PVA纤维对水泥基材料性能的影响研究

通过对不同纤维掺量的PVA-ECC试件进行抗压强度和抗折强度试验以及干缩试验,探究PVA纤维对水泥基复合材料基本力学性能和干缩性能的影响。结果表明:PVA纤维的掺入,可以提高水泥基复合材料的抗折强度,在0～3.6kg/m~3的掺量区间内,PVA纤维掺量越大,P水泥基复合的抗折强度越大;PVA纤维的掺入可以提高水泥基材料的抗压强度,但是不显著;PVA纤维掺量1.8kg/m~3时,其对水泥基材料的干缩有抑制作用。     

内掺白云石水泥基材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

为考察白云石对水泥基材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响，本文采用10%、20%、30%(质量分数，下同)白云石掺入水泥净浆与水泥砂浆试件中，在低温条件下浸泡于5%硫酸镁和5%硫酸钠溶液中，并进行硫酸盐侵蚀试验。定期观察试件的宏观形貌变化，并定量分析其侵蚀产物。测定水泥砂浆试件抗折强度与抗压强度并进行宏观分析，以此得出不同种类硫酸盐对试件生成碳硫硅钙石的影响。采用热力学模拟探究白云石对水泥胶凝体系产物的影响。结果表明：当白云石掺量为10%～20%时，能抑制水泥基材料中碳硫硅钙石的生成，水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能有较大提高，水泥砂浆试件抗折强度有明显改善，这与热力学模拟结果基本一致。     

可再分散乳化沥青粉末改性水泥砂浆的力学性能和微观形貌

为解决水泥基材料脆性大、韧性差问题,本文提出了掺加可再分散乳化沥青粉末（REAP）以改善水泥基材料韧性的方法。试验制备了REAP 掺量为胶凝材料用量0、10%、20%、30%的可再分散乳化沥青颗粒改性水泥砂浆（REAPMCM）,研究了REAP对REAPMCM抗压、抗折强度、折压比、弹性模量等力学性能影响,分析了其对水泥水化产物微观形貌影响,对比了其与采用乳化沥青制备水泥乳化沥青砂浆微观形貌。结果表明,随着REAP掺量增加,REAPMCM抗压、抗折强度与弹性模量均有所降低,折压比有所提高,REAP掺量30%的REAPMCM折压比为28.5%,其相比未掺加REAP砂浆的折压比提高了46.6%;掺入REAP改善了水泥基材料的韧性,但其改善效果随着水泥水化龄期增长而有所降低;随着REAP掺量增加,一方面浆体总孔隙率含量有所增大,另一方面水泥水化产物间填充覆盖的沥青膜面积增大,且其断面显微形貌与相同沥青固含量掺量的乳化沥青砂浆断面基本类似,证实了REAP亦可较好分散、成膜分布于水泥水化产物间,达到了其与乳化沥青乳浊液对水泥基材料改性相类似的使用效果。     

纤维增强型水泥混凝土抗变形分析及应用

针对传统水泥凝土材料自身脆性强和韧性不足的问题，提出在混凝土制备过程中掺入纤维，并分析了纤维种类、纤维长度和纤维掺量对混凝土韧性的变化影响。结果表明：长钢纤维对水泥混凝土增韧效果最好。当长钢纤维掺量为0.7%时，混凝土试件韧性最佳，此时，混凝土试件抗折强度为5.12 MPa，弯曲韧性指数I₁₀和I₂₀分别比素混凝土增加了291%和415%。将掺量为0.7%的长钢纤维混凝土用于路面时，可减小路面厚度，加大缩缝间距，降低工程造价，节约施工和维修成本。     

麦秸与水泥复合掺料对生土自嵌固空心砖力学性能的影响

通过对12组共180个不同麦秸及水泥掺量的生土自嵌固空心砖进行抗压抗折试验,得到了掺用两种掺料试件的抗折强度、抗压强度及荷载位移曲线.分析了生土自嵌固空心砖的破坏过程、破坏形态及荷载位移曲线,研究了麦秸及水泥掺量对该类砖抗压抗折强度的影响规律,通过强度影响系数量化了水泥对该砖的强度提高作用,在此基础上研究了水泥强度影响系数随麦秸掺量的变化趋势.结果表明:当麦秸和水泥复掺时,麦秸对生土自嵌固空心砖变形性能的改善不明显,且麦秸的掺入降低了水泥对该砖的强度提高作用.该研究结果可为生土自嵌固空心砖的力学性能的研究提供参考.     

抗折剂对混凝土性能的影响研究

分析了当前普通水泥混凝土路面裂缝和断板的问题,在此基础上验证了不同掺量抗折剂的混凝土与基准混凝土的抗折强度和抗裂性能,随着抗折剂掺量的增加,混凝土抗折强度先增大后降低,当掺量3%时,混凝土抗折性能最大;通过应力强度因子分析验证,抗折剂掺量3%时,混凝土抗裂应力增进率达到最大值。     

纳米SiO2对水泥混凝土力学性能影响研究

为了给水泥混凝土路面推荐性能较优纳米SiO2改性材料,本文以抗压强度和抗折强度为评价指标。对比研究了试件不同养护龄期和不同纳米SiO2掺量,对水泥混凝土的改性效果。结果表明:纳米SiO2材料掺量为1.5%时,其抗压性能和抗折性能能够达到较为理想的效果;当纳米SiO2材料添加过多时,对其试件的抗压和抗折性能影响均开始减小;纳米SiO2对提高试件的初期抗压强度效果较为明显,对后期强度提升效果不明显。     

PVA纤维增强快硬硫铝酸盐水泥基ECC材料性能的研究

针对快硬硫铝酸盐水泥基快速修补材料易开裂的问题,为了提高其韧性,增强其抗裂能力,设计并制备了PVA纤维快硬硫铝酸盐水泥基ECC材料(CSA-ECC),开展了PVA纤维不同体积掺量下CSA-ECC材料的工作性,抗压、抗折强度,单轴拉伸性能及弯曲韧性的试验研究,通过SEM观察分析了PVA纤维在CSA-ECC材料中的作用机理.研究结果表明:CSA-ECC材料浆体的流动度随纤维体积掺量的增多而降低,在掺量为2％时会出现结团现象;当纤维体积掺量高于1％时,抗压强度会出现略微下降;抗折强度随纤维体积掺量的增多而增大,纤维掺量为2％时,抗折强度可提高333％;当纤维体积掺量大于1.5％后材料在单轴拉伸下呈多缝开裂的破坏形式,在弯曲荷载作用下表现出良好的韧性特征和变形能力.     

硅溶胶对水泥基材料微观结构和力学性能的影响

用在水泥基材料试件中插入玻璃板的方法进行黏结强度实验,结合 X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了硅溶胶对水泥基材料微观结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着硅溶胶掺量的增加,水泥硬化浆体强度、水泥硬化浆体与玻璃板界面黏结强度和混凝土强度均随之增加;但当硅溶胶掺量(质量分数)大于1.50%时,各项强度值不再增加.在1.5%硅溶胶掺量和28 d龄期时,掺矿渣的水泥硬化浆体与玻璃板界面黏结强度比不掺硅溶胶时提高了40%;掺矿渣的水泥混凝土抗折强度和抗压强度分别提高了20%和15%.硅溶胶的掺入能有效地降低水泥硬化浆体与玻璃板界面中氢氧化钙晶体的取向程度,可明显减少界面中氢氧化钙晶体的数量并细化其尺寸,减小界面过渡区的厚度.     

硅烷基聚合物防水粉末对早强砂浆性能影响的试验研究

通过试验,研究了硅烷基聚合物防水粉末掺量对早强砂浆的流动性能、抗压强度、抗折强度、吸水性能及抗氯离子渗透性能的影响规律。早强砂浆是由普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥和石膏为胶凝材料制备而成,硅烷基聚合物防水粉末是由γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、聚乙烯醇和异丁基三乙氧基硅烷为主要原料制成。试验结果表明：硅烷基聚合物防水粉末掺量3.0%以内时,早强砂浆流动度和经时流动度损失符合规范要求;掺量为3.0%时,28 d龄期的早强砂浆试件吸水率最大降低58.9%,抗压强度和抗折强度未降低,抗氯离子渗透性能提高44.6%。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。