EM菌活性污泥系统对皂素废水的深度处理试验

在活性污泥系统中利用EM菌液通过SBR反应器对经过一次生化处理的皂素生产废水进行深度处理研究,结果表明:在进水COD的质量浓度为3 000～3 250 mg/L,EM复壮液用量为进水量的0.7%,活性污泥液用量为EM复壮液的2倍,投加周期为9 d,系统一次曝气时间为16 h时,COD的去除率可达74.4%,最终出水COD的质量浓度基本稳定在800 mg/L左右,可达国家污水综合排放三级标准。     

EM菌活性污泥系统对皂素废水的深度处理试验

在活性污泥系统中利用EM菌液通过SBR反应器对经过一次生化处理的皂素生产废水进行深度处理研究。结果表明：在进水COD的质量浓度为3000～3250mg／L,EM复壮液用量为进水量的0．7％,活性污泥液用量为EM复壮液的2倍。投加周期为9d,系统一次曝气时间为16h时,COD的去除率可达74．4％,最终出水COD的质量浓度基本稳定在800mg／L左右,可达国家污水综合排放三级标准。     

生活污水处理中胞外聚合物对活性污泥絮凝沉降性的影响

以模拟生活污水为原水,在室温下用一体式膜生物反应器研究了蛋白质、多糖、蛋白质与多糖含量比(P/C)及胞外聚合物(EPS)总量对活性污泥絮凝沉降性的影响,建立了各影响因素与浊度和容积指数(SVI)的二项式非线性回归方程,并分析了各组元与絮凝沉降性能的作用机理. 结果表明,EPS含量增大使活性污泥的絮凝沉降性能明显变差,与浊度和SVI的非线性相关系数(R2)分别为0.683和0.785;蛋白质和多糖含量增大导致浊度和SVI均呈增长趋势,活性污泥的絮凝沉降性能降低;P/C增大仅降低了活性污泥的絮凝性能. 结合DLVO理论分析认为,EPS及其组分对活性污泥絮凝沉降的作用机理是长程范德华引力和双电层重叠时静电斥力相互叠加后最终表现为引力的结果.     

EM有效微生物技术在废水处理中的应用与发展

EM技术应用于废水生物处理具有广阔的发展前景。介绍了EM中代表性的微生物组成、作用及EM处理废水的机理,列举了国内外利用EM技术处理生活污水和工业废水的实例,并对EM技术和传统活性污泥法进行了比较,认为该技术应用于活性污泥系统中具有污泥量少,处理效果好等特点;并介绍了EM制剂的生产应用,对今后的研究方向和前景提出了展望。     

污泥龄对HMBR中LB-EPS及膜污染的影响

采用复合式膜生物反应器(HMBR)处理生活污水进行中试,研究了污泥龄(SRT)对松散附着性胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)及膜污染的影响。结果表明,SRT对LB-EPS、ζ电位以及活性污泥的絮凝与沉淀性能均有重要影响。在4种SRT(10、20、30、60 d)中,当SRT为20 d时的LB-EPS含量最低、ζ电位最高、活性污泥的絮凝与沉淀性能最好。滤饼层污泥主要来源于活性污泥,活性污泥性能的改善会提高滤饼层过滤性能,降低膜过滤阻力。当SRT为20 d时的滤饼层比阻最低,膜过滤总阻力最小。     

二沉池设计和运行中应注意问题的探讨

为了使设计的二次沉淀池具有更高的效率,通过理论和实践的研究,分析了影响二次沉淀池工作性能的多方面因素对二次沉淀池设计和运行中应注意的问题进行了探讨。活性污泥的沉降性能影响二次沉淀池的工作性能,有许多因素,如微生物絮凝性能及絮凝沉降影响活性污泥的沉降性能。二次沉淀池的设计和运行中的关键是要消除沉淀池的厌氧状态。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌G-420的筛选及其絮凝特性

从活性污泥中分离得到一株微生物絮凝剂产生菌G-420,并对该菌所产絮凝剂MBF-420的絮凝特性进行了研究.实验结果表明:该絮凝剂为微生物胞外产物,絮凝活性成分主要分布在发酵液中;该絮凝剂有良好的热稳定性,于100℃水浴中保持30 min,絮凝率仍能达到93%以上;具有较强的耐酸碱性;当絮凝剂用量为2.4 mg·L-1时,絮凝率高达95.99%;以金属离子作助凝剂能有效提高絮凝率,最适宜的助凝剂为Ca2 ;该絮凝剂对高岭土、土壤悬液、矿石粉等几种常见悬浊液体系均有较好絮凝效果.     

EM对生活污水中常见污染物去除效果的影响

本文通过投加微生态制剂EM培养活性污泥处理生活污水,探讨了EM对污水中的有机物、总磷、总氮、氨氮的去除效果的影响。研究发现:同对照组相比,EM系统启动时间加快10d左右,污泥的沉降性能好,污泥产量减少了约20%;当水力停留时间为6h,CODcr、BOD5、、NH4 -N和T-N的去除率分别为95.92%,99.03%,91.87%和96.77%。较对照组分别提高10.11%、8.04%、8.48%和18.41%。结果表明:EM能够缩短系统启动时间,改善污泥沉降性能,减少处理系统的污泥产生量,明显提高生活污水中污染物的去除效果。     

活性微生物絮凝剂的应用研究

从活性污泥中筛选得到一株活性微生物絮凝剂产生菌(127#),培养得到微生物絮凝剂,与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)进行了絮凝效果对比试验。结果表明,该微生物絮凝剂处理面食废水、乳品废水、啤酒废水、石料废水及磨料废水,絮凝效果显著,对剩余活性污泥脱水性能有明显改善。     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵 (HCA) 对活性污泥的脱水性能研究

以聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（HCA）均聚、共聚产品对活性污泥进行絮凝脱水性能研究。与阳离子聚丙酰胺（PAM－C）进行了对比。实验表明在用量为20－30mg/L时，HCA（均聚）对活性污泥有较好的絮凝脱水效果。     

Operating Conditions Corresponding to Optimal Final Properties of Activated Sludge Using the DOE and RSM Techniques

Abstract

This paper presents the influence of four relevant factors on the flocculation behavior in the activated sludge process: organic loading rate (COD), solid retention time (SRT), dissolved oxygen (DO), and calcium ion concentration, and links them to a selected set of process responses: sludge volume index (SVI), turbidity, organic removal rate (COD), and suspended solids (SS) removal. The “Design of Experiments” (DOE) and the “Response Surface Methods” (RSM) approaches are used to establish the operating conditions corresponding to optimal final properties of the activated sludge. Using these techniques, the results show that it is indeed feasible to locate the operating conditions which optimize the flocculation process and the sludge settling properties. The study represents a first attempt to evaluate the flocculation process in activated sludge using the DOE/RSM approach.     

Effect of Precipitant Additives on the Sludge Settling and Compacting Performance for Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of precipitant additives, i.e., calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and recycled sludge (RS), on the settling and compacting performance of sludge formed in the process of heavy metal wastewater treatment using bio-polymer ferric sulfate (BPFS). The results show that CaCO₃ is the most suitable additive since heavy metal removal, sludge settling performance, and compacting performance is improved by 20%, 83.3%, 23.5%, respectively. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were measured for contrasting the sludge morphology and crystallinity. The results suggest that CaCO₃ acted as seeding material produces the largest flocs. Moreover, the flocculation theory combined with zeta potential measurement was used to explain the sludge formation mechanism, which is proposed as charge neutralization by BPFS, sweep flocculation by amorphous precipitate, and bridging flocculation by polyacrylamide (PAM) in sequence. The improvement of sludge properties by adding CaCO₃ benefits from the enhancement of sweep flocculation. In summary, the interaction mechanism between precipitant additives and sludge performance is well understood, thus providing useful information about adding precipitant additives to improve both the sludge settling properties and the quality of the treated water during the heavy metal wastewater treatment.     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性研究

从活性污泥中分离出1株产高效絮凝剂微生物AspergillusM-25,利用其发酵液进行絮凝特性实验。实验结果表明:(1)该絮凝剂对250μm,4g/L,pH为7的高岭土悬浊液有良好的絮凝效果,絮凝率>97%;(2)菌株M-25产生的活性成分95%存在于上清液中,只有约5%存在于洗涤后的菌细胞中,未接种的培养液中不含絮凝成分;⑶影响生物絮凝剂絮凝效果的因素主要有絮凝剂的投加量,高岭土悬浊液的pH、浊度、粒度以及金属离子的添加;⑷利用该生物絮凝剂处理活性炭粉末溶液和土壤悬浊液,也取得较好的处理效果,显示了絮凝范围的广泛性。     

生物絮凝剂的絮凝活性及絮凝条件研究

从活性污泥中筛选得到1株絮凝活性较高且稳定的菌株,命名为C4-3,对其絮凝活性及絮凝条件进行了研究。结果表明,C4-3的絮凝活性物质主要为菌体分泌物;在絮凝剂投加量为1 mL·(100mL)、1％CaCl2助凝剂投加量为1～6 mL、pH值为8.0～11.0的絮凝条件下,C4-3对1～7 g·L-1高岭土悬浊液模拟废水...     

EM技术在MBR中的应用研究

实验采用投加EM菌强化的MBR工艺处理某印染厂排放废水,考察了强化MBR的处理效果和对活性污泥特性的影响,以及对膜过滤性能的影响。EM菌按0.5%的比例投入MBR,并启动反应器,在水温25℃,pH=7,水力停留时间12 h,溶解氧浓度3~5 mg/L的条件下运行60 d。实验表明,EM菌强化的MBR工艺对TOC的平均去除率高于未强化组20%,具有更好的出水水质。此外,EM菌的强化作用使活性污泥具有更好的生物活性和更大的粒径,同时在一定程度上缓解了膜污染。     

Recycling of excess sludge using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis

The highly strengthened treatment and disposal of excess sludge based on economic and environmental regulation factors is one of the important issues to be dealt with in the activated sludge process. In this study, the reduction and recycling technology of excess sludge were investigated for the aim of achieving a zero emission of excess sludge produced from the activated sludge process using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis. Alkaline-thermal hydrolysis of excess sludge was obtained 73% and 40% reduction rate at pH 13 (60 8 °C) and pH 11 (60 8 °C), respectively. Flocculation was carried out using a Ti-salt flocculant and the collected sludge was dewatered and incinerated at 600 °C to produce TiO₂ nanoparticles. The amount of total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids was significantly decreased with pH increase. The optimal dose of Ti-salt flocculation aid to improve dewatering ability of sludge breakage was 23.95 Ti-mg l^?1. Also, in the batch culture, the supernatant after flocculation and the organic matter released from the lysed sludge were found to be useful as a source of energy for the growth of microorganisms during the aerobic operations period. TiO₂ produced from Ti-salt flocculation of excess sludge (TES) was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and photocatalytic activity.     

胞外聚合物(EPS)对市政污泥性质影响的研究进展

污泥中的胞外聚合物是其重要的组成部分,文章对胞外聚合物的化学组成及结构的最新进展进行了介绍;论述了胞外聚合物中的粘液层(slime层)、松散结合层(LB-EPS层)和紧密结合层(TB-EPS)对污泥絮凝、沉降以及脱水所产生的影响。     

阻垢剂在含钙污泥减量化中的应用研究

研究了活性污泥处理磷钙废水(采用明胶生产企业排放的磷钙废水)过程中阻垢剂对污泥活性的作用及减量化效果。结果表明,在体积稀释比(磷钙水:自来水)为2:1时,将Ⅱ号阻垢剂按照0.4 mL.L-1的投加量投加到反应器中后,使得钙盐对活性污泥体积指数的压缩性得到缓解,压缩速率减缓69%,从而使得活性污泥絮凝体积有所释放,保持了较好的生物活性,MLSS的值低于未加阻垢剂的反应器,产泥速率可降低60.56%,明显减少了污泥中无机灰分的含量,从而减少了钙泥的产出量,达到钙质废水处理中污泥减量化的目的;同时投加阻垢剂的反应器COD去除率高于未加阻垢剂的反应器,平均可增加16.25%,说明阻垢剂的使用使得污泥活性有所恢复,提高了处理效果。