基于多分辨率自蒸馏网络的小样本图像分类

因图像数据具有大量的空间冗余信息,传统的多分辨率网络在处理图像数据时会产生较高的计算成本。而自蒸馏学习方法能够在精度与计算成本之间实现动态平衡,使模型在不增加网络深度和宽度的基础上,有效地提高模型精度。提出一种多分辨率自蒸馏网络（MRSDN）,用于解决小样本学习中输入样本的空间冗余问题。从原始网络中分出一个浅层子网络以识别图像的低分辨率表示,并且保持该原始网络识别高分辨率图像特征的能力。同时,在多分辨率网络中引入改进的全局注意力机制,以减少信息损失且放大全局交互表示。利用自蒸馏学习方法将网络中更深层的知识压缩到浅层子网络中,以提升浅层子网络的泛化能力。在此基础上,将低分辨率网络中的粗粒度特征融合到高分辨率网络中,从而提高模型提取图像特征的能力。实验结果表明,在Mini-ImageNet数据集上MRSDN网络对5-way 1-shot与5-way 5-shot任务的准确率分别为56.34%和74.35%,在Tiered-ImageNet数据集上对5-way 1-shot与5-way 5-shot任务的准确率分别为59.56%和78.96%,能有效缓解高分辨率图像输入时的空间冗余问题,提高小样本图像分类的准确率。     

基于递归多尺度卷积网络的图像超分辨率重建

不断加深网络的深度可提高网络的超分辨率重建效果,但是网络的加深会导致网络参数量急速增加,难以进行网络训练和内存存储.为了减小深度网络的参数规模并尽量保持网络的重建性能,基于递归和多尺度的思想,文中提出精简的基于递归多尺度卷积网络的图像超分辨率重建方法.首先利用多尺度模块充分提取图像在不同尺度下的特征信息,再通过递归操作实现网络规模的加深而不增加网络的参数量,最后将每次递归操作的输出进行特征融合,作为高分辨率图像重建的输入.实验表明,文中方法在网络参数量较少时重建效果较优.     

用于多光谱和高光谱图像融合的联合自注意力Transformer

目的 将高光谱图像和多光谱图像进行融合，可以获得具有高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率的光谱图像，提升光谱图像的质量。现有的基于深度学习的融合方法虽然表现良好，但缺乏对多源图像特征中光谱和空间长距离依赖关系的联合探索。为有效利用图像的光谱相关性和空间相似性，提出一种联合自注意力的Transformer网络来实现多光谱和高光谱图像融合超分辨。方法 首先利用联合自注意力模块，通过光谱注意力机制提取高光谱图像的光谱相关性特征，通过空间注意力机制提取多光谱图像的空间相似性特征，将获得的联合相似性特征用于指导高光谱图像和多光谱图像的融合；随后，将得到的融合特征输入到基于滑动窗口的残差Transformer深度网络中，探索融合特征的长距离依赖信息，学习深度先验融合知识；最后，特征通过卷积层映射为高空间分辨率的高光谱图像。结果 在CAVE和Harvard光谱数据集上分别进行了不同采样倍率下的实验，实验结果表明，与对比方法相比，本文方法从定量指标和视觉效果上，都取得了更好的效果。本文方法相较于性能第二的方法EDBIN （enhanced deep blind iterative network），在CAVE数据集上峰值信噪比提高了0.5 dB，在Harvard数据集上峰值信噪比提高了0.6 dB。结论 本文方法能够更好地融合光谱信息和空间信息，显著提升高光谱融合超分图像的质量。     

基于3D多尺度特征融合残差网络的高光谱图像分类

深度学习中用于训练的高光谱图像(HSI)数据十分有限,因此较深的网络不利于空谱特征的提取.为了缓解该问题,文中提出3D多尺度特征融合残差网络,利用深度学习和多尺度特征融合的方式对光谱-空间特征进行有序的学习.首先对3D-HSI数据进行自适应降维,将降维后的图像作为网络输入.然后,通过多尺度特征融合残差块依次提取光谱-空间特征,融合不同尺度的特征,通过特征共享增强信息流,获得更丰富的特征.最后以端到端的方式训练网络.在相关数据集上的测试表明,文中网络具有良好的分类性能.     

基于自适应注意力融合特征提取网络的图像超分辨率

为了应对当前大型图像超分辨率模型参数过多难以部署,以及现有的轻量级图像超分辨率模型性能表现不佳的问题,提出了一种基于自适应注意力融合特征提取网络的图像超分辨率模型。该模型主要由一个大核注意力模块和多个高效注意力融合特征提取模块组成。首先,利用大核注意力模块进行浅层特征提取,然后将提取到的浅层特征信息输入级联的高效注意力融合特征提取模块进行深层特征提取、增强、细化和再分配的聚合操作。高效注意力融合特征提取模块由三个部分组成,分别是渐进式残差特征提取模块、通道对比度感知注意力模块和通道—空间联合注意力模块。该网络可以在利用少量参数的情况下实现更好的图像超分辨率性能,是一种表现优异的轻量级图像超分辨率模型。通过在流行的基准数据集上评估提出的方法,并与现有的一些方法进行对比,结果表明该方法的表现更优异。     

数据外补偿的深度网络超分辨率重建

单张图像超分辨率重建受到多对一映射的困扰.对于给定的低分辨率图像块,存在若干高分辨率图像块与之对应.基于学习的方法受此影响,学习到的逆映射规则只能预测这些高分辨率图像块的均值,从而产生视觉上模糊的超分辨率重建结果.为了克服歧义性造成的高频细节损失,本文提出了一种基于深度网络,利用在线检索的数据进行高频信息补偿的图像超分辨率重建算法.该方法构建一个深度网络,通过三个分支预测高分辨率重建结果：一条旁路直接将输入的低分辨率图像输入到网络的最后一层;一条内部高频信息重建路径基于低分辨率图像回归预测高分辨率图像,重建高分辨率图像的主要结构;另一条外部高频信息补偿路径根据内部重建的结果,从在线检索到的相似图像中提取高频细节,对内部重建的重建结果进行细节补偿.在第二条路径中,为了有效提取高频信号并使之适应于内部重建的重建结构,本文在多层特征的测量和约束下,进行高频细节迁移.相比于之前基于云数据库的传统图像超分辨率方法,本文提出的方法是端对端可训练的（end-to-end trainable）,因此通过在大数据上进行学习,方法能同时建模内部重建和外部补偿,并能自动权衡两者利弊而给出最优的重建结果.图像超分辨率重建的实验结果表明,相比于最新的超分辨率算法,本文方法在主客观评价中均取得了更加优越的性能.     

基于多尺度特征融合反投影网络的图像超分辨率重建

针对现有图像超分辨率重建方法恢复图像高频细节能力较弱、特征利用率不足的问题, 提出了一种多尺度特征融合反投影网络用于图像超分辨率重建. 该网络首先在浅层特征提取层使用多尺度的卷积核提取不同维度的特征信息, 增强跨通道信息融合能力; 然后,构建多尺度反投影模块通过递归学习执行特征映射, 提升网络的早期重建能力; 最后,将局部残差反馈结合全局残差学习促进特征的传播和利用, 从而融合不同深度的特征信息进行图像重建. 对图像进行×2 ~ ×8超分辨率的实验结果表明, 本方法的重建图像质量在主观感受和客观评价指标上均优于现有图像超分辨率重建方法, 超分辨率倍数大时重建性能相比更优秀.     

回环结构与PAM结合的双目图像超分辨率网络

双目图像第二视点为图像超分辨率重建网络提供更多的细节信息,为更充分利用双目图像的互补信息,提出一种基于深度学习的回环结构与视差注意力模块（PAM）相结合的双目图像超分辨率重建网络。该网络特征提取模块由MJR-ASPP+构成的回环结构与扩张残差块交替级联而成,回环结构中混合跳跃式残差（MJR）能聚合网络中不同深度的信息,改进空洞空间金字塔池化块（ASPP+）用于提取图像多尺度特征,扩张残差块融合多级特征的同时有效去噪;引入视差注意力模块获取双目图像中的全局对应关系,集成图像对的有用信息;通过亚像素层重建出超分辨率左（右）图,并将FReLU用于整个网络中提高捕获空间相关性效率。该网络在Middlebury、KITTI2012、KITTI2015和Flickr1024四个公开数据集中都取得了优异结果,实验结果表明该网络具有更好的超分辨率性能。     

残差密集注意力网络多模态MR图像超分辨率重建

目的 现有医学图像超分辨率方法主要针对单一模态图像进行设计,然而在磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)技术的诸多应用场合,往往需要采集不同成像参数下的多模态图像。针对单一模态的方法无法利用不同模态图像之间的关联信息,很大程度上限制了重建性能。目前超分辨率网络模型参数量往往较大,导致计算和存储代价较高。为此,本文提出了一个轻量级残差密集注意力网络,以一个统一的网络模型同时实现多模态MR图像的超分辨率重建。方法 首先将不同模态的MR图像堆叠后输入网络,在低分辨率空间中提取共有特征,之后采用设计的残差密集注意力模块进一步精炼特征,再通过一个亚像素卷积层上采样到高分辨率空间,最终分别重建出不同模态的高分辨率图像。结果 本文采用MICCAI (medical image computing and computer assisted intervention) BraTS (brain tumor segmentation) 2019数据集中的T1和T2加权MR图像对网络进行训练和测试,并与8种代表性超分辨率方法进行对比。实验结果表明,本文方法可以取得优于...     

身份保持约束下的面部图像超分辨率重建方法

低分辨率是影响人脸识别精度的重要因素。一种有效方法是使用图像超分辨率技术对低分辨率图像重建,生成超分辨率图像后再对其作人脸识别,从而克服低分辨率面部图像对人脸识别的限制。但是,现有超分辨率方法在重建过程中往往忽略了保持其原始身份信息,这直接影响生成图像的人脸识别结果。针对上述问题,提出了一种身份保持约束下的面部超分辨率重建方法IPNet,在提高低分辨率面部图像质量的同时,能保持重建后的面部图像身份。IPNet方法将语义分割网络和面部生成器相结合,通过语义分割网络提取低维隐码和多分辨率空间特征,进而指导面部生成器输出接近于原图的真实面部图像。在此基础上引入人脸识别网络,将身份信息整合到超分辨率方法中,从而约束重建前后的面部图像身份保持一致。实验结果表明,IPNet方法在超分辨率图像质量和身份保持上均优于其他对比方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.