酵母甘露糖蛋白对葡萄酒酒石稳定性影响的研究

研究了葡萄酒中加入一定量的甘露糖蛋白后，对葡萄酒酒石稳定性的影响。研究证明，甘露糖蛋白对白葡萄酒的酒石稳定具有很好的作用，但对红葡萄酒酒石稳定性无效。发现甘露糖蛋白可以增加葡萄酒的电导率，用极点电导率测试仪检测酒石稳定性，白葡萄酒的电导率下降值减小。甘露糖蛋白加入量过多，会增加非结晶性沉淀的可能性。     

葡萄酒新辅料之一：甘露糖蛋白

本刊讯：酵母甘露糖蛋白（Mannoproteins）位于酵母细胞壁外层,由甘露糖聚合物共价连接在蛋白质骨架上构成,是组成细胞壁的主要成分之一。葡萄酒中天然存在的蛋白质及酒石酸盐是引起葡萄酒浑浊和沉淀的主要原因。在欧洲传统的葡萄酒产区,酿酒师经常把发酵结束的葡萄酒尤其是白葡萄酒陈酿在含有酵母泥的橡木桶中,时间长达半年以上,此种方法处理的葡萄酒稳定性好,而没有经过此种陈酿方式存放的葡萄酒易发生浑浊或沉淀,影响葡萄酒的感官评价和经济效益。研究发现,葡萄酒稳定性好是因为通过酒泥陈酿,酵母泥中的衰亡酵母自溶产生的甘露糖蛋白融入葡萄酒中的效果,     

甘露糖蛋白对葡萄酒稳定性的影响

本文研究了甘露糖蛋白对葡萄酒酒石和蛋白稳定性的影响。结果表明,甘露糖蛋白可以提高白葡萄酒的酒石和蛋白稳定性,但对红葡萄酒的酒石稳定性没有明显影响。白葡萄酒中加入甘露糖蛋白后,其饱和温度由12℃降低到8℃;皂土用量由1.5‰减少到0.5‰。     

酵母多糖Mp60在葡萄酒后处理中的应用研究

以霞多丽、贵人香干白葡萄酒及赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为试样,考察了酵母多糖产品Mp60对干白葡萄酒酒石稳定性(冷稳定性)和对干红葡萄酒下胶后蛋白稳定性(热稳定性)及口感的影响。结果表明,干白葡萄酒在经过一段时间的冷冻处理后,向其中添加30 mg/L~50 mg/L的Mp60可有效提高干白葡萄酒的酒石稳定性、使其达到冷稳试验测试要求。而向下胶后的干红葡萄酒中添加40 mg/L的Mp60可有效提高酒的蛋白稳定性,并显著改善酒的口感。     

甘露糖蛋白:优质葡萄酒的专业之选

众所周之,葡萄酒中天然存在的蛋白质是引起葡萄酒浑浊和沉淀的主要原因之一。在欧洲古老的葡萄酒产区,酿酒师经常把发酵结束的葡萄酒尤其是白葡萄酒陈酿在含有酵母泥的橡木桶中,时间长这半年以上,经过此种方法处理的葡萄酒稳定性很好,而没有经过此种陈酿方式存放的葡萄酒很容易产生酒石或蛋白沉淀,影响葡萄酒的整体美观度。这种处理方法主要是利用葡萄酒在酵母泥上陈酿,使酵母泥自溶后分泌的一种称为甘露糖蛋白(Mannoproteins)的物质融入葡萄酒中。     

葡萄酒新辅料之一:甘露糖蛋白

酵母甘露糖蛋白(Mannoproteins)位于酵母细胞壁外层,由甘露糖聚合物共价连接在蛋白质骨架上构成,是组成细胞壁的主要成分之一。葡萄酒中天然存在的蛋白质及酒石酸盐是引起葡萄酒浑浊和沉淀的主要原因。在欧洲传统的葡萄酒产区,酿酒师经常把发酵结束的葡萄酒尤其是白葡萄酒陈酿在含有酵母泥的橡木桶中,     

葡萄酒酒石稳定评判指标及其影响因素初探

通过测定绝对电导率、接触电导率和饱和温度实验,研究了4种葡萄酒快速冷处理前后的酒石稳定性变化。结果发现,由于生态条件的差异,快速冷处理后进口设备商提供的酒石稳定性评判标准不适合我国葡萄酒生产的实际;多糖对红白葡萄酒的酒石稳定影响明显,红葡萄酒中的另一些组分(如酚类物质)对酒石沉淀也有重要影响作用;冷稳定处理除沉淀了较多的酒石酸和钾离子外,还沉淀了少量的钙离子,甜白葡萄酒钙离子的减少量比干红葡萄酒显著。     

干白葡萄酒的稳定性试验和处理方法

干白葡萄酒的稳定性试验和处理方法朱华江苏连云港凯威葡萄酿酒有限公司（２２２００４）关键词葡萄酒，稳定性，沉淀，混浊干白葡萄酒中常出现的物理化学性浑浊和沉淀有：氧化破败（即棕色破败）、铁破败、铜破败、蛋白破败和酒石酸盐沉淀。在装瓶之前，葡萄酒必须获得所...     

甘露糖蛋白在葡萄酒酿造过程中的应用研究进展

甘露糖蛋白是一种在酵母自溶时,从酵母细胞壁中释放的可溶性糖蛋白。本文介绍甘露糖蛋白的结构及特性,综述该蛋白对葡萄酒中花青素、单宁、乳酸菌、芳香类物质及蛋白质的作用及机理,如稳定花青素、单宁及蛋白质,促进乳酸菌生长,保护芳香化合物等。甘露糖蛋白对于葡萄酒工业生产有重要意义。     

蛋白——21世纪的葡萄酒工艺

法国通过多年研究发现 :“把白葡萄酒与酵母泥一起在酒桶中储存数月 ,可实现酒石酸的稳定性 ,省去了冷处理过程。他们对两种甘露蛋白进行了鉴定 ,一种可改善葡萄酒对蛋白质的稳定性 ,另一种能保证葡萄酒对酒石酸沉淀的稳定和长时间的保护。用甘露蛋白保护葡萄酒的方法将朝着能最大限度地完善葡萄酒质量 ,同时限定操作规程的葡萄酒酿造设想发展。可设想２１世纪酿造葡萄酒方法 :轻微的粘合过滤 ;澄清 ;甘露蛋白处理 ;错流过滤 :无菌灌装 ;瓶装（换桶前膜过滤）。蛋白——21世纪的葡萄酒工艺@李小全     

Antioxidant Properties of Sparkling Wines Produced with β-Glucanases and Commercial Yeast Preparations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of sparkling wines produced with β-glucanases, autolysated yeasts, yeast cell walls, and purified mannoproteins. Total antioxidant capacity (measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical-scavenging method and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP] assay), and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity (HRSA) were higher in the wine samples with coadjuvants (in relation to the control wine). The highest values of antioxidant activity were achieved with purified mannoproteins and, in lesser extent, with β-glucanases. Neutral polysaccharides and total proteins were highly and positively correlated with DPPH, FRAP, and HRSA assays. However, correlations between the levels of each different phenolic family and antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities were not found. β-Glucanase and commercial yeast preparations can be excellent coadjuvants to increase the antioxidant properties of sparkling wines. Practical Application: β-Glucanase and commercial yeast preparations can be excellent coadjuvants to increase the antioxidant properties of sparkling wines. The suggested improvement has significant implication for the production of high added value sparkling wines.     

An invertase fragment responsible for improving the protein stability of dry white wines

The thermoprotective effect of yeast parietal mannoproteins improves the protein stability of white wines aged on their lees (sur lie). The substance responsible for this is an N‐glycosylated, 31.8 kDa mannoprotein that corresponds to a parietal invertase fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This mannoprotein is released into the wine during autolysis of the lees by the combined action of β‐glucanases from the cell wall and the yeast's vacuolar protease. This mannoprotein may be obtained industrially by extracting yeast mannoproteins using enzymatic digestion of the cell wall with commercially prepared β‐glucanases (Glucanex^TM ‐Novo‐Nordisk). A wine's susceptibility to protein breakdown may be considerably reduced by adding this mannoprotein extract. As a result, less bentonite is needed to stabilise the wine. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Interactions of phenolic and volatile compounds with yeast lees,commercial yeast derivatives and non toasted chips in model solutions and young red wines

Ageing of wines on lees, the use of commercial yeast derivative products and the addition of oak chips to wine permit the release of different compounds such as mannoproteins and polysaccharides into wines during yeast autolysis. These compounds released can interact with phenolic compounds and/or aromatic compounds, also modifying wine sensory perception. For that reason, the aim of this work was to evaluate the interaction of phenolic and volatile compounds of wines with yeast lees, non-toasted oak wood chips and different commercial yeast derivative preparations in model wine solutions and in a real red wine. The results found in this study have shown that most of the phenolic and volatile compounds studied are adsorbed by wood and bound by lees in model wine solutions. However, in the model wines in general, the commercial yeast derivative products studied only interacted with the volatile compounds but not with the phenolic compounds. The adsorption of the phenolic compounds occurred in the first 15 days of treatment, remaining constant for 2 months; however, in the case of volatile compounds, these compounds initially displayed a retention effect, but after 30–60 days, the release of the previously bound compounds was instigated. The adsorption effect on the phenolic and volatile compounds in the model wine solution was not always the same as in the red wine studied, which highlights the important presence of other wine compounds in these interactions.     

Influence of yeast mannoproteins in the aroma improvement of white wines

Abstract: In the present work, 3 different yeast strains (1, 2, and 3) were used to elaborate white wines using Albariño must. The concentration of polymeric mannose was determined using a method based on the mannoprotein precipitation, hydrolysis and analysis of sylylated mannose derivatives by gas chromatography. Wines elaborated with the strain 1 (W1) presented a higher mannoprotein concentration than the other wines. The analysis of the volatile composition of wines showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among them, being W1 which presented the highest concentration of aroma compounds, mainly terpens and norisoprenoids. The sensorial analysis of wines also showed that W1 had the best quality. The results obtained from this work demonstrate that mannoproteins could be involved in the behavior observed. Some evidences were obtained using a model wine, where 2 major terpens in W1 were preferentially retained by the colloids rich in mannoproteins released by strain 1. Practical Application: White wines elaborated with yeast strains overproducing mannoproteins could have better quality than others. Mannoproteins could contribute to aroma enhancement of Albariño white wines     

Influence of the yeast strain on Monastrell wine colour

Two commercial yeast strains were assayed during the winemaking process of Monastrell grapes to determine their influence on colour and phenolic composition of the resulting wines during alcoholic fermentation and maturation. The results showed that in 2002, the wines did not present great differences but in 2003 higher colour intensity and phenolic compounds content were detected when one of the commercial strains was used. A discriminant statistical analysis clearly showed that different yeasts led to different wines as regard their chromatic characteristics.Industrial relevanceThe importance of yeast in winemaking is extensively known since they are responsible for the transformation of sugars into ethanol and for the formation of the most significant aroma compounds in wines. However, they may also participate in wine colour and this role is usually not taken into account in the wine industry. The choice of a yeast strain is an important factor since these microorganisms have the capacity to retain or adsorb phenolic compounds and, on the other hand, yeast may contribute to stabilizing wine colour, as a result of participating in the formation of vitisins during fermentation or liberating mannoproteins that have the capacity to bind to anthocyanins and tannins, protecting them from precipitation. Two commercial yeast strains were assayed during the winemaking process of Monastrell grapes to determine their influence on colour and phenolic composition of the resulting wines during alcoholic fermentation and maturation. The results showed that higher colour intensity and phenolic compounds content were detected when one of the commercial strains was used, both during fermentation and wine aging, and may be used as a tool during winemaking for obtaining stable and highly coloured wines.     

Effect of Short Ageing on Lees on the Mannoprotein Content,Aromatic Profile,and Sensorial Character of White Wines

In Albariño white wines, aging of wines on lees is a technique not used or only used empirically by some producers to obtain a distinctive character in the final wine. This study analyzes the influence of a short aging on lees on the chemical and sensorial parameters of this young white wine. Albariño grape must was inoculated with a locally selected yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1) and the effect of a short aging on lees was studied during different times (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 d). Mannoprotein content and the aromatic profile were determined and a sensorial analysis of the wines was conducted. Results showed that aging time was correlated with the concentration of some key aroma compounds and mannoproteins in Albariño wines. The best sensorial character was obtained in wines aged 20 d on lees. Further aging times decreased the sensorial quality of Albariño wine and modified its volatile profile and mannoprotein concentration.     

以甘蔗固定化酵母发酵低醇葡萄酒的研究

试验以甘蔗为载体材料,研究了用甘蔗块固定化酵母在低醇贵人香葡萄酒发酵中的表现,检测了其对发酵时间,酒精度,稳定性及发酵批次等的影响,同时定量分析了固定化前后酵母发酵低醇酒在香气成分上变化.结果发现,以甘蔗为载体固定化酵母应用到低醇酒发酵,可以有效地控制低醇葡萄酒的理想酒精度,增加产品的稳定性.而且甘蔗固定化酵母减少了酒中高级醇的含量,增加了低醇葡萄酒的复杂香气和口感.     

天然酵母菌株在葡萄酒酿造中的应用研究

以河北产赤霞珠葡萄为原料,用本土天然酿酒酵母菌株Y14和商业酵母菌株F15酿造干红葡萄酒,并采用固相微萃取结合气质色谱的方法对葡萄酒中的挥发性香气物质进行检测。结果表明,本土酵母菌株在发酵能力方面与商业酵母无明显差别,但在不同酵母发酵葡萄酒中的香气成分种类和含量方面具有较大差别,本土酵母菌株Y14在香气成分生成能力方面具有优势。因此,此菌株具有生产本地特色葡萄酒的潜质。