真实复杂场景下基于残差收缩网络的单幅图像超分辨率方法

真实世界中极少存在成对的高低分辨率图像对，传统的基于图像对训练模型的单幅图像超分辨率（SR）方法采用合成数据集的方式得到训练集时仅考虑了双线性下采样退化，且传统图像超分辨率方法在面向真实的未知退化图像时重建效果较差。针对上述问题，提出一种面向真实复杂场景的图像超分辨率方法。首先，采用不同焦距对景物进行拍摄并配准得到相机采集的真实高低分辨率图像对，构建一个场景多样的数据集CSR(Camera Super-Resolution dataset)；其次，为了尽可能地模拟真实世界中的图像退化过程，根据退化因素参数随机化和非线性组合退化改进图像退化模型，并且结合高低分辨率图像对数据集和图像退化模型以合成训练集；最后，由于数据集中考虑了退化因素，引入残差收缩网络和U-Net改进基准模型，尽可能地减少退化因素在特征空间中的冗余信息。实验结果表明，所提方法在复杂退化条件下相较于次优BSRGAN(Blind Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network)方法，在RealSR和CSR测试集中PSNR指标分别提高了0.7 dB和0.14 dB，而SSIM分别...     

基于改进CycleGAN的视频监控人脸超分辨率恢复算法

针对有监督超分辨率算法训练过程需要大量成对图像、处理真实低分辨率图像视觉恢复效果差等问题,提出了一种基于改进CycleGAN的半监督算法Cycle-SRNet.首先,利用退化模型获得与真实低分辨率人脸相似的图像,用于训练网络参数;其次,通过重建模型恢复出具有真实效果的高分辨率人脸图像;最后引入感知损失函数保持人脸结构相似性,以更好地恢复面部特征.实验结果表明,该算法不需要成对的图像进行网络训练,在视觉效果上能够将模糊的视频监控低分辨率人脸图像恢复成清晰可辨的人脸图像,在FID、PSNR和SSIM指标上超越了SRCNN、SRGAN、CinCGAN等方法.     

基于简单通道注意力机制的单图像超分辨率重建算法

现有的单图像超分辨率重建算法一般存在重建图像过于失真或将低分辨率图像噪点放大的问题，针对上述两个问题，提出一种基于简单通道注意力机制的生成对抗网络(SCAGAN)模型。采用随机高阶退化模型缓解重建图像过于失真的问题；加入简单通道注意力机制模块到残差密集块中作为模型的生成器网络模块，解决重建图像将低分辨率图像重建后噪点会放大的问题。实验数据表明，与现有的超分辨率算法相比，该算法有效降低了重建图像过于失真与将低分辨率图像噪点放大的问题，重建出的图像更加真实自然。     

一种多幅欠采样图像的凸集投影超分辨率重建方法

介绍了一种由多幅欠采样低分辨率图像重建一幅高分辨率图像的凸集投影超分辨率重建技术。首先介绍了超分辨率空间域迭代重建方法中一个至关重要的因素--成像过程模型;其次通过介绍凸集投影的理论依据,给出了插值-模拟采样迭代超分辨率重建方法的模型和重建步骤;最后通过实验数据对算法进行了验证。     

基于双分支融合的反馈迭代金字塔去模糊和超分辨率算法

针对低分辨率模糊图像实施超分辨率重建后出现大量伪影和边缘纹理不清晰问题,提出了一种双分支融合的反馈迭代金字塔算法.首先采用不同的分支模块分别提取低分辨率模糊图像中潜在的去模糊特征和超分辨率特征信息;然后采用自适应融合机制将两种不同性质的特征进行信息匹配,使网络在去模糊和超分辨率重建模块中更加关注模糊区域;其次使用迭代金字塔重建模块将低分辨率模糊图像渐进重建为逼近真实分布的超分辨率清晰图像;最后重建图像通过分支反馈模块生成清晰低分辨率图像,构建反馈监督.在GOPRO数据集中与现有算法的对比实验结果表明,所提算法能够生成纹理细节更加清晰的超分辨率图像.     

基于DCT变换和零次学习的刑侦图像超分辨率

图像超分辨率在视频侦查领域有重要作用.基于卷积神经网络的超分辨率算法通常在训练时输入人工合成的低分辨率图像,学习高、低分辨率图像的映射,很难应用于视频侦查领域.真实低分辨率图像退化过程复杂未知,且大都经过压缩算法的处理,存在人工压缩痕迹,导致超分辨率图像出现假纹理.针对真实场景下的低分辨率图像提出一种基于离散余弦变换(...     

基于正则化的超分辨率图像重建方法及其实现

超分辨率图像重建是用同一景物的若干低分辨率图像通过数字图像处理技术获取其高分辨率图像的一种技术.介绍了基于正则化方法的超分辨率图像重建的研究现状和以正则化为基础的几种重建方法在近几年的研究和发展趋势.在此基础上,实现了一种遥感图像的正则化超分辨率重建算法,实验验证了方法的有效性.     

单幅图像超分辨率重建技术研究进展

图像分辨率是衡量一幅图像质量的重要标准. 在军事、医学和安防等领域, 高分辨率图像是专业人士分析问题并做出准确判断的前提. 根据成像采集设备、退化因素等条件对低分辨率图像进行超分辨率重建成为一个既具有研究价值又极具挑战性的难点问题. 首先简述了图像超分辨率重建的概念、重建思想和方法分类; 然后重点分析用于单幅图像超分辨率重建的空域方法, 梳理基于插值和基于学习两大类重建方法中的代表性算法及其特点; 之后结合用于超分辨率重建技术的数据集, 重点分析比较了传统超分辨率重建方法和基于深度学习的典型超分辨率重建方法的性能; 最后对图像超分辨率重建未来的发展趋势进行展望.     

图像超分辨率深度学习研究及应用进展

图像超分辨率重建是用低分辨率图像重建出对应的高分辨率图像的过程。目前,图像超分辨率技术已经成功应用于计算机视觉和图像处理领域。近年来,由于深度学习具有能够从大量数据中自动学习特征的能力,因此被广泛应用于图像超分辨率领域中。介绍了图像超分辨重建的背景,详细总结了用于图像超分辨率的深度学习模型,阐述了图像超分辨率技术在卫星遥感图像、医学影像、视频监控、工业检测任务方面的应用。总结了图像超分辨算法的当前研究现状以及未来发展方向。     

跨尺度混合注意力的遥感图像超分辨率重建

为了解决现有遥感图像超分辨率重建模型对长期特征相似性和多尺度特征相关性关注不足的问题, 提出了一种基于跨尺度混合注意力机制的遥感图像超分辨率重建算法. 首先提出了一个全局层注意力机制(global layer attention, GLA), 利用层注意力机制加权融合不同层级的全局特征, 建模低分辨率与高分辨率图像特征间的长期依赖关系. 同时, 设计了跨尺度局部注意力机制(cross-scale local attention, CSLA), 在多尺度的低分辨率特征图中寻找与高分辨率图像匹配的局部信息补丁, 并融合不同尺度的补丁特征, 以优化模型对图像细节信息的恢复能力. 最后, 提出一种局部信息感知损失函数来指导图像的重建过程, 进一步提高了重建图像的视觉质量和细节保留能力. 在UC-Merced数据集上的实验结果表明, 本文方法在3种放大倍数下的平均PSNR/SSIM优于大多数主流方法, 并在视觉效果方面展现出更高的质量和更好的细节保留能力.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).