七杆双足机器人行走系统动力学研究

针对双足步行机器人结构复杂性、系统非线性和动态步态难控制的问题,以七杆双足步行机器人为研究对象,建立七杆双足步行机器人动力学数学模型,模型描述出机器人在动态步行中从欠驱动相到完全驱动相的切换及步行中产生的冲击碰撞问题,体现了动态步行的非光滑动力学特性。借助仿真平台对研究对象各关节运动参数进行分析,结果反映出机器人模型在完整的周期步行过程能够稳定行走及发生碰撞时各运动参数的变化,验证了参数化模型的正确性。     

基于Pro/E和ADAMS的双足步行机器人造型及仿真研究

对步行机器人的双足进行了三维造型及运动仿真研究。首先利用通用软件Pro/E对人形机器人支撑受力部位腿部进行了三维造型的设计与装配,并在相应软件中检测了装配的正确性及精确度。然后根据ZMP稳定判据分析得出机器人步行的稳定性条件,最后将腿部模型其导入ADAMS中并对其进行了步行运动仿真。研究结果表明,所设计的步行机器人双足关节转角插值正确合理、无干涉,能够较好满足双足机器人的步行需要,论文成果具备一定参考价值和积极意义。     

基于Pro／E和ADAMS的双足步行机器人三维造型及仿真

随着科技的发展,机器人技术及仿真技术飞速发展。双足步行机器人相对于四足和多足机器人,其运动的稳定性和可靠性更难保证。现利用如今使用广泛、通用性强的Pro／E软件对人形机器人运动过程中最主要的支撑受力部位——腿部,进行三维的造型设计与装配,阐述其造型步骤及注意事项,并在零力矩判据下得出转动关节的转角值。为了更方便的研究机器人的稳定步行过程中各关节转角的插值,将腿部模型简化后倒入ADAMS中进行步行仿真实验,经观测其步行过程的平稳度,验证了关节转角插值的正确合理性。     

仿生双足机器人步态规划研究现状及展望

合理的步态是双足机器人实现连续步行运动的基础,研究仿生双足步行机器人的步态设计规划具有重大价值和意义。现从基于目标优化的步态规划、基于模型的步态规划和基于人体步行运动数据的步态规划三个方面简述了仿生双足机器人步态规划的研究现状,并展望了仿生双足机器人步态规划的发展方向。     

被动动力步行机器人关键问题研究

自治双足步行机器人通常用于展示和娱乐的目的,相对于“被动动力步行”而言,其能量效率比较低。文中通过Garcia的被动动力步行机器人模型引入了“被动动力步行”的概念,并对被动动力步行机器人研究中的仿生学原理、步态周期分岔和控制策略等几个关键问题进行了说明。     

四足爬行机器人步态分析与运动控制

为了实现液压作动的四足步行机器人的稳定行走,根据运动稳定裕量原则规划四足机器人的直行步态,保证三足支撑机体时稳定裕量为100 mm;针对液压缸运动加速度突变导致机体冲击振动的问题,提出了利用S型曲线作为各自由度的运动位移控制规律的方法。按照JQRI00型四足步行机器人原理样机的结构建立了虚拟样机模型,应用仿真软件对所设计步态进行了仿真,分析了步态的运动学、动力学特征和位移控制方法的运动特征;在四足步行机器人原理样机上进行了试验,并将试验与仿真结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,所设计的机器人步态可行,保证了机器人具有较好的行走稳定性;将S型曲线用于位移控制,消除了液压缸运动加速度的突变,进一步提高了机体运行的平稳性。     

双足步行机器人结构可视化设计

采用Watt-21型平面六杆机构作为基本的行走机构,探讨了步行机器人行走机构应有的特性,完成了机构的运动分析.同时为了便于分析,利用Pro/E建立了双足步行机器人的三维模型,并在软件中进行了运动仿真.利用计算机的可视化设计技术来修正设计参数.     

一种摆腰式无膝双足机器人的机构设计及运动分析

为了有效的提高双足机器人在直线运动上的运动速度,自主创新设计了摆腰式的双足机器人。此设计的目的是通过无膝双足机构减少双足机器人在寻找稳定重心过程中的时间。主要目的是研究此机构在运动过程中的稳定性。首先,根据机构设计及其工作原理在SolidWorks软件中建立三维建模,将机构简化为六连杆模型。然后,运用正运动学分析理论建立正运动学方程,并结合三维模型中各个结构的数据参数,推导出摆腰双足机器人各个关节的运动函数及重心坐标。最后,在此基础上应用ADAMS软件对摆腰双足机器人进行运动仿真,求出在既定电机速度的情况下各个关节的运动变化曲线及速度变化情况,进而得到摆腰双足机器人在前向运动过程中重心变化情况,得出其稳定情况。     

近似直驱双足机器人跳跃运动非线性优化及试验验证

跳跃是腿足式动物最常见的步态模式之一,通过快速有力的爆发性功率输出,动物可完成越障避敌等行为.然而,受制于执行器能力限制和高动态运动的规划控制难度,由腿足式机器人实现跳跃奔跑等运动极具挑战性.为此,设计一种基于共轴近似直驱结构方案的双足机器人样机,在三杆简化模型的基础上,确立支撑相和飞行相的约束条件,以跳跃高度最优为目标,将机器人系统的运动规划问题处理成有限维度的非线性优化问题,并采用变参数PID实现关节力矩跟踪控制.通过双足机器人跳跃试验,对运动规划算法的有效性进行验证.结果 表明,双足机器人样机能完成离地高度约为0.34 m(相当于50％的腿长)的跳跃动作,研究成果可为未来高越障性足式机器人研究提供理论支撑和技术参考.     

基于地面反力检测的四足马机器人适应步行法

为适应国内外对四足马机器人进行的广泛研究,根据四足马机器人的结构模型和步行稳定性分析,对其适应步行法进行了研究。首先,介绍了具有12个运动关节和球形脚部的四足马机器人结构模型,并求出了其运动学反解;其次,在分析步行稳定性和检测地面反力的基础上,提出了一种四足马机器人适应步行的实现方法;最后,通过自制的小型四足马机器人进行了适应步行实验。实验结果表明,所提出的四足马机器人适应步行法具有可行性。     

Biped walking robot based on a 2-UPU+2-UU parallel mechanism

Existing biped robots mainly fall into two categories： robots with left and right feet and robots with upper and lower feet. The load carrying capability of a biped robot is quite limited since the two feet of a walking robot supports the robot alternatively during walking. To improve the load carrying capability, a novel biped walking robot is proposed based on a 2-UPU＋2-UU parallel mechanism. The biped walking robot is composed of two identical platforms（feet） and four limbs, including two UPU（universal-prismatic-universal serial chain） limbs and two UU limbs. To enhance its terrain adaptability like articulated vehicles, the two feet of the biped walking robot are designed as two vehicles in detail. The conditions that the geometric parameters of the feet must satisfy are discussed. The degrees-of-freedom of the mechanism is analyzed by using screw theory. Gait analysis, kinematic analysis and stability analysis of the mechanism are carried out to verify the structural design parameters. The simulation results validate the feasibility of walking on rugged terrain. Experiments with a physical prototype show that the novel biped walking robot can walk stably on smooth terrain. Due to its unique feet design and high stiffness, the biped walking robot may adapt to rugged terrain and is suitable for load-carrying.     

仿生直立双足机器人的稳定性控制算法

仿生直立双足机器人共有7个旋转自由度,对其稳定性控制是保证双足机器人稳定行走和姿态变换的关键。传统方法中对仿生直立双足机器人的稳定性控制采用二自由度超外差控制方法,对直立双足机器人抓握和操控的运动规划效果不好。提出一种基于末端效应逆运动学分解的仿生直立双足机器人的稳定性控制算法,构建了仿生直立双足机器人运动学结构模型,采用末端效应逆运动学分解方法对机器人的运动学模型进行七自由度重构,在重构的运动学状态空间中实现仿生直立双足机器人稳定性控制,实现控制算法改进。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行机器人稳定性控制,机器人行走过程中各个机构部件具有稳定运动学参量的输出,仿生双足机器人的控制机构参数仿真结果与理论值在一定的波动范围内相符,保证了机器人在行走和各种行为动作实施过程的姿态稳定性。     

面向不平地面的双足欠驱动步行稳定控制

为实现双足机器人在不平地面上的欠驱动步行,提出一种基于质心运动状态的稳定步行控制策略.考虑地面柔性,使用柔性接触模型描述"机器人足部地面"柔性接触,并通过解耦建模的方式建立了"机器人地面"前向与侧向耦合动力学模型.根据人类变速步行特征,提出基于机器人质心速度控制的步行控制策略,将三维步行解耦为前向和侧向的主从控制,通过...     

Static Force Analysis of Foot of Electrically Driven Heavy-Duty Six-Legged Robot under Tripod Gait

The electrically driven six-legged robot with high carrying capacity is an indispensable equipment for planetary exploration, but it hinders its practicability because of its low efficiency of carrying energy. Meanwhile, its load capacity also affects its application range. To reduce the power consumption, increase the load to mass ratio, and improve the stability of robot, the relationship between the walking modes and the forces of feet under the tripod gait are researched for an electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. Based on the configuration characteristics of electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged, the typical walking modes of robot are analyzed. The mathematical models of the normal forces of feet are respectively established under the tripod gait of typical walking modes. According to the MATLAB software, the variable tendency charts are respectively gained for the normal forces of feet. The walking experiments under the typical tripod gaits are implemented for the prototype of electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot. The variable tendencies of maximum normal forces of feet are acquired. The comparison results show that the theoretical and experimental data are in the same trend. The walking modes which are most available to realize the average force of distribution of each foot are confirmed. The proposed method of analyzing the relationship between the walking modes and the forces of feet can quickly determine the optimal walking mode and gait parameters under the average distribution of foot force, which is propitious to develop the excellent heavy-duty multi-legged robots with the lower power consumption, larger load to mass ratio, and higher stability.     

基于被动动力式的两足机器人研究现状

介绍了被动动力式两足机器人的基本原理、研究方法、评价标准。针对以康奈尔两足机器人为代表的几个机器人的结构、工作原理和特点进行了分析说明，并与传统的两足机器人作了对比．指明此类机器人的研究意义和可能的实际用途。     

Energy efficiency analysis of quadruped robot with trot gait and combined cycloid foot trajectory

Quadruped robots consume a lot of energy, which is one of the factors restricting their application. Energy efficiency is one of the key evaluating indicators for walking robots. The relationship between energy and elastic elements of walking robots have been studied, but different walking gait patterns and contact status have important influences on locomotion energy efficiency, and the energy efficiency considering the foot-end trajectory has not been reported. Therefore, the energy consumption and energy efficiency of quadruped robot with trot gait and combined cycloid foot trajectory are studied. The forward and inverse kinematics of quadruped robot is derived. The combined cycloid function is proposed to generate horizontal and vertical foot trajectory respectively, which can ensure the acceleration curve of the foot-end smoother and more successive, and reduce the contact force between feet and environment. Because of the variable topology mechanism characteristic of quadruped robot, the leg state is divided into three different phases which are swing phase, transition phase and stance phase during one trot gait cycle. The non-continuous variable constraint between feet and environment of quadruped robot is studied. The dynamic model of quadruped robot is derived considering the variable topology mechanism characteristic, the periodic contact and elastic elements of the robot. The total energy consumption of walking robot during one gait cycle is analyzed based on the dynamic model. The specific resistance is used to evaluate energy efficiency of quadruped robot. The calculation results show the relationships between specific resistance and gait parameters, which can be used to determine the reasonable gait parameters.     

慧鱼六足仿生机器人步态研究与实现

在仿生学原理的基础上,对六足步行机器人三角步态的行走原理和稳定性进行了分析。采用慧鱼仿生机器人包搭接出六足步行机器人,进行了一系列步行的实验。并对机器人腿部机构中的足端轨迹进行了仿真与分析。结果表明该机器人能够严格按三角步态进行行走,实现诸如直线、转弯、躲避障碍物等行走功能,具有较好的机动性。