复合式VCSEL型CO和CH4激光气体检测系统设计

一氧化碳(CO)和甲烷(CH₄)是大气中主要的污染性气体,而且二者都属于易燃易爆气体。一氧化碳和甲烷浓度检测在人民生产生活各个领域都具有重要意义。因此,本文开展了VCSEL型CO和CH₄双组分TDLAS气体检测系统的研究。针对双组分气体检测,提出了一种双波长分时扫描式自主校正检测技术,消除了光信号的交叉干扰,实现了单信号环路对双组分气体的高精度检测;针对VCSEL激光器工作温度稳定性要求高和阈值电流低等工作特性,设计了高精度温控电路和精密电流驱动电路;针对双组分气体光电探测器信号幅值不同的特点,设计了偏压和增益数控可调的光信号采集处理电路。本系统进行了整体性能测试,稳定性较好。     

基于跨波长调制和直接吸收光谱的宽量程多气体检测方法

针对可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy,TDLAS)在煤矿、石油化工领域进行气体浓度检测时,遇到的高精度、宽动态范围需求,采用时分复用的方法,将直接吸收光谱技术(Direct Absorption Spectroscopy,DAS)和波长调制光谱(Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy,WMS)技术的优势相结合,完成了高精度、宽量程和免标定多气体检测系统的设计。设计激光器的驱动为线性扫描输出和叠加不同高频调制扫描输出的周期信号,用于完成高低浓度反演算法的时分复用计算,通过实验优化选择检测气体的吸光度拐点,实现对气体浓度的高精度、宽量程检测。在室温和常压下,通过实验分别对CH₄、CO和C₂H₂三种气体体积浓度进行检测,确定了两种算法最佳拐点吸光度约为0.026 cm^-1。系统对CH₄、CO和C₂H₂三种气体体积浓度的检测量程分...     

基于组合激光光源的双组分微量气体检测系统

CH₄和C₂H₂是变压器发生故障时两种重要的特征气体。为了实现对变压器中溶解的微量CH₄和C₂H₂气体含量检测的需求, 采用激光光声光谱气体检测技术, 通过分析CH₄和C₂H₂气体的近红外吸收谱线, 选取合适的激光光源并确定激光调制参数; 设计并搭建了一套以双激光光源和非共振光声池为核心的光声光谱微量CH₄和C₂H₂气体检测系统, 获得了系统对CH₄和C₂H₂气体检测灵敏度和低含量检测误差。结果表明, CH₄和C₂H₂气体分别在体积分数为0~1000×10-6和0~500×10-6的范围内具有良好的线性响应, 每10-6体积分数的检测响应度分别为5.8969μV和16.1831μV; 在低含量CH₄/C₂H₂混合气体对系统的重复性和精度测试中, CH₄气体体积分数为3.00×10-6时的检测最大绝对误差为0.30×10-6, C₂H₂气体体积分数为0.50×10-6时的检测最大绝对误差为0.20×10-6。此研究结果满足测量误差的技术指标要求, 实现了对微量CH₄和C₂H₂气体的高灵敏度检测。     

基于深度学习算法的原位激光CO2检测系统研制

随着全球变暖日益严重，精准检测CO₂浓度具有重要的研究意义。可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)具有高灵敏度、高分辨率等特点，被广泛应用于气体检测领域。为进一步提升TDLAS气体检测技术的检测精度，本文提出一种基于深度学习的原位激光二氧化碳检测系统。该系统采用BP神经网络算法反演CO₂浓度，补偿了温度压强对气体浓度反演的影响，提升了检测精度；采用无线通信模块，通过MQTT协议将检测的CO₂数据上传至OneNET云平台，实现了CO₂浓度的原位检测。经测试，该系统可以快速、稳定的处理数据，并且适配于其他气体检测系统。     

基于深度学习的嵌入式CO2浓度反演算法实现

以CO₂为主的温室气体排放使得全球变暖，严重影响生态环境，2021年习近平主席在二十国集团领导人峰会上提出“中国将力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和”,因此精确检测CO₂气体浓度具有重要研究意义。由于CO₂气体吸收谱线的展宽受到气体压力、温度等因素影响，导致TDLAS气体检测系统测量结果误差增大，因此本文结合HITRAN数据库仿真，提出了基于BP神经网络深度学习的CO₂浓度反演算法和嵌入式实现方法，实现了对气体浓度的补偿，为嵌入式浓度反演算法设计提供理论依据。该算法可以移植到STM32F407中，经过测试，气体浓度的检测误差小，有效提升了气体检测精度，此方法同样适用于TDLAS型的其他气体检测应用场景中。     

基于红外TDLAS技术的高精度CO2同位素检测系统的研制

对天然气分布监测,高精度地检测CO₂同位素是非常重要的。采用可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术,通过13CO₂/12CO₂在4.3 μm处的吸收谱线,实现高精度CO₂同位素检测。该检测系统由工作在连续波模式下的中红外间带级联激光器(ICL)、长光程多通池(MPGC)和中红外碲镉汞(MCT)探测器组成。针对13CO₂和12CO₂两条吸收谱线强度受温度影响的问题,研制了MPGC高精度温度控制系统。实验中,配置5种不同浓度的CO₂气体对检测系统进行标定,响应线性度可达0.999 6。结果表明,当积分时间为92 s时,同位素检测精度低至0.013 9‰,具备实际应用价值。     

用于CO激光TDLAS型气体检测系统的光电检测电路研制

准确检测CO浓度对环境保护和安全生产具有重要的意义,TDLAS技术是一种高效、高精度的CO气体浓度检测方案。设计了一种用于CO激光TDLAS型气体检测系统的光电检测电路。CO气体选择性吸收由激光器发出的特定波长信号,而后光信号经过光电探测电路转换为有效的电压信号,运用TLC4545模数转换芯片进行数据采集,并将其发送到主控芯片STM32F105R8进行处理,使用W25Q128闪存完成对实验数据的存储,最后数据通过串口调试助手进行显示。经过实验表明,该电路可以实时、稳定、精确地将光信号转换为电信号,且灵活性强,可应用于其它气体检测系统。     

TDLAS系统动态光强跟踪检测电路研制

TDLAS系统利用气体对特定波长的激光吸收的原理进行气体检测,激光的光强稳定性对系统的检测精度和稳定度有着重要的影响。针对TDLAS系统激光器光强的变化,本文研制了动态光强跟踪检测电路。电路采用STM32H7B0作为主控制器,设计了低噪声的高速前置放大器,并使用压控放大器AD8367调整电路的增益。主控芯片实时检测光强变化情况,并控制放大器调整检测电路的增益,实现动态光强跟踪。经过测试,该检测电路可以根据激光器光强变化实时的调节增益,稳定的输出电压信号,消除了激光器光强的变化对TDLAS检测系统的影响。     

DSP主控型CO和CH4双路激光气体检测数据采集系统研制

通过精确检测CO和CH4两种气体浓度,对于煤矿企业安全生产和工业过程控制具有重要意义,TDLAS技术是一种实时高精度的气体检测方式,可用于CO和CH4双路气体检测.针对TDLAS型CO和CH4双路气体检测系统,本文设计了一种DSP型双路数据采集系统.激光信号被CO和CH4选频吸收后,光电二极管FD10D将光信号转换为电流信号,微弱电流信号经OPA2387搭建的前置放大电路转换为电压信号,由ADC芯片ADS8330进行数据采集,回传至DSP主控芯片TMS320C6748,处理完成的数据存储至FLASH芯片M25P16,最后将数据实时上传至上位机.经过测试,该系统可以稳定、准确地进行数据采集,并且适配于其他TDLAS型双路气体检测系统.     

用于气体检测的高精度DFB激光器温控系统

本文针对气体检测中DFB激光器温度控制的需要,设计了一种高精度温控系统。采用热敏电阻检测激光器的温度,将其转换为电压信号后进行差分放大并通过高速AD将其转换为数字信号。FPGA读取数字信号并采用PID算法对系统进行控制参数计算。控制参数以PWM信号的形式输出,并由H桥转化为控制信号对TEC进行控制。经过实验测试,系统温度调节范围为10~50℃,温控精度高达±0.03℃。系统具有稳定速度快、温度精度高等优点,已成功应用于气体检测项目中。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks