镁合金化学镀镍的研究现状与展望

镁合金用途广泛,但耐蚀性能差,通过化学镀镍可以改善其耐蚀性能.从改善镀层与基体的结合力、提高镀层耐蚀性和化学镀液组成及作用等角度出发,对近年来镁合金化学镀镍的研究状况进行了综述,并提出了今后发展的几点建议.     

镁合金磷化处理对化学镀镍层性能的影响

为了有利于环保,采用磷化工艺对AZ31B镁合金进行化学镀镍前处理.采用直观法、扫描电子显微镜和阴极极化曲线法对磷化膜及其化学镀镍层进行了分析.结果表明:AZ31B镁合金表面经磷化处理后得到了良好的化学镀镍层;AZ31B镁合金化学镀镍层的耐蚀性随磷化时间的延长先增加后减小,当磷化时间为75 s时,化学镀镍层的腐蚀电势比直...     

镁合金上二步法电镀锌的研究

为了提高镁合金基体与化学镀镍层间的耐电偶腐蚀性能,采用两步电沉积方法,在AM60镁合金上沉积金属锌镀层作为镁合金基体与化学镀镍层之间的过渡层.SEM观察显示,从硫酸锌为主盐的镀锌液中沉积的初始锌层较为粗糙,从碱性镀锌液中沉积的锌镀层覆盖在初始沉积层上,形成均匀致密的电镀锌层.电位-时间曲线结果表明,锌镀层的自腐蚀电位接近-1.3 V(SCE),较镁合金基体电位有所提高.锌中间层的存在有利于降低化学镀镍层与镁合金基体间的电偶腐蚀.     

化学镀液成分对镁合金镀镍层的影响

为了考察化学镀液成分对镁合金镀镍层的影响,利用金相显微镜和Axiovert 25CA (Zeiss)光学图像分析仪观察了镀层的组织、表面形貌及其显微组织,用辉光放电光谱分析仪(GDS)测定了镀层成分分布,并采用WS-97型声发射划痕仪测定了镀层的结合强度.通过试验比较了十二磺基水杨酸、柠檬酸钠和柠檬酸三种配位剂对镁合金化学镀镍层组织形貌、含磷量以及镀层与基体间结合强度的影响.结果表明,柠檬酸钠作配位剂时镀层与基体的结合强度较大,可达到60N,柠檬酸作配位剂时的镀层组织致密.另外,研究发现镀层中的镍、磷含量与镀液pH值具有较密切的关系.     

镁合金化学镀镍原理与工艺的研究进展

综述了镁合金化学镀镍工艺中镀前处理、化学镀镍、后处理等工艺及研究现状,介绍了各步工艺处理液配方和应用范围,提出了改进镁合金镀层质量的研究方向.     

钛合金化学镀镍-磷前后处理对镀层耐蚀性能的影响

为了提高TC4钛合金化学镀镍-磷层的耐腐蚀性能,对TC4基材化学镀前作微弧氧化处理和化学镀后作低温热处理,采用中性盐雾法研究了其腐蚀性能。结果表明:TC4钛合金表面微弧氧化、化学镀镍-磷后作再热处理,镀层的耐蚀性能最好,达8级;直接化学镀后再热处理镀层的耐腐蚀性为5级,不经热处理镀层的耐蚀性能最差,仅为1级;微弧氧化和低温热处理均能大大提高化学镀镍-磷层的耐腐蚀性能。     

硫酸镍和碱式碳酸镍主盐对镁合金化学镀镍的影响

为了比较镁合金化学镀镍中主盐性质的影响,分别采用硫酸镍(NiSO4·6H2O)和碱式碳酸镍[NiCO3·2Ni(OH)2·2H2O]为主盐对AZ91D镁合金进行化学镀镍.采用扫描电镜(SEM)比较了镀层的表面形貌和组织结构,用能谱(EDS)对2种主盐所得镀层进行成分分析,采用中性盐雾试验比较了不同主盐化学镀镍后镀层的耐腐蚀性,并通过热震和锉刀试验比较两者的结合力,最后在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行动电位极化曲线测试.结果表明,碱式碳酸镍作为镁合金化学镀主盐所得的镀层为高磷镀层,且致密性、耐腐蚀性和结合力均好于硫酸镍作为主盐的镀液.     

化学镀时间对无纺布表面镍镀层结构影响规律研究

采用Pd2+活化结合化学镀镍工艺制备金属化的植物纤维无纺布,借助X射线衍射、扫描电镜、四探针等分析测试手段,研究化学镀时间对植物纤维无纺布表面镀镍层结构特性的影响规律。结果表明延长化学镀时间,植物纤维无纺布表面化学镀镍层结晶性能变好。当化学镀时间为10min时,植物纤维无纺布的质量为0.038g/cm2,镀层表面电阻率为0.2Ω·cm。     

AZ91D镁合金直接化学镀镍工艺

为了降低生产成本,研究了AZ91D镁合金直接化学镀镍工艺.借助表面分析技术分析了AZ91D镁合金化学镀镍前处理及直接化学镀镍后的表面形貌,研究了不同工艺条件对镀层表面形貌的影响,测试了镀层与基体的结合情况及镀层结构.结果表明:以硫酸镍为主盐,pH值为5.5～6.5,施镀温度为80～95℃,施镀时间为1.0～2.5h时,可在镁合金表面直接化学沉积一层表面平整、组织致密、与基体结合力良好及硬度较高的非晶态Ni-P合金镀层.     

前处理对不锈钢表面化学镀Ni-P镀层结合力影响的研究

为了在不锈钢表面获得结合力合格的化学镀Ni-P镀层,研究了化学活化、化学活化 闪镀镍、阳极活化 闪镀镍3种前处理工艺对不锈钢上化学镀Ni-P层结合力的影响.采用淬冷法和划痕试验2种镀层结合力测试方法,对化学镀Ni-P层与不锈钢基体之间的结合力进行了评价.结果表明,采用化学活化 闪镀镍和阳极活化 闪镀镍的前处理工艺,Ni-P镀层与不锈钢基体之间的结合强度合格,而采用化学活化前处理的试样,Ni-P镀层与不锈钢基体之间结合强度不合格,原因在于经化学活化后,在不锈钢表面形成了一层黑灰色的腐蚀产物.在168 h的NaCl溶液中腐蚀失重试验表明,不锈钢失重1.2 mg,而化学镀Ni-P镀层未发现失重,说明化学镀Ni-P镀层耐腐蚀失重性能较不锈钢为好.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to