基于LT喷泉码的WSNs抗WLAN干扰的实验研究

针对无线传感器网络(WSNs)通信能力有限,易受到与其共享信道的无线局域网(WiFi)干扰的问题,提出一种采用纠删码——LT喷泉码编码来保证可靠传输的方法。该方法可以充分利用喷泉码的无码率特性,即发送端源源不断地发送经过LT码编码的编码包,接收端只要接收到足够数量的编码包,就能够成功恢复原始数据包。在CC2430为核心的平台上设计并实现了基于LT喷泉码的可靠传输协议,并在WLAN干扰情况下对其进行了性能测试。实验结果表明:基于LT喷泉码的可靠传输协议对WLAN的抗干扰效果显著。     

802.11n与ZigBee共存:子载波置零多输入多输出物理层模型

针对802.11n与ZigBee共享ISM频段造成的WiFi与ZigBee信道重叠,进而导致网络间相互干扰使得网络性能下降,以及当前载波侦听多路访问/冲突避免(CSMA/CA）可能导致的频谱资源利用率较低的问题,提出一个采用子载波置零技术的2×2非相干多输入多输出(MIMO）物理层模型。该模型中,为了避免共信道干扰,WiFi发送端在发送数据前首先对其当前使用的信道中可能存在的ZigBee信号进行检测,若检测到ZigBee信号则对已被占用的频谱对应的子载波置零,使用余下频谱不重叠子载波进行通信。接收端对发送端使用的子载波进行识别,并完成后续工作。通过使WiFi与ZigBee信号频谱分离来消除信号间干扰,解决两者共存问题,实现WiFi与ZigBee数据并行传输。在由GNURadio/USRP软件无线电设备和ZigBee节点搭建的实验床上进行的实验结果表明,采用子载波置零技术的2×2非相干MIMO可以获得全带宽发送状态下50%~70%的吞吐量,同时在数据并行传输过程中ZigBee的正确收包百分比达到90%以上。     

实时视频通信中的自适应前向纠错方案设计

本文针对实时视频通信中的网络丢包问题,提出了一种基于Reed Solomon算法的自适应FEC方案。与以往的静态FEC编解码方案不同,该方案引入一种新的基于SIP／RTP的QoS反馈机制,根据丢包率大小在发送端调整FEC冗余度、整体发送速率以及封包大小来保证服务质量;并针对网络突发丢包情况,在对数据包进行FEC编码时采用了交织技术     

适用于异构网络的改进TCP协议研究

在有线网络中,网络丢包主要是网络拥塞造成的,而传统的TCP协议主要是针对有线网络设计的。对于无线网络,链路错误的随机丢包成为其主要的丢包,传统的TCP已不再适用。为了使TCP适用于有线-无线的异构网络中,提出一种改进的TCP协议(命名为TCP-Ackflag)。此协议通过接收端判断分组数据的相对延迟趋势来判断网络拥塞情况,并在接收端反馈给发送端的ACK包中定义一个拥塞标志位。接收端在接收ACK包中,记录这个拥塞标志位。为了使网络能达到最大吞吐量,发送端只有在发现产生网络丢包现象后再立即对记录的拥塞标志位的值进行检测,通过检测到的拥塞标志位的值来判断网络拥塞情况,最终决定是进入网络拥塞处理过程还是简单地快速重传过程,从而保证了有线-无线异构网络的传输性能。仿真结果表明,此方案对网络拥塞判断准确性和灵敏性都有极大提高,并在此基础上保证了网络传输性能。     

面向智能家居应用的ZigBee-WiFi网关

ZigBee和WiFi是智能家居设备常用的两种无线通信技术,针对智能家居设备使用ZigBee自组网无法和用户WiFi网络中的智能终端直接通信的问题,设计面向家庭应用环境的ZigBee-WiFi无线网关.网关采用S3C6410作为控制核心,运行Linux操作系统,以USB连接无线网卡,以DMA通道连接CC2530模块.通过信道扫描切换的方案解决ZigBee和WiFi两种信号之间相互干扰的问题,通过数据线连接的方式给要加入ZigBee网络的新设备分发密钥.实验表明,所实现的无线网关信号稳定,丢包率低,实用性强,在智能家居系统中运行稳定、可靠.     

一种用于设施农业的ZigBee-WiFi网关研制

为了满足设施农业中数据采集、无线传输和远程应用的要求,设计并实现了一种以STM32W108及AX22001为核心芯片的ZigBee-WiFi无线网关,该无线网关实现ZigBee与WiFi网络间的数据互通,拓展了设施农业装备的感知、监控范围。无线网关根据ZigBee、WiFi信号的频谱特性,采用信道选择和复用的方式减少ZigBee与WiFi间的信号互扰。测试结果表明,所实现的无线网关信号稳定,丢包率小,运行可靠,可满足设施农业装备数据采集和远程应用的需要。     

基于DupAck的Ad Hoc网络TCP性能改进

为改进传输控制协议(TCP)在无线网络环境下的性能,分析Ad Hoc网络数据丢失的原因,提出一种区分无线丢包和拥塞丢包的算法。该算法通过在发送端检测返回的重复Ack的相对单向传输时延,探测到网络真实的拥塞状况,以便采取合理的拥塞控制措施。仿真结果表明,该算法能够正确区分无线丢包和拥塞丢包,改善Ad Hoc网络的TCP性能。     

面向TCP的流媒体传输编码码率自适应算法

由于网络的时变性和异构性,以及在拥塞情况下的高丢包率,利用TCP传输流媒体数据是Internet流媒体分发系统提高流媒体分发质量的首选方案。由于TCP具有超时或错误重传机制,在网络拥塞情况下,难以保证高码率流媒体数据传输的实时性,因此提出一种面向TCP流媒体传输的编码码率自适应算法(TCP_RA)。该算法根据流媒体发送应用层缓冲区读写指针差值调整流媒体发送端的编码码率适应网络带宽的变化。仿真实验对比分析了该算法与基于UDP之上TFRC协议的流媒体传输码率自适应算法在流媒体传输质量上的差别。结果表明,该算法在网络环境较差的情况下有效地提高了流媒体传输质量。并且该算法容易实现,值得推广。     

基于移动4G与ZigBee无线传感网的网关设计

针对移动通信系统和无线传感网络异构壁垒,提出了基于4G移动网络与ZigBee网关设计的技术思想,该技术是两种异构网络融合关键技术;网关硬件采用MCF52233为主控芯片,通过其一对串口分别实现连接4G芯片EM376。以及ZigBee芯片MC13213;软件是通过在主控芯片中植入两种异构网络融合的程序代码,从而实现网络数据帧的转换功能;经过应用测试,该网关平均时延7.36ms,丢包率为0.5‰,远低于CCSA规定标准。     

自组网端系统中UDP流的拥塞控制

从端系统控制的角度,提出了一个基于名义接收速率的拥塞控制算法(NBCC).发送端利用接收端反馈的数据接收状态,计算名义接收速率并配合丢包率指标区分链路丢包和拥塞,进而动态控制数据发送速率.仿真结果表明,NBCC能够在网络拥塞的时候进行有效的控制,降低数据包的延时和数据流的丢包率.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。