimensional holographic displays of large size have been developed using photorefractive polymers as well as photoactive azobenzene materials. Time responses of photorefractive polymers of the order of seconds and hundreds of milliseconds are currently improved to be of the order of milliseconds to hundreds of microseconds with high diffraction efficiency and high optical gain. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

Recent Advances in Boron Nitride Based Hybrid Polymer Nanocomposites

Boron nitride (BN) is an eminent inorganic compound having many interesting characteristics such as improved oxidation resistance, mechanical strength, good thermal conductivity (TC), higher bandgap, high chemical stability, thermal stability, high hydrophobicity, and electrical insulation. The use of BN as a filler in polymers is a well-established strategy to tailor the properties of polymer composites. Recent studies depict an interesting urge to reap the synergistic effect of various nanofillers with BN in the form of hybrids. Hence the consolidation of the works on BN based hybrid fillers would definitely attract researchers so that these new filler systems could be transformed into useful polymer nanocomposites in future. This review article focuses on the synthesis and characterization of various boron nitride based hybrids in detail. Moreover, the review also throws light on different BN hybrid reinforced polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) and their thermal, electrical, electronic as well as biomedical applications in a detailed manner. Thus the review anticipates serving as a tool toward understanding the recent trends in the field of boron nitride hybrid based ternary polymer composites.     

Recent Advances in Conjugated Transition Metal-containing Polymers and Materials

Metal-containing conjugated oligomers and polymers are reviewed, focusing on the work carried out by the author and coworkers since 1995. The synthesis of model systems, electropolymerizable monomers and polymer films are discussed, along with the electronic and spectroscopic properties of these systems. The application of phosphino-oligothiophene ligands as an entry to conjugated metallopolymers is described.     

有机电致发光空穴传输材料的合成

有机电致发光中空穴传输材料对整个器件的性能有重要作用。系统地综述了空穴传输材料的研究现状,包括Ullmann偶合法、钯催化法、格氏反应、Suzuki偶合等。同时对合成的空穴传输材料的特性进行了简述。     

反应性共混体系研究近况

综述了反应性增容技术研制高分子合金的最新进展。分别讨论了各种反应性增容技术,着重阐述了带有活官能团的反应性聚合物的增容作用     

吲哚啉螺吡喃光致变色化合物研究的最新进展

综述了近年来吲哚啉螺吡喃研究现状与动向，介绍了它们的结构，合成方法以及在光信息存储材料中的光致变色性能.有45篇参考文献.     

Electrochromic Solid-State Devices Using Organic-Metallic Hybrid Polymers

Organic-metallic hybrid polymers are formed by the complexation of metal ions with organic modules bearing two coordination sites. The hybrid polymers consisting of bis-terpyridines and metal ions such as Fe(II) or Ru(II) have a specific color based on the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption. Cyclic voltammograms of the polymers exhibit a reversible redox wave according to the redox reaction of the metal ions. Interestingly, a polymer film cast on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode exhibits excellent electrochromic properties; the color of the film disappears when a higher potential as compares to the redox potential of the metal ions is applied to the polymer film. In addition, multicolor electrochromic changes appear on introducing two types of metal ions to the polymer. Electrochromic solid-state devices are successfully fabricated by using these polymers. This paper is dedicated to Professor Takakazu Yamamoto in honor of his pioneering research efforts and accomplishments in the fields of organometallics and π-conjugated polymers.