一种实时事务并发控制的新方法:SMVCC

提出了新颖的实时数据库事务并发控制方法：语义多版本并发控制协议（SMVCC）。利用实时数据库中存在多版本数据的特点,考虑实时数据和实时事务语义,结合实时数据库相似性概念,对传统多版本并发控制方法进行扩展,对不同事务采用不同并发控制策略,提高了事务并发度。     

多版本中央数据库的移动数据库系统并发控制方案

首先介绍多版本中央数据库在移动数据库中的优势,然后分析由多版本中央数据库带来的同步并发控制问题产生的原因和由此造成的后果。就此问题提出了一个并发方案,并分析这个方案如何解决了并发问题,最后对这种并发方案的实质进行了简要的说明。     

以平衡B链树为数据库索引的并发控制算法

针对B链树作为多版本数据库索引的并发控制机制,提出一种新的B链树结构修改并发控制算法。该算法将B链树结构修改操作划分为几个更小的原子修改操作,这些修改操作可以并发运行并且不会死锁。实验表明,新算法提高了并发度与事务的吞吐量,并保持B链树结构的一致性和平衡性。      

NCS中实时数据库的多版本并发控制研究

实时数据库是网络控制系统(NCS)的重要组成部分,是整个控制系统中数据交换的平台。本文在原有的两段锁机制的基础上,提出一种适用于多版本的两段锁并发控制方法。简述数据多版本给现场控制带来的不利影响。分析在数据多版本的情况下,现场事务的可串行性,用多版本并发控制协议MV2PL解决多版本并发控制问题。用简化的多版本并发协议2V2PL说明它的正确性,并通过实例表明该协议是可行的。     

多维Web服务网关的高并发问题研究

为了解决多维服务网关因高并发情况而导致的网络拥塞、服务器性能降低问题,提出了一种改进的线程池服务器设计方法。首先根据经验值创建一个尺寸最优的线程池,并结合SQLite数据库为线程池添加一个瞬时同类服务请求合并模块。该模块对请求连接进行分类,划分优先级,然后根据不同的请求优先级把与其优先级对应的Tl秒内的同类请求合并为1个请求,以此来降低整个服务过程的时延,提高请求响应速度。实验表明,该设计能够有效地降低高并发情况下的拥塞现象,并降低网络时延。     

基于SQLite的嵌入式数据库封锁机制的研究及改进

通过对嵌入式数据库并发控制中的封锁技术进行研究,基于SQLite提出了一种动态多粒度封锁机制,通过增加表粒度锁来提高系统的并发度.介绍了动态多粒度封锁机制的算法流程和设计实现过程.对改进后的SQLite进行功能和性能测试,结果验证了方案的正确性和有效性.     

并行数据库实时多版本并发控制协议性能研究

随着对实时数据库事务处理性能要求的不断提高 ,将并行数据库和实时数据库相结合的并行实时数据库将成为新的发展方向 .然而通常的实时多版本并发控制协议不适合并行数据库的无共享结构 .比较了几种并发控制协议在无共享结构下的性能 ,该文提出了一种并行实时多版本并发控制协议 .它能有效地减少事务的重启 ,降低事务的错过率 .在长短事务混合的情况下 ,它的性能比其它的并发控制协议更好 .同时 ,它具有更好的可扩展性 .作者利用仿真模型对该协议进行了性能测试 ,与其它协议进行了比较 ,并分析了实验结果 ,仿真实验结果表明该协议性能良好     

SQLite数据库在煤矿现代化信息管理中的应用研究

针对大型数据库应用在煤矿现代化信息管理中存在操作复杂、维护成本高的问题,提出了一种将SQLite数据库应用在煤矿现代化信息管理中的方案;介绍了SQLtie数据库的基本结构及特点,给出了该方案的模拟测试分析。测试结果表明,对煤矿现代化信息管理中的门户网站、办公自动化等系统,SQLite数据库能充分发挥其高效、易用的优点;对于需要大量并发操作的瓦斯监控系统,SQLite数据库具有一定的局限性。     

协同CAD系统中的并发控制机制

并发操作是协同CAD系统中至关重要的问题。该文提出了并发操作控制机制的设计原则,阐述了基于语义的并发控制机制利用嵌套事务来解决传统图档事务并发控制中的数据一致性低、中间版本不易维护等问题,结合实际给出了博士CAD系统中并发控制的系统模型,并作了相应的说明。     

客户机／服务器结构下数据库的并发控制

本文首先回顾了数据库传统并发控制，分析了在客户机／服务器结构下传统的并发控制，提出了在数据库新应用领域，瘩发控制支持长事务的策略，讨论了传统控制的新应用作的一些适应性调整。     

Evaluation of concurrency control strategies for mixed soft real-time database systems

Previous research in real-time concurrency control mainly focuses on the schedulability guarantee of hard real-time transactions and the reduction of the miss rate of soft real-time transactions. Although many new database applications have significant response time requirements, not much work has been done in the joint scheduling of traditional non-real-time transactions and soft real-time transactions. In this paper, we study the concurrency control problems in mixed soft real-time database systems, in which both non-real-time and soft real-time transactions exist simultaneously. The objectives are to identify the cost and the performance tradeoff in the design of cost-effective and practical real-time concurrency control protocols, and to evaluate their performance under different real-time and non-real-time supports. In particular, we are interested in studying the impacts of different scheduling approaches for soft real-time transactions on the performance of non-real-time transactions. Instead of proposing yet another completely new real-time concurrency control protocol, our objective is to design an efficient integrated concurrency control method based on existing techniques. We propose several methods to integrate the well-known two phase locking and optimistic concurrency control with the aims to meet the deadline requirements of soft real-time transactions and, at the same time, to minimize the impact on the performance of non-real-time transactions. We have conducted a series of experiments based on a sanitized version of stock trading systems to evaluate the performance of both soft real-time and non-real-time transactions under different real-time supports in the system.     

面向更新密集型应用的内存数据库高效检查点技术

面向更新密集型应用的内存数据库系统,其检查点技术应符合几个关键的要求,包括检查点操作对正常事务处理的干扰尽可能小、能够处理存取倾斜状况、支持数据库系统的快速恢复、提供恢复过程中的系统可用性等.该文提出一种事务一致的分区检查点技术,采用基于元组的动态多版本并发控制机制,避免了读写事务的加锁冲突,提高系统吞吐能力;检查点操作以只读事务形式实现,存多版本并发控制下,避免检查点操作对正常事务处理的堵塞;由于检查点文件是事务一致的,只需要记录事务的Redo 日志信息,在系统恢复过程中,只需要对日志文件进行一遍扫描处理,加快恢复过程;基于优先级的数据分区装载和恢复,使得恢复过程中新事务的数据存取请求迅速得到满足,保证了恢复过程中的系统可用性.由于采用两级版本管理机制以及动态版本共享技术,多版本管理的空间开销降低到可以接受的水平.实验结果表明,文中提出的检查点技术方案获得比模糊检查点技术高27%的系统吞吐量,同时版本管理的空间开销在可接受的范围之内,满足高性能应用的要求.     

一种多粒度锁的事务并发控制算法

研究了一种基于多粒度锁的并发控制算法,包括其多粒度锁锁、锁表数据结构及锁操作的算法步骤。算法可以降低冲突发生的概率和事务的夭折数,减少事务重启,有利于满足事务截止期的要求,提高事务的并发度。在验证算法有效性时,通过测试类对内存数据库记录的插入速度、索引查找的速度、记录的删除速度三方面的性能进行了测试,结果表明,事务并发控制优化算法对内存数据库性能的提升是有效可行的。     

一种面向混合实时事务调度的并发控制协议

首先给出了一个两层结构的混合实时数据库系统模型,其中支持采用非定期任务调度算法来改进系统的性能．进一步,针对这种模型下混合事务的数据一致性问题,提出了一种新的并发控制协议——MCC-DATI．该协议采用动态优先级驱动的调度算法,通过限制非定期的软实时事务对硬实时事务的阻塞时间,保证硬实时事务的可调度性;同时,采用非定期任务调度算法以及基于时间戳间隔的动态串行化顺序调整机制来减少软实时事务的截止期错失率．仿真实验表明,相对于先前的混合事务的并发控制协议,该协议在不同的系统负载与截止期约束下都能够改进系统的性能。     

Real-time concurrency control in a multiprocessor environment

Although many high-performance computer systems are now multiprocessor-based, little work has been done in real-time concurrency control of transaction executions in a multiprocessor environment. Real-time concurrency control protocols designed for uniprocessor or distributed environments may not fit the needs of multiprocessor-based real-time database systems because of a lower concurrency degree of transaction executions and a larger number of priority inversions. This paper proposes the concept of a priority cap to bound the maximum number of priority inversions in multiprocessor-based real-time database systems to meet transaction deadlines. We also explore the concept of two-version data to increase the system concurrency level and to explore the abundant computing resources of multiprocessor computer systems. The capability of the proposed methodology is evaluated in a multiprocessor real-time database system under different workloads, database sizes and processor configurations. It is shown that the benefits of the priority cap in reducing the blocking time of urgent transactions are far greater than the losses involved in committing less urgent transactions. The idea of two-version data also greatly improves the system performance because of a much higher concurrency degree in the system     

Android数据库SQLite性能优化

SQLite是Android平台的重要数据库引擎,具有零配置、支持事务、移植性好等特点,负责多种格式数据的存储. 随着用户数据规模的扩大与复杂度的增加,对数据库性能提出更高的要求. 数据库性能直接影响应用程序的性能和用户的体验. 本文分析了SQLite事务机制和索引结构,并通过手动添加事务和合理创建B-tree索引,大大缩短了Android SQLite数据库的插入与查询时间,提高了SQLite性能.     

Efficient execution of read-only transactions in replicatedmultiversion databases

Multiple versions of data are used in database systems to increase concurrency. The higher concurrency results since read-only transactions can be executed without any concurrency control overhead and, therefore, read-only transactions do not interfere with the execution of update transactions. Availability of data in a distributed environment is improved by data replication. We propose a protocol for managing data in a replicated multiversion environment, where execution of read-only transactions or queries becomes completely independent of the underlying concurrency control and replica control mechanisms, and the data availability for read-only transactions increases significantly since they can be executed as long as any one copy of the object is available in the system. In order to validate the feasibility of our approach, we developed a simple prototype to measure the performance improvement in the response times of queries. The results clearly establish the viability of the approach as a useful paradigm for the design of efficient and fault-tolerant distributed database systems     

Real-time transaction scheduling in database systems

A database system supporting a real-time application, which can be called “a real-time database system (RTDBS)”, has to provide real-time information to the executing transactions. Each RTDB transaction is associated with a timing constraint, usually in the form of a deadline. Efficient resource scheduling algorithms and concurrency control protocols are required to schedule the transactions so as to satisfy both timing constraints and data consistency requirements. In this paper,^† we concentrate on the concurrency control problem in RTDBSs. Our work has two basic goals: real-time performance evaluation of existing concurrency control approaches in RTDBSs, and proposing new concurrency control protocols with improved performance. One of the new protocols is locking-based, and it prevents the priority inversion problem^{, †} by scheduling the data lock requests based on prioritizing data items. The second new protocol extends the basic timestamp-ordering method by involving real-time priorities of transactions in the timestamp assignment procedure. Performance of the protocols is evaluated through simulations by using a detailed model of a single-site RTDBS. The relative performance of the protocols is examined as a function of transaction load, data contention (which is determined by a number of system parameters) and resource contention. The protocols are also tested under various real-time transaction processing environments. The performance of the proposed protocols appears to be good, especially under conditions of high transaction load and high data contention.     

Modular synchronization in distributed, multiversion databases:version control and concurrency control

A version control mechanism is proposed that enhances the modularity and extensibility of multiversion concurrency control algorithms. The multiversion algorithms are decoupled into two components: version control and concurrency control. This permits modular development of multiversion protocols and simplifies the task of proving the correctness of these protocols. A set of procedures for version control is described that defines the interface with the version control component. It is shown that the same interface can be used by the database actions of both two-phase locking and time-stamp concurrency control protocols to access multiversion data. An interesting feature of the framework is that the execution of read-only transactions becomes completely independent of the underlying concurrency control implementation. Unlike other multiversion algorithms, read-only transactions in this scheme do not modify any version-related information, and therefore do not interfere with the execution of read-write transactions. The extension of the multiversion algorithms to a distributed environment becomes very simple