小麦面筋蛋白质的研究进展

小麦面筋蛋白质是影响小麦品质和面制品加工性能的重要因素,本文详细论述了麦谷蛋白的和麦醇溶蛋白的研究思路、研究方法以及研究现状并指出了今后的研究方向.     

小麦面筋蛋白的组成、结构和特性

详细介绍了小麦面筋蛋白中麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白的亚基组成和结构,以及各亚基与面团品质的关系。     

小麦后熟期间面筋蛋白变化机理及影响因素

新收获的小麦籽粒具有明显后熟特性,其品质在后熟过程中得到很大改善。面筋蛋白作为小麦籽粒的重要组成部分,是小麦食用品质的决定性因素。该文将面筋蛋白对小麦品质的影响与小麦的后熟作用结合起来,在讨论面筋蛋白的数量、组成以及存在状态对小麦品质影响的基础上,进一步论述了面筋蛋白在小麦后熟过程中发生的变化以及影响因素,最后对面筋蛋白在小麦后熟过程中变化的机理研究作出展望。     

兰州拉面专用粉对春小麦品质的要求——Ⅱ小麦籽粒面筋蛋白组成含量与品质的关系

共选用30份春小麦材料,参照Singh等[1]和Verbruggen等[2]方法,提取出不同材料的面筋蛋白、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)。通过测定各蛋白组分的含量及比例,同时结合不同材料的理化品质、面团流变学特性以及拉面食用品质进行多元相关分析,结果表明:麦谷蛋白含量与小麦籽粒蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、干面筋含量呈显著正相关;与面团弹性、延伸性以及面团筋力也呈显著正相关;与拉面食用韧性、粘性以及总评分呈显著正相关。HMW-GS含量与小麦湿面筋和干面筋含量呈显著正相关;与面筋指数呈显著负相关。在面团品质方面,HMW-GS含量与面团韧性呈显著正相关,而与LMW-GS与面团延伸性和面团筋力为显著正相关。HMW-GS含量与拉面最终评分呈显著负相关,相反LMW-GS与拉面最终评分呈显著正相关。     

面筋蛋白及其对面包品质的影响

总结了近几十年来有关面筋蛋白、特别是高分子麦谷蛋白亚基组（HMW－GS）的调查和研究情况，从中试图找出面筋蛋白各组分的组成、含量与面团、面包品质之间的关系，旨在更好地调控面包制作，改善面包品质。     

三聚磷酸钠改性小麦面筋蛋白研究

采用三聚磷酸钠（ＳＴＰ）对小麦面筋蛋白进行磷酸化改性，确定最佳工艺条件为三聚磷酸钠浓 度与样品浓度之 为３：１３，反应时间０．５小时，反应温度２０℃及ｐＨ值９．５，并研究磷酸化对小 麦面筋蛋白功能特性的影响和对磷酸化小麦面筋蛋白进行应用试验。结果表明，用三聚磷酸 钠对小麦面筋蛋白进行磷酸化改性，小麦面筋蛋白功能性质显著改善，改性后可使乳化性、溶 解性、起泡性及其稳定性都有极大的提高，面粉烘焙品质及在灌肠中的应用均得到很大改善。     

小麦面筋蛋白结构、功能性及应用

小麦面筋蛋白的结构和组成是影响小麦粉面团粘弹性及烘焙品质的重要因素，而且在食品和非食品领域有着广泛的应用。对小麦面筋蛋白的结构、组成对功能特性的影响进行了综述，并简要介绍了小麦面筋蛋白在食品方面的应用。     

小麦贮藏蛋白的液相色谱分析研究

小麦贮藏蛋白包括醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白,这两种蛋白质主要决定了小麦的面筋品质。高效液相色谱法是目前分离和量化贮藏蛋白最有效的方法。建立了麦醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白的反相色谱分析方法,研究了柱温、流速、进样体积、洗脱梯度等对小麦贮藏蛋白分离效果的影响,确立了最佳分离条件,为小麦贮藏蛋白的进一步研究提供了条件,也可用于小麦品种的鉴别。     

小麦面筋蛋白对冷冻莜面水分分布和食用品质的影响

为了研究小麦面筋蛋白对冷冻莜面水分分布和食用品质的影响,将小麦面筋蛋白以不同比例添加到莜麦粉中制成冷冻莜面。研究小麦面筋蛋白对莜麦粉的糊化特性的影响,进而探究对冷冻莜面蒸煮品质、质构特性、水分状态与分布以及微观结构的影响。结果表明:添加质量分数10%小麦面筋蛋白能够显著(P0.05)降低冷冻莜面的蒸煮损失和断条率,明显降低莜面粘连度,可冻结水含量下降,冷冻莜面的微观结构更加致密,感官品质变好。     

小麦面筋蛋白结构及其改性研究

小麦面筋蛋白是生产小麦淀粉时副产品,具有价格低廉、产量大等特点。小麦面筋蛋白因分子量大、结构复杂、溶解性低而使其应用受限,因此在认识小麦面筋蛋白结构基础上,研究其结构及性能方面改性方法,对拓宽小麦面筋蛋白应用和缓解小麦过饱和问题都大有裨益。     

强筋小麦磨制面包粉工艺研究

为了研究中国育成并大面积推广强筋小麦品种的面包粉制粉工艺,以中国第一批确定的强筋面包小麦品种陕优225为主要原料,以国产4皮3芯中型加工设备进行工艺研究,同时也进行了以陕优225小麦为主原料的配麦试验。结果表明,面粉蛋白质品质,即蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量均以皮磨高于芯磨,皮磨由1B到4B逐渐升高,芯磨则由1M到3M逐渐降低;面团流变学品质除吸水率外,形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸性均与蛋白质品质规律基本一致,所不同的是面团流变学品质以3B为最高;面包烘焙品质面包体积和面包总评分其规律性与面团流变学品质相一致,皮磨以3B皮最好,以1B最差,芯磨以1M最好,3M最差。配麦试验结果显示,以陕优225与另一形成时间长的强力面包小麦以85:15配麦,取2B、3B、4B、1M、2M、3M前路粉,依次配置筛目目数为100、120、130、100、120目和130目,面粉品质明显改善,面包烘焙评分提高5.0～8.8分。     

Degradable Wheat Gluten Films: Preparation, Properties and Applications

Degradable films from spray-dried (SD) and flash-dried (FD) wheat gluten prepared at various pHs, salt levels, temperatures, and shearing times were compared. Differences were observed in properties of the films related to processing conditions. Films prepared from SD wheat gluten were thicker, and had higher tensile strengths and Young's moduli. SD wheat gluten solutions applied as coating material resulted in Grade A-quality shell eggs maintaining quality for 30 days at room temperature. Additionally, SD wheat gluten coating increased the water stability of starch-based packaging.     

全麦冷冻面团研究进展

冷冻面团是全麦食品的一种良好载体,可简化生产操作,降低加工难度,加快全麦食品的工业化生产。综述了全麦食品中的膳食纤维对面团及冷冻面团品质的影响,在冷冻和冷藏过程中全麦冷冻面团的发酵特性和流变学特性的变化,以及食品改良剂对全麦冷冻面团的品质改善等研究。通过分析全麦冷冻面团中面筋蛋白、淀粉、发酵特性、流变学特性等在冷冻和冷藏过程中劣变原因,为改善全麦冷冻面团的品质提供理论基础和实践参考。     

Wheat gluten–based coatings and films: Preparation,properties, and applications

Effective food packaging that can protect foodstuffs from physical, chemical, and biological damage and maintain freshness and quality is essential to the food industry. Wheat gluten shows promise as food packaging materials due to its edibility, biodegradability, wide availability, low cost, film-forming potential, and high resistance to oxygen. The low mechanical properties and poor water permeability of wheat gluten coatings and films limit their wide applications; however, some inferior properties can be improved through various solutions. This work presents a comprehensive review about wheat gluten–based coatings and films, including their formulation, processing methods, properties, functions, and applications. The mechanical and water resistance properties of coatings and films can be reinforced through wheat gluten modification, combinations of different processing methods, and the incorporation of reinforcing macromolecules, antioxidants, and nanofillers. Antioxidants and antimicrobial agents added to wheat gluten can inhibit microbial growth on foodstuffs, maintain food quality, and extend shelf life. Performances of wheat gluten–based coatings and films can be further improved to expand their applications in food packaging. Current research gaps are identified. Future research is needed to examine the optimal formulation and processing of wheat gluten–based coatings and films and their performance.     

How Looking for Celiac‐Safe Wheat Can Influence Its Technological Properties

Because of the continuous increase in the prevalence of gluten‐related disorders, selection of wheat with a low content of immunogenic gluten epitopes could be an innovative alternative for prevention. In this review, the focus is on literature data concerning the deallergenization tools of wheat, which are mainly related to breeding approaches (classic and advanced) and processing operations (germination and fermentation). Until now, no safe wheat genotype has been identified, whereas decreasing wheat allergenicity is possible. On the other hand, the decrease of gluten or some of its epitopes can strongly affect technological properties. Thus, obtaining celiac‐safe gluten without affecting the technological properties of wheat could be considered as a new challenge that scientists will be facing. Celiac‐safe wheat‐based product development could be a great revolution in the market of foods for special medical purposes. The present paper is aiming to: (a) review the strategies and the approaches used, or that can be used, for developing low allergenic wheat: their utilities and limits were also discussed and (b) screen the impact of gluten reduction or removal on the quality of wheat end‐use products.     

Enzymes as a Processing Aid in the Separation of Wheat Flour into Starch and Gluten

A pilot system for the separation of wheat flour into starch and gluten was used to study the effect of four enzyme preparations as processing aids. Technical enzyme preparations with hemicellulase, cellulase or protease activities appear to improve gluten yield, protein recovery in gluten and gluten coagulation in a flour with intermediate processing properties. With these enzymes similar results were obtained compared to a flour with good processing properties without the use of enzymes. The use of enzymes did not adversely affect protein content, baking quality and rheological properties of the gluten. The proportion of soluble proteins, however, increased when the protease was used. The yield of starch was slightly increased by the action of the cellulase and hemicellulase, but was significantly decreased with the protease. Starch purity as determined by its protein content was not affected. Based on these results it is concluded that some cellulases and hemicellulases can act as important processing aids for gluten/ starch separation.     

谷朊粉应用及深加工技术研究进展

在介绍谷朊粉应用现状的基础上,对酶解谷朊粉以及发酵谷朊粉的研究进展进行了综述,并探讨了谷朊粉研究开发中存在的问题,以期为谷朊粉的深度加工提供一定的参考。     

脱脂对小麦馒头品质的影响

脂类在小麦粉中含量极低,但对食品品质有很大的影响.选取6个不同品种的小麦,用氯仿脱脂,并分别制作馒头.通过馒头的TPA测定、馒头老化以及馒头表观形态和内部结构的变化来分析脂类对馒头品质的影响.结果表明:脂类对馒头品质的影响因小麦品种的不同而有所差异.脱脂后,弱筋小麦粉的馒头制品与对照相比,馒头体积增大,比容增加,硬度、...     

小麦加工品质性状与馒头质量性状的相关性

以２３个小麦品种为材料，对其２２个加工品质性状与蒸制的馒头质量性状间的相关性进行了系统分析，研究了高分子量谷蛋白亚基构成与馒头体积的关系。提出了用沉淀值、公差指数、软化度三个加工品质性状指标，作为评价馒头质量的间接指标     

Agronomic Factors Related to the Quality of Wheat for the Starch Industry. Part I: Sprout Damage

The wheat starch industry in the Netherlands processes about 300.000 t of wheat annually. However, only a small percentage of this wheat is grown in the Netherlands although it has been demonstrated that Dutch wheat varieties can also be successfully processed. Climatological and cultural aspects can however negatively affect Dutch wheat quality. Due to climatological conditions the Dutch wheat regularly suffers from sprout damage. It is for this reason that the effects of sprout damage on processing quality and quality of gluten and starch have been investigated using a pilot scale gluten starch separating system. Low levels of sprout damage appeared to have no effect on gluten yield and even improved the gluten coagulation. In baking tests also no effect of sprout damage on gluten quality could be detected. On the other hand, low levels of sprout damage may lead to a lower starch yield and starch has low viscosity characteristics, limiting its scope of application. Also the amount of solubles in the waste water was increased. These findings lead to a further definition of requirements of wheat for the starch industry, enabling future selection of wheat on the basis of more accurate criteria.