膨润土负载型低铜含量甲醇制氢催化剂的制备及其性能

以膨润土为载体,采用浸渍法制备了低铜含量负载型CuO/膨润土催化剂,考察了铜含量对催化剂物化性能和甲醇制氢反应性能的影响.结果表明,铜含量对催化性能有显著影响,随铜含量的增加,甲醇转化率和CO选择性均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,在铜含量为13.8wt％时,甲醇转化率为84.7％,一氧化碳选择性为92.5％.CuO/膨润土...     

钯—铜负载活性炭催化还原去除水中硝酸盐研究

通过以活性炭载体浸渍负载钯铜双金属制备的催化剂,利用半连续试验,研究了活性炭载体双金属催化剂对水中硝酸盐的催化还原去除的特点和规律.结果表明,在负载钯/铜原子比为1∶1、金属负载量Pd质量分数为1.2％、Cu质量分数为0.72％时,催化剂具有最佳的活性与选择性;最佳H2流量为100 mL· min-1,此时催化反应进行迅速,选择性较好;溶液pH过高或者过低对催化剂活性和选择性都有不利影响,适宜的溶液pH控制范围为4.5～5.5;对于初始质量浓度为100 mg·L-1的硝酸盐溶液,反应时间为2h时,硝酸盐去除率可达96％以上,氨氮生成率为22％.     

单原子催化剂的研究现状及在环境领域的应用进展

单原子催化剂(SACs)是一种将金属以单原子的形式直接负载于某一载体表面上的一种新型催化剂.作为一种新型材料其因具备较高的原子利用率,较高催化活性及高反应选择性等优良性能而被众多研究人员所广泛关注.该文主要从单原子催化剂的性质、制备方法以及研究现状以及在环境领域的应用进展等几个方面详细介绍了单原子催化剂的特点.单原子催...     

制备条件对Pd/C催化剂活性相PdH_x的影响

PdHx相是Pd/C催化剂中一种重要的活性物种。研究以浸渍-水合肼还原法制备出PdHx含量较高的Pd/C催化剂,通过XRD、XPS和TEM等表征方法研究了还原方式和条件及载体活性炭的预处理条件对催化剂中PdHx含量的影响,以无氢条件下的2,6-二甲基苯酚胺化法合成2,6-二甲基苯胺作为探针反应,验证了PdHx含量与催化活性的相关性。结果表明:以2.5%(wt)硝酸预处理的活性炭为载体,水合肼为还原剂,在40℃还原制得的催化剂具有较高的PdHx含量,以其为催化剂时原料的转化率和产品的选择性分别高达59.8%和87.3%。说明PdHx是该反应的活性相,其含量与载体预处理时的硝酸浓度密切相关。     

轻汽油催化裂解生产丙烯催化剂的研究

采用HZSM-5和改性的HZSM-5催化剂,以抚顺石油二厂初馏点约为75℃的催化裂化轻汽油馏份为原料,在实验室连续固定床反应装置上进行了催化裂化轻汽油的催化裂解反应,考察了反应条件对催化裂化轻汽油裂解及芳构化反应的影响和Al2O3作为催化剂载体对HZSM-5催化剂上催化裂解产品分布的影响。研究结果表明,当催化剂中载体组分为30％（wt）时,丙烯收率最高,为38．26％（wt）,芳烃收率为26．26％（wt）,同不使用载体相比,芳烃收率下降了5．1％。     

活性炭负载金属铂单原子催化材料的电解析氢性能研究

选用活性炭为载体成功制备了多孔活性炭载体负载单原子金属铂,并利用XRD、TEM、HAADF-STEM和EXAFS等对其进行表征,确认了所负载金属为高度分散的单原子铂。采用三电极电解池对比研究了商业Pt/C电极和自制铂单原子催化剂的玻碳电极在酸性环境中的电解析氢性能。结果表明,在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄电解液中,基于铂单原子催化剂的电极在过电位为50 mV和150 mV时,电化学质量比活性分别为6.86 A/mg和49.81 A/mg,分别是商业Pt/C电极的3倍和5倍。     

密闭电石炉气脱氧催化剂的制备和表征

为脱除密闭电石炉气中体积分数为2%的O₂,制备了以铜为主催化剂,锰和钴为助催化剂,以活性炭为载体的低温高活性脱氧催化剂。在120 ℃,该催化剂可将体积分数为98%的CO、2%的O₂且流量为1.5 L·min^-1的原料气中的O₂脱除至0.2%以下,满足将密闭电石炉气作为化工原料气的要求。正交实验结果表明,催化剂活性组分质量分数为铜6.5%、锰4%和钴0.5%时,能将O₂体积分数脱至0.054 1%。BET比表面积和XRD表征表明,制备的催化剂是一种组分负载量接近其在载体上的单层分散阈值的氧化态Cu-Co-Mn负载型催化剂,其中,Co对活性组分均匀分布于活性炭表面起重要作用。     

热溶胶、压敏胶用C5石油树脂的生产工艺研究

以苯乙烯、异戊烯为改性剂,以无水AlCl3为催化剂,采用阳离子聚合法合成了C5石油树脂,对影响树脂蜡雾点、软化点、收率的各因素进行分析。结果发现使用10wt％的苯乙烯、15wt％的异戊烯、2wt％的催化剂、1oowt％的溶剂和12wt％的甲苯可合成蜡雾点为92℃、软化点为87．5℃、Z均分子量小于5000、加氏色度不大于2的高档C5石油树脂,该产品可作为增粘树脂直接用于热熔胶、压敏胶的制备。     

WC/C制备条件对甲醇电氧化特性的影响研究

以钨酸铵为前躯体,采用程序升温控制还原法（TPR）制备了WC／C纳米颗粒,在碳载体存在的情况下,研究了钨源前躯体碳化过程中CH4与H2流量比对单-WC晶相以及Pt／WC／C电催化氧化甲醇性能的影响。XRD测试结果发现：仅在CH4：H2流量比为2时可获得单一WC多晶,其平均粒径为11．3nm。循环伏安实验结果证实：10wt％Pt-10wt％WC／C电催化氧化cH,OH的比质量活性达到875mA·mg^-1,远远高于10wt％Pt／C的658mA·mg^-1,且起始氧化电位负移80mV。计时电流法实验表明Pt／WC／C在酸性介值中稳定性高于Pt／C催化剂。     

单原子催化剂协同双位机制厘清

正近日,中科院大连化学物理研究所和清华大学的研究人员合作,在单原子催化机制研究方面取得新进展。他们在发现Ir1/FeO_x单原子催化剂上,Ir单原子与临近载体Fe位之间存在"双金属活性位"的协同催化过程。研究人员在前期的工作中制备出Ir1/FeO_x单原子催化剂,并发现单原子Ir中心在水煤气变换反应中起主导作用,然而对Ir1/FeO_x的微观催化机制却一直没有更深入的认识。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。