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天然气水合物储运技术研究进展 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
近年来,天然气水合物储运技术引起了广泛的关注,并得到了快速发展。文章首先介绍了天然气运输的多种方式,进而分析了常见天然气储运方式的物理特性及其经济性,接着着重介绍了天然气水合物的基本特性、天然气水合物储运的基本原理和技术路线,分析了天然气水合物制备技术、储存技术和分解技术等的特点,最后概述了提高水合物储气效率的措施和相关研究进展等。此外,还对天然气水合物储运技术的应用前景进行了展望 相似文献
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水合物法储运天然气技术 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以天然气水合物方式储运天然气是一种新型的既安全可靠,又能大幅降低运输费用的方式。文章从天然气水合物制备、储存、运输和分解四个方面分析了水合物储运的相关技术,指出了存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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天然气水合物的发现虽已有很长的历史,但一直局限在防止和抑制水合物的生成研究上,水合物具有独特的结晶笼状结构,用水合物作为天然气储运的新方法,具有安全可靠、费用低的优势,因而对它的研究成为当今世界能源开发的热点。将天然气水合物(NGH)技术应用到天然气非管道储运技术中,正在成为其中的焦点之一。介绍了世界天然气水合物储运技术研究的概况、特点、应用方向、以及与其他天然气非管道储运技术的经济比较。 相似文献
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天然气水合物生成及分解的工艺流程设计 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
天然气水合物技术可显著降低天然气储运费用,提高天然气储运的经济性和安全性,受到了工业界的普遍重视,而设计研究高效的水合物生产工艺则是其工业化应用的基础。目前的天然气水合物工艺流程普遍存在着投资大、生产效率低、经济性差的缺点。为此,从水合物的基本组成出发,从降低能耗、优化水合物生成及分解的温度与压力、提高生成及分解的反应速率等方面对流程进行了设计:进入水合物反应釜前,水和天然气各自以一条支路流动;水从上支路泵入反应釜,而天然气则从下支路喷入反应釜;反应釜内温度控制为10 ℃,压力控制为5 MPa。综合考虑了各种分解方法的优缺点,选用加注热水法作为水合物分解的激发方式。该流程是专为固态天然气储运技术而开发的,具有成本低廉,可以高效连续制备、分解固体天然气等优点。 相似文献
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天然气水合物储运技术的研究和应用 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
对天然气水合物的研究是当今世界能源开发的热点。而将天然气水合物(NGH)技术应用到天然气非管道储运技术中来,也正在成为其中的焦点之一。本文介绍了世界上天然气水合物储运技术研究的概况、应用方向、特点,以及与其他天然气非管道储运技术的经济比较。 相似文献
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针对输油管道阻力大的问题,提出了一种利用太阳能聚光加热输油管道的新型减阻集热方式。采用Fluent软件,对物理模型、网格、湍流方程、初始条件及边界条件等进行了合理的设置,对输油管路进行了数值模拟;研究了管长与聚光比对输油管段出口温度的影响,并与理论计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:出口温度随着管长的增加而增加,同时也随着聚光比的增大而增加;该管路在聚光比为5,入口温度为20℃,流速为1 m/s的条件下,对管道前8 km铺设复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)进行聚光加热可使油品温度提高到60℃,使摩阻系数大幅度降低,从而达到了减阻的目的。在输油管道的末端利用换热器可将油品得到的热量进行回收,达到能源的高效利用。 相似文献
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为丰富和发展聚合物减阻体系,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸(AMPS)、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAM)、十六烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵(CDAAC)为单体合成出一种四元两性疏水缔合聚合物(PAADC),研究了其溶液的流变和减阻性能。考察了不同浓度该聚合物溶液的流变特性,讨论了该聚合物体系的摩擦阻力系数和减阻率随广义雷诺数的变化关系,并对比了PAADC与AM/AMPS/DMAM形成的三元水溶性聚合物(PAAD)的流变学和减阻效果。结果表明,聚合物体系具有良好的剪切稀释性,相同浓度PAADC溶液的触变性明显大于PAAD溶液;浓度为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%的PAADC体系,最大减阻率分别为32.29%、62.32%、69.52%和67.35%,证明PAADC溶液浓度显著影响溶液的减阻性能,其中0.3%PAADC体系的减阻效果较优。 相似文献
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原油管道输送防蜡减阻效果的实验室评价方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着人们对原油减阻防蜡研究的深入,实验室评价装置和性能测试方法也将进一步得到完善和发展。本文对原油输送管道内壁涂层和添加剂的减阻、降粘、防蜡效果的实验室评价装置及实验方法作了总结,对涂层物理化学性质的评价方法及管壁涂层的防蜡减阻机理进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Subhash N. Shah Ahmed Kamel Yunxu Zhou 《Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering》2006,53(3-4):179-188
An excessive friction pressure loss due to the small tubing diameter and curvature (which is believed to cause secondary flow) of Coiled Tubing (CT) often limits the maximum obtainable fluid flow rate in most CT operations. Good drag reduction property becomes a desirable quality for drilling, completion and workover fluids for CT applications. Yet, the drag reduction phenomenon in coiled tubing has not been well understood.This paper presents an experimental study of drag reduction performance of commonly used drag reducing agent, high molecular weight, anionic, AMPS copolymer (Nalco ASP-820) in straight and coiled tubing. The flow loop used consisted of three 1/2-in. OD coiled tubing reels with curvature ratios of 0.01, 0.019, and 0.031. A 1/2-in. OD, 10-ft straight section was also included to compare the drag reduction behavior between straight and coiled tubing. Various concentrations of drag reducing fluid were tested. The optimum concentration was then determined from the results of drag reduction exhibited by the fluid. The differential pressure versus flow rate data were reduced in terms of Fanning friction factor and solvent Reynolds number for estimating drag reduction characteristics.The results show that the drag reduction in coiled tubing are significantly lower than in straight tubing. As curvature ratio increases, the drag reduction decreases. A new drag reduction envelope (which is parallel to the Virk's envelope for drag reduction in straight pipes) is proposed to evaluate the essential characteristics of drag reduction in coiled tubing. The test data plotted on this new envelope clearly show the delayed onset of drag reduction and the effects of curvature and polymer concentration on drag reduction.Presently, the correlations for accurately predicting drag reduction characteristics of a commonly used drag reducing fluid in coiled tubing are non-existent. In this study, new drag reduction correlations are developed that can be used for the engineering design of coiled tubing hydraulics. The correlations are also evaluated using the experimental data from full-scale coiled tubing flow experiments and results showed the good agreement with the predictions from the developed correlations. 相似文献
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V. C. B. Guersoni A. C. Bannwart T. Destefani E. Sabadini 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2013,31(8):943-951
The study of drag reduction is very important for the transport of hydrocarbons through long pipelines. The reduction in pressure drop along the pipeline leads to larger volumes transported for the same pumping energy, or lower power pumps can be used to carry the same flow rate. In this study, two drag reducer agents were tested on commercial diesel. The experiments were run in rheometer and pipe in order to compare their relative capability to reduce torque and pressure drop, respectively. Despite the different flow mode and turbulence level in both methods, a qualitative correlation between their results could be established. The experiments conducted in a rheometer allow quickly selecting the best drag reducer agent with small sample volume and good accuracy. The limitations of this technique are also highlighted by comparison of the drag reduction measured using the two techniques. 相似文献
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Heavy crude oil shows high viscosity combined with low mobility, which affects the efficient transportation through pipelines. Drag has long been identified as the main reason for the loss of energy in pipeline fluid transmission and other similar transportation channels. The main contributor to this drag is the viscosity as well as friction against pipe walls, which will result in more pumping power consumption. Various methods such as heating, upgrading, dilution, core annular flow, and emulsification in water have been used for their transportation. The influence of toluene and naphtha as a viscosity and drag reducing solvent on flow of Iraqi crude oil in pipelines was investigated in the present work. The effect of additive type, concentration, pipe diameter, solution flow rate, and heating on the percentage of drag reduction (%Dr) and percentage flow increase (%FI) were the variables of study. The maximum drag reduction was observed to be 40.48% and 34.32% using heavy oil flowing in pipeline diameter of 0.0508 m I.D. at 27°C containing 10 wt% naphtha and toluene, respectively. Also, the dimensional analysis is used for grouping the significant quantities into dimension less group to reduce the number of variables. 相似文献
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选择6种不同类型的减阻剂,通过研究不同浓度减阻剂的黏度和减阻效果,分析了减阻剂类型、分子量、分子结构、离子性能和浓度对其减阻性能的影响,并对减阻剂减阻机理进行了探索性研究。结果表明,减阻剂水溶液属于幂率流体,在一定流量范围内减阻率随着浓度的提高而提高;其水溶液黏度、离子特征和减阻率没有明显的联系,分子量在100万以上的减阻率在相同浓度下,减阻率趋于一致;影响减阻剂减阻性能的主要因素是减阻剂的分子结构。得出低分子量的长链结构的减阻剂和具有支链的长链结构的减阻剂以及具有柔顺、螺旋型分子链结构的减阻剂减阻性能更稳定;带支链的长链结构的减阻剂,在水中速溶,在较广泛的雷诺数范围内可得到理想的减阻率,具有较小的分子量,容易分解,对储层伤害小,此类减阻剂适合作页岩气储层大规模滑溜水压裂液的添加剂。 相似文献