合成扫速对聚苯胺/碳纳米管材料电容量性能的影响

采用循环伏安法在不锈钢上电化学制备碳纳米管/聚苯胺(CNTs/PANI)复合材料,并研究了不同扫速下(10、20、50、100、200mV/s)碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,复合材料中由于CNTs自身的大比表面积和强的导电率改善了复合物微观结构和导电性能,并且使聚苯胺更易电沉积到CNTs的表面形成核-壳结构,从而增加聚苯胺与电解液的接触机会。并且在扫速为20mV/s时生成的聚苯胺/碳纳米管膜具有导电率高,比容量大的电容性能,在22A/m2的电流密度下充放电测试,测其单电极比容量高达397F/g,远高于纯聚苯胺的比容量205F/g。     

聚苯胺/石墨/碳纳米管复合热电材料的制备与表征

以石墨(G)含量为30%的高氯酸掺杂态聚苯胺(HClO4-PANI)为基体,掺入适量碳纳米管(CNTs),通过溶液共混合、机械球磨和冷压成型制备出聚苯胺/石墨/碳纳米管(HClO4-PANI/G/CNTs)复合热电材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)和热电仪(ZEM)等对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,HClO4-PANI/G/CNTs复合材料中各组分均匀地复合在一起,其ZT值随着CNTs含量的增加而先升高后降低。在90℃时,碳纳米管含量为7%的HClO4-PANI/G/CNTs复合材料的ZT值最高可达2.43×10-3,高于相同条件下石墨含量为37%的HClO4-PANI/G复合材料,比30%石墨含量的HClO4-PANI/G提高了7倍,比HClO4-PANI提高了3个数量级。     

碳纳米管的等离子体功能化及其聚苯胺复合材料的制备

采用等离子体技术对碳纳米管(CNTs)功能化,而后与苯胺原位聚合制备CNTs/聚苯胺(PANI)复合材料。电导测试结果表明:相对于CNTs的强酸氧化法(0.936S/cm),等离子体处理更易获得高电导率的复合材料(2.86S/cm)。相应的最佳等离子体工艺参数为:处理功率50W、时间5min、压力0.08Torr、温度110℃、磁场线圈电流0.08A及电极距离5cm。SEM观察发现:聚合后,CNTs的光滑表面转变成粗糙结构,同时管径增加了80nm。XRD、FTIR及Raman结果均证实:PANI被均匀包覆于CNTs的表面。     

低温聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料的制备

采用原位聚合法合成出了具有较高导电性的聚苯胺及聚苯胺 /碳纳米管复合材料 ,考察了不同碳纳米管添加量对聚苯胺 /碳纳米管复合材料表面形态、材料结构及导电性的影响并进行了表征。结果证实 ,制备出的复合聚苯胺的电导率比所见报道值提高了 1～ 2个数量级 ,为高电导率聚苯胺的合成开辟了更广阔的前景。     

二次掺杂制备聚苯胺/石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料及其防腐性能EI北大核心CSCD

在高氯酸体系中通过原位聚合将苯胺(ANI)单体分别与还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)、碳纳米管(CNTs)制备了一次掺杂态产物PANI/RGO和PANI/CNTs,产物分别经氨水解掺杂后,在高氯酸体系中经二次掺杂制备得到二次掺杂态聚苯胺/石墨烯/碳纳米管(Redoped PANI/RGO/CNTs)复合材料。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和紫外光谱对其不同产物形貌和结构进行表征,通过电化学工作站测试了不同产物在3.5%NaCl溶液的防腐蚀性能。结果表明,在RGO与ANI质量比为1:20、CNTs与ANI质量比为1:20时,二次掺杂态产物中聚苯胺纳米纤维可分别在RGO和CNTs上均匀生长并形成网状结构,纤维长度达到850 nm,形貌均一,其防腐蚀性能最优异,缓蚀效率可达81.79%。通过二次掺杂将PANI/RGO和PANI/CNTs复合制备Redoped PANI/RGO/CNTs材料,可有效避免石墨烯和碳纳米管在制备复合材料过程中的团聚,得到结构规整、防腐性能更优异的复合材料。     

提拉法制备聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合薄膜及性能研究

采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料,用提拉法使分散于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的复合材料在玻璃基底上成膜.通过SEM研究了薄膜的表面与截面形貌,其中复合管的直径为70～80nm,聚苯胺包覆层的厚度在30～40nm之间,薄膜厚度在1μm左右,复合材料分布比较均匀;经Raman光谱、UV-Vis吸收光谱分析表明聚苯胺与碳纳米管之间存在相互作用.使用繁用表和自制的接触装置对光照前后薄膜的电导率进行了测试,结果显示无光照时随着碳纳米管含量的增加复合薄膜的电导率从1.6×10<'-2>s/cm增加到了120×10<'-2> s/cm;光照前后的电导率测试表明,复合薄膜在光照条件下发生了光诱导电荷分离现象,光照使复合薄膜的电导率略有提高.     

聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其电容性能研究

通过在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)表面原位电化学聚合聚苯胺(PANI)制备聚苯胺/碳纳米管(PANI/MWCNTs)结构复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对制备的聚合物形貌进行了表征。结果表明,制备的PANI/MWCNTs复合材料具有纤维状结构。采用循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CP)表征该复合材料的电化学性能。通过调控了碳纳米管的管径和聚苯胺的厚度,研究其对复合材料比电容的影响规律。实验结果表明,在恒电流充放电的电流密度为0.5 mA/cm²条件下,碳纳米管的管径为50 nm,聚苯胺循环沉积CV圈数为5圈时复合材料的比电容最大,达到147.6 F/g。以上研究为制备出新型结构的聚苯胺/碳纳米管超电容材料提供了科学指导和理论依据。     

磁场处理对LDPE及其碳纳米管复合材料电导特性的影响

在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)及其碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料的热成型加工过程中施加稳恒强磁场,研究了磁场处理对LDPE及CNT/LDPE复合材料直流电导特性的影响,并结合差示扫描量热、偏光显微镜与原子力显微镜分析探讨了磁场处理的作用机理。结果表明,磁场处理能导致LDPE的结晶度提高,体积电阻率增加;稳恒强磁场能在CNTs中"诱导"形成感应磁矩,使得CNTs沿平行于磁场方向在LDPE中取向,从而导致CNTs/LDPE复合材料沿平行于磁场方向的电导率增加,电导非线性特性提高;磁场处理导致CNT/LDPE复合材料电导率增加的幅度随CNTs掺量的增加而增大。     

CNTs定向排列的CNTs／PMMA电导率低突增效应研究

基于有效介质理论(Effective-Medium Theory,EMA)模拟计算了碳纳米管(Carbon Nanotubes,CNTs)定向排列的CNTs复合材料的电导率及其渗流阈值.结果表明复合材料的电导率及渗流阈值强烈地依赖于CNTs的定向度、长径比和结构.通过计算复合材料电导率的增长率随CNTs含量的关系曲线,可确定出电导率的渗流阈值,其结果与实验基本符合,并对存在的差异给予了合理的解释.     

碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及表征

以含钴介孔分子筛为催化剂、乙醇为碳源, 采用CVD法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)。通过原位合成法制备一系列不同碳纳米管含量的碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CNTs/HA)复合材料。分别采用XRD、FTIR、TEM、N₂吸附-脱附和Raman光谱等分析手段, 对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料的晶相、结构、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征。同时研究了碳纳米管的添加量对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料形貌的影响。XRD与Raman结果表明, 所得CNTs/HA复合粉体中仅有CNTs与HA两种物相, 纯度较高, 结晶度较好; TEM结果显示, CNTs/HA复合材料中CNTs表面均匀包裹着一层纳米级的针状HA晶粒, 两者形成了较强的界面结合, 且当CNTs与HA的质量比为3:17时, CNTs与HA形成最佳结合状态; N₂吸附-脱附表征结果表明, 与HA的比表面积相比, CNTs/HA复合材料具有较高比表面积。     

纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极的制备

目的以纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜为导电基底,制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管超级电容器电极。方法利用超声处理和真空抽滤制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜;利用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺和聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料;通过真空抽滤法制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺电极和纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极。结果在纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜中,碳纤维形成了互穿导电网络结构,是良好的超级电容器电极导电基体;纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极具有良好的电化学性能,在扫描速率为5 mV/s的条件下,质量比电容为380.74 F/g,且在1000次循环测试后,电容保留率为88.05%。结论以纳米纤维素/碳纤维导电复合膜作为基体制备的纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极具有良好的电化学性能,可以作为超级电容器电极。     

有机化学合成法制备碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料

通过有机化学合成法使苯胺单体接枝到碳纳米管表面,然后再经化学原位聚合法制备碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料.用傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的成分和形貌进行表征.用循环伏安法、恒流充放电和电化学阻抗等电化学测试手段来表征复合材料的电化学性能.研究结果表明,所制备的复合材料比容量可达到152F/g(有机电解液),显著高于同样条件下的纯聚苯胺、纯碳纳米管及由原位化学聚合法所制备碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料的电化学容量(65、25、80F/g),显示出良好的应用前景.     

碳纤维表面原位固相协同生长纳米碳管

在碳纤维(CF)表面直接原位生长碳纳米管(CNTs),可有效避免CNTs分散不均的问题,充分发挥二者的优势,对获得高层间性能的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CNTs-CF/EP)具有重要的意义。本文对CF进行表面改性处理,在CF表面负载催化剂粒子,然后通过原位生长法并在助催化剂噻吩的协同作用下,在CF表面固相生长了CNTs。此方法得到的CNTs-CF,不仅有效避免CNTs在基体中的相互缠绕、难以分散等问题。而且由于生长CNTs的碳源主要来自CF,二者结合强度较高,对提高CNTs-CF/EP的层间性能非常有利。借助于SEM、XRD及FT-IR等分析测试手段,研究了催化剂Ni(NO_3)_2·6H_2O浓度对表面长有CNTs的CF的形貌、结构及其性能的影响。结果表明:在适当的催化剂浓度(0.2mol·L~(-1))负载中,CF表面能够生长出结合牢固、垂直生长且均匀分布的CNTs,但力学性能有所下降。     

A novel hierarchically carbon foam templated carbon nanotubes/polyaniline electrode for efficient electrochemical supercapacitor

In this work, a high-performance electrode material has been fabricated by the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) on a carbon foams (CF) to improve its electrochemical performance. The microstructure and performance of as-prepared material was characterized in detail. Results showed that the resultant material exhibited a high gravimetric capacitance up to 467.1?F g^?1, higher energy density of 104. 2?Wh kg^?1 and power density of 3000?W kg^?1 at a current density 3?A g^?1 when the electrochemical doping time of PANI equals to 20?min. Furthermore, it appeared a good cycling stability with capacitance retention of 94.5% after 10000 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the unique carbon nanostructure and synergistic effects of active materials CNTs and PANI. It indicates that this novel CF/CNTs/PANI-20 composite is a promising candidate for electrochemical capacitors.     

不同形貌纳米炭/聚苯胺复合材料对超级电容器电化学性能的影响

通过原位化学聚合制备了不同形貌的纳米炭材料(炭黑,碳纳米管及石墨烯纳米片)/聚苯胺复合电极材料.分析表明:石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料相比于炭黑/聚苯胺、碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合物及纯聚苯胺,具有产率和比容量高,内阻低及明显提高的循环稳定性和倍率性能.石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料更好的电化学性能归因于:(a)二维平面结构石墨烯有利于大量聚苯胺在其表面均匀沉积及更多的活性位使聚苯胺和电解液离子接触,从而有利于聚苯胺得失电子促使氧化还原反应的顺利进行;(b)石墨烯间的面接触有利于构建电子的快速传输网络使电极材料具有更低的电阻;(c)石墨烯及聚苯胺层层堆叠结构具有柔性包覆限制作用,可有效防止聚苯胺在充放电过程中因膨胀和收缩而从石墨烯表面脱离.     

Structure and tensile properties of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes composites prepared by melt extrusion

Polypropylene/carbon nanotubes (PP/CNTs) nancomposites were prepared with a single screw extruder by adding maleic anhydride-grafted poplypropylene (PP-g-MAH) as compatibilizer to polypropylene (PP) with different amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the range of 0.1–0.7 wt.%. Structure and morphology of the prepared samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarizing light microscopy (PLM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that PP spherulites decreased in size when CNTs were introduced into the polymer. Mechanical properties of the samples were also studied. Tensile tests showed that with increasing amount of CNTs the strain at break decreased whereas the Young’s modulus was improved of 16.41 % to 36.05 % and tensile strength of 36.67 % to 64.70 % compared to pristine PP. The SEM microphotographs showed that majority of the CNTs were dispersed individually and oriented along the shear flow direction.     

Thermal behavior of functionalized conventional polyaniline with hydrothermally synthesized graphene/carbon nanotubes

Abstract

Conventional polyaniline (PANI) was mixed as a binder polymer matrix with carbonous materials. Hydrothermal technique was utilized to fabricate a nanocomposite of graphene (G)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The morphological features and quality of the synthesized PANI, G/CNTs, and their mixtures were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the formation of wide area graphene sheets with folds around the edges. In addition, the hydrothermally fabricated G/CNTs exhibited a uniform distribution with partial agglomeration. However, adding their mixture to PANI generated a mesh like porous morphology which demonstrates an enhancement in surface area and providing 3D conduction network. Moreover, Raman spectra confirm the quality of the synthesized samples. The generated disorder and defects within the structure, and the ratio of quinoid ring (Q) to benzenoid (B) ring in the fabricated samples were depicted. In addition, the enhancement in thermal parameters and reversing the thermo-electric carrier type into N-type after doping were attributed to the generated facile conduction paths of G/CNTs.     

Photovoltaic device performance of single-walled carbon nanotube and polyaniline films on n-Si: device structure analysis

In this paper, we explore the use of two organic materials that have been touted for use as photovoltaic (PV) materials: inherently conducting polymers (ICPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to these materials' attractive features, such as environmental stability and tunable electrical properties, our focus here is to evaluate the use of polyaniline (PANI) and single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) films in heterojunction diode devices. The devices are characterized by electron microscopy (film morphology), current-voltage characteristics (photovoltaic behavior), and UV/visible/NIR spectroscopy (light absorption). We have found that both PANI and SWNT can be utilized as photovoltaic materials in a simple bilayer configuration with n-type Silicon: n-Si/PANI and n-Si/SWNT. It was our aim to determine how photovoltaic performance was affected utilizing both PANI and SWNT layers in multilayer devices: n-Si/PANI/SWNT and n-Si/SWNT/PANI. The short-circuit current density increased from 4.91 mA/cm(2) (n-Si/PANI) to 12.41 mA/cm(2) (n-Si/PANI/SWNT), while an increase in power conversion efficiency by ~91% was also observed. In the case of n-Si/SWNT/PANI and its corresponding device control (n-Si/SWNT), the short-circuit current density was decreased by an order of magnitude. The characteristics of the device were affected by the architecture and the findings have been attributed to the more effective transport of holes from the PANI to SWNT and less effective transport of holes from PANI to SWNT in the respective multilayer devices.     

一步法制备聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合泡沫材料及其性能

采用球磨法将碳纳米管分散到聚醚三元醇中,以水为发泡剂,采用一步法原位聚合制备了聚氨酯(PU)/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合泡沫材料,研究了发泡剂水的添加量和碳纳米管的含量对复合材料密度和性能的影响.结果表明,随水添加量的增加,泡沫材料的密度、压缩模量、拉伸模量以及断裂伸长率呈下降的趋势;碳纳米管的加入大幅度提高了材料的压缩...