基于两步法的交互式纹理映射研究

两步纹理映射方法将映射过程分解为S映射与O映射两步进行.针对两步纹理映射方法研究中复杂物体表面纹理映射时出现的变形问题,采用B样条曲面代替简单的中间映射媒介,用它近似地包裹在三维物体的外表面,将纹理通过某种方式映射到曲面上实现参数化.基于两步映射方法提出了一种交互式纹理映射的算法.该算法允许用户交互选择贴图范围,通过控制B样条曲面实现对映射效果的调整.实验结果表明,该算法可显著提高纹理映射质量,纹理贴图效果良好.     

一种散乱数据点的多分辨率曲面重构方法

给出一种基于细分曲面技术实现散乱数据点的多分辨率曲面重构的方法。在曲面重构过程中,依据灰度图像边缘检测思想分析散乱数据特征值,将这些特征值生成纹理特征曲线进行曲面细分,从而形成了多分辨率网格模型结构。经过测试,该方法不仅重构曲面时间短,同时构造出的细分曲面能较好地反映原始数据的细节特征。     

PNG复杂曲面纹理映射的仿真方法

随着PNG图片越来越广泛的应用,所以研究复杂曲面纹理映射的方法有着重要的意义.为了在保持低存储量,小计算量的同时,针对PNG图片的复杂曲面自动纹理映射的变形,根据纹理扰动的缺点.提出了一种改进的复杂曲面纹理映射的方法,通过利用解二次椭圆偏微分方程,来得到任意曲面到平面的共形映射.方法不但可以自动分配纹理坐标到复杂的没有起伏的曲面,而且可以有效地克服复杂曲面的自动纹理映射的变形.避免纹理扰动,很好地解决了纹理的自动映射.     

曲面二阶几何连续性的混合曲率评价与可视化

曲面连续性评价与可视化在工业设计和分析过程中起着重要作用.针对曲面二阶几何连续性评价,提出了混合曲率的概念,并给出了基于混合曲率的曲面二阶几何连续性评价与可视化方法,可处理比传统基于单一曲率的评价方法更多奇异情况;还给出了纹理映射方法和自适应网格细分的实现算法,达到实时渲染和精度可调的要求.最后通过实例说明了该方法的有...     

基于等密度映射和纹理重构的分层图像变换

图像变换包括图像映射和图像重构两个重要部分,而现有重构方法存在计算量较大、容易产生视觉误差等问题,并不能真正快速有效地实现图像变换。本文通过建立等密度映射的方式将重构转化为一个可以依赖纹理硬件快速完成的纹理映射过程,从而改进了传统的图像变换模型,并在此模型基础上设计了一种分层图像变换的方法。分层图像变换,首先将参考像素以相近的分辨率映射到对应的密度层以避免形成大量空洞,然后通过背景层设置、密度层合并等操作将对应的目的像素存储在一个可控长度的双向链表上,最后从后向前遍历链表逐层生成和合成纹理得到目的图像。实验结果表明,分层图像变换在有效避免视觉误差的基础上,大大提高了计算效率。     

一种三维头发的仿真方法

头发的仿真一直是计算机图形学中最具挑战性的问题之一.为了得到真实感的头发图像,运用了基于NURBS曲面的头发建模方法,由悬臂梁模型在头部曲面附近生成关键头发曲线;调节控制点改变曲线形状;构造NURBS曲面四边形带代替头发簇;在头部模型对头发进行光照渲染,可以使用纹理方法映射颜色纹理和alpha纹理以生成真实头发.最后碰撞检测与响应手段增强了头发动态感.仿真结果表明,上述方法可以获得具有比较逼真效果的头发图像.     

运用局部纹理映射加速曲面纹理合成

基于样图的纹理合成方法能够在网格曲面上合成高质量纹理,但合成速度有待进一步提高,对此提出一种运用局部纹理映射加速曲面纹理合成的算法.首先以三角形法向量、切向矢量与纹理尺度为约束,将三角网格曲面分割为一系列映射区与合成区;然后用基于块的平面纹理合成方法生成大面积样图,用调和映射方法对映射区进行纹理映射;最后采用基于三角块的合成方法生成合成区纹理.实验结果表明,该算法对一般的随机性纹理与半结构性纹理具有很高的合成质量,能够控制纹理方向与尺度的变化.由于大部分三角形的纹理通过局部纹理映射得到,仅需要合成少数三角形的纹理,纹理合成过程得到大幅度地加速.     

基于Contourlet变换的纹理特征提取及纹理分类

通过对传统小波多方向性缺失和Contourlet变换系数稀疏性的分析,提出运用方向性小波Contourlet分析纹理特征,以自组特征映射神经网络(SOM)处理Contourlet变换系数的重组序列.对SOM网络输出层codebook矩阵进行奇异值分解得到纹理图像特征向量的方法进行纹理分类,在充分利用图像各尺度方向信息的基础上,有效提取了图像纹理特征.实验结果表明,该方法分类效果显著,Contourlet变换比传统小波分解更适合于图像纹理特性的分析.     

基于OpenGL的复杂曲面的纹理映射

介绍利用OpenGL和Visual C++6.0进行复杂曲面的纹理映射.利用解二次椭圆偏微分方程的方法,得到任意曲面到平面的共形映射.此方法可以自动分配纹理坐标到复杂的没有起伏的曲面,有效地克服复杂曲面的自动纹理映射的变形,避免了纹理扰动.     

逐像素偏移纹理坐标的视差映射改进方法

视差映射技术可以通过沿着视点方向平移纹理坐标来实现纹理图像的真实感绘制,然而不正确的纹理坐标偏移量将导致纹理图像的滑动现象.根据视差映射技术原理,通过定义纹理坐标值与高度值之间的映射函数得到偏移量与当前视点坐标的对应关系;利用GPU技术计算得到正确的纹理坐标偏移量,使得在视点动态变换时纹理图像的绘制不会产生滑动现象.实验结果表明,与传统视差映射方法及现有GPU技术校正纹理坐标偏移量方法相比,在没有增加算法复杂度的前提下,采用文中方法可改善纹理图像真实感绘制的效果.     

基于MIP-MAP预过滤的区域取样球面纹理映射

球面是常见的二次曲面.它使用曲面分割原理对球面进行分割,并应用区域取样方法实现了对球面的纹理映射.为了减少计算花费,采用MIP-MAP预过滤纹理,并改进了在每一个可选的MIP-MAP层的取样率,以避免在较低l层欠取样,在较高l 1层过取样.这种方法能取得理想的纹理映射效果,有效解决走样问题.     

Ptex: Per‐Face Texture Mapping for Production Rendering

Explicit parameterization of subdivision surfaces for texture mapping adds significant cost and complexity to film production. Most parameterization methods currently in use require setup effort, and none are completely general. We propose a new texture mapping method for Catmull‐Clark subdivision surfaces that requires no explicit parameterization. Our method, Ptex, stores a separate texture per quad face of the subdivision control mesh, along with a novel per‐face adjacency map, in a single texture file per surface. Ptex uses the adjacency data to perform seamless anisotropic filtering of multi‐resolution textures across surfaces of arbitrary topology. Just as importantly, Ptex requires no manual setup and scales to models of arbitrary mesh complexity and texture detail. Ptex has been successfully used to texture all of the models in an animated theatrical short and is currently being applied to an entire animated feature. Ptex has eliminated UV assignment from our studio and significantly increased the efficiency of our pipeline.     

Displaced subdivision surfaces of animated meshes

This paper proposes a novel technique for converting a given animated mesh into a series of displaced subdivision surfaces. Instead of independently converting each mesh frame in the animated mesh, our technique produces displaced subdivision surfaces that share the same topology of the control mesh and a single displacement map. We first propose a conversion framework that enables sharing the same control mesh topology and a single displacement map among frames, and then present the details of the components in the framework. Each component is specifically designed to minimize the shape conversion errors that can be caused by enforcing a single displacement map. The resulting displaced subdivision surfaces have a compact representation, while reproducing the details of the original animated mesh. The representation can also be used for efficient rendering on modern graphics hardware that supports accelerated rendering of subdivision surfaces.     

Hierarchical Functional Maps between Subdivision Surfaces

We propose a novel approach for computing correspondences between subdivision surfaces with different control polygons. Our main observation is that the multi‐resolution spectral basis functions that are open used for computing a functional correspondence can be compactly represented on subdivision surfaces, and therefore can be efficiently computed. Furthermore, the reconstruction of a pointwise map from a functional correspondence also greatly benefits from the subdivision structure. Leveraging these observations, we suggest a hierarchical pipeline for functional map inference, allowing us to compute correspondences between surfaces at fine subdivision levels, with hundreds of thousands of polygons, an order of magnitude faster than existing correspondence methods. We demonstrate the applicability of our results by transferring high‐resolution sculpting displacement maps and textures between subdivision models.     

结合活动轮廓模型的无监督纹理图像分割

定义了清晰度参数、细节信号能量参数和边缘信号能量参数3个纹理参数,对图像的纹理特征进行分析,以获取原图像的特征能量图;再利用基于简化Mumford-Shah的活动轮廓模型对图像进行纹理分割,该分割模型能较好地处理模糊、缺省的边界,同时具有去噪的功能．利用水平集方法求解该模型,解决了演化曲线拓扑可变的问题．与传统的纹理分析方法相比,文中方法能更好地表达图像中复杂纹理的信号特征．通过对合成纹理图与自然纹理图进行分割及大量实验结果表明：该方法能有效、快速地分割纹理图像．     

消除二次曲面纹理映射的图像失真的方法

二次曲面是一类常用的物体，文章利用三角剖分纹理映射及仿射变换的原理，分别对圆柱曲面、球面实现了纹理映射，有效地消除了二次曲面的纹理映射的图像失真问题。     

单幅人脸图像的全景纹理图生成方法

目的针对从单幅人脸图像中恢复面部纹理图时获得的信息不完整、纹理细节不够真实等问题,提出一种基于生成对抗网络的人脸全景纹理图生成方法。方法将2维人脸图像与3维人脸模型之间的特征关系转换为编码器中的条件参数,从图像数据与人脸条件参数的多元高斯分布中得到隐层数据的概率分布,用于在生成器中学习人物的头面部纹理特征。在新创建的人脸纹理图数据集上训练一个全景纹理图生成模型,利用不同属性的鉴别器对输出结果进行评估反馈,提升生成纹理图的完整性和真实性。结果实验与当前最新方法进行了比较,在Celeb A-HQ和LFW(labled faces in the wild)数据集中随机选取单幅正面人脸测试图像,经生成结果的可视化对比及3维映射显示效果对比,纹理图的完整度和显示效果均优于其他方法。通过全局和面部区域的像素量化指标进行数据比较,相比于UVGAN,全局峰值信噪比(peak signal to noise ratio,PSNR)和全局结构相似性(structural similarity index,SSIM)分别提高了7.9 d B和0.088,局部PSNR和局部SSIM分别提高了2.8 d B和0...     

3D geometry-dependent texture map compression with a hybrid ROI coding

Difering from common 2D images,a texture map,since it is used to project onto a 3D model in 3D space,not only contains 2D texture information,but also implicitly associates certain 3D geometric information.Related to this,an efective 3D geometry-dependent texture map compression method with hybrid region of interest(ROI)coding is proposed in this paper.We regard the visually important area of the texture map as the ROI.To acquire the visually important areas of the texture map,we take into account information from both the 3D geometry and 2D texture maps,depicting the saliency of the textured model,distortion of the texture mapping,and boundary of the texture atlas.These visually important areas are expressed as a visual importance map.According to the particularity of the texture map,a hybrid ROI coding method that utilizes Max-Shift and an improved post compression rate distortion(PCRD)technique is presented,guided by this visual importance map.To find the exact wavelet coefcients pertaining to these ROIs before carrying out the hybrid ROI coding,this paper proposes a stochastic coefcient priority mask map computational method.Experimental results show that the visually important areas of the texture image have a better visual efect and that a good rendering result can be obtained from the texture mapping.     

纹理映射中的平面校正技术研究

为了快速实时地进行由平面组成的结构景物的3D建模问题,文中介绍了一种在进行图像3D重构时纹理映射中的平面校正方法。介绍了三角形模型在图像处理、图形绘制、虚拟现实等技术中的重要作用。从射影几何的角度出发,给出了从两幅视图进行景物三维重构的分层重构方法。在已知欧氏重构即摄像机内参数的基础上,介绍一种基于标定的平面射影失真矫正方法。通过此方法,将矫正过的纹理映射到欧式点重构结构中,得到景物的3D模型。经实验验证,这种方法在处理由平面组成的景物的3D重构中是实时有效的。     

Improved two-way satellite time and frequency transfer with Multi-GEO in BeiDou navigation system

Due to the limitation of Geostationary Earth Orbit(GEO)satellite resources,only very few TWSTFT links with parallel counterpart operating via diferent GEO satellites between two ground stations are available.There are 5 GEO satellites in BeiDou Navigation System,which enables an improved TWSTFT with Multi-GEO.Two algorithms are put forward to take the advantage of Multi-GEO links to improve the performance of time and frequency transfer respectively.The dynamic weight average algorithm based on a newly proposed dynamic time variance aiming at improving the performance of time transfer is shown to be able to reduce the dynamic time deviation of the two-way measurement result to 1/√N dynamic time deviation of the single link using N-GEO links,if each link has similar level of link noises.The algorithm of cancelling out the link noise Allan variances with 2-GEO links is expected to obtain the Allan variance of clock diference between two ground stations.The experiment results using 2-GEO links in BeiDou Navigation System show that the dynamic weight average algorithm can improve the dynamic time deviation of the two-way measurement to around 0.6 of that of the single link in an average concept.And the estimated Allan deviation of the clock diference using the algorithm for cancelling the noise Allan variances of both links can reach 7×10 12(τ0.65)for the averaging time 1–105s which is within the same order of magnitude as the estimated Allan deviation based on carrier Doppler measurement for the averaging time 10 s–104s,despite the noisy links with the Allan deviation follows 3×10 10(τ1).