开放的梯型无反转激光系统Doppler展宽对增益的影响

研究表明：当探测场和驱动场都失谐时，Doppler展宽的变化仅对无反转地．增益的检大值有明显的影响，而且极大值随Doppler展宽的增加而迅速减小；当探测场失谐驱动场共振且Doppler展宽取适当值时，系统可以获得增益极大值中的最大值；这个最大值随原子注入速率比的增加而增加，频率上转换的程度越高，为达到这个极大值所要求的Doppler展宽越小；在开放的梯型无反转激光（LWI）系统中Doppler展宽对增益的影响与从其他LWI系统中得到的有明显的差别。     

开放的V型三能级系统中SGC对传播效应的影响

利用密度矩阵运动方程和光场传播方程的数值计算结果,研究在Doppler展宽的开放的V型三能级无反转激光（LWI）系统中自发辐射诱导相干（SGC）对传播效应的影响及原子退出速率（r0）和注入速率比（s）对SGC相关的传播效应的调制作用,以寻找获得更大LWI增益和探测场强度的途径。研究结果表明,随着传播距离的增加,IWI增...     

Doppler展宽的开放准A型四能级系统中的SGC效应

从不同方面研究了Doppler展宽的开放的准∧型四能级原子系统中自发辐射诱导相干(SGC)对无反转激光(LWI)增益的影响.研究结果表明,当SGC强度一定时,LWI增益总是随Doppler展宽宽度的增加而变小;不管Doppler展宽是否明显,通过选取适当的SGC强度,总可以获得比不存在SGC时大的LWI增益,而且Doppler展宽宽度越小,这一差别越明显;粒子注入速率及退出速率也会对与SGC相关的LWI增益产生明显的影响;开放系统可得到远大于相应封闭系统的LWI增益.     

准∧型四能级系统中Doppler展宽和相对相位对瞬态演化的影响

研究了具有真空诱导相干的准∧型四能级原子系统中Doppler展宽以及探测场和驱动场之间的相对相位对瞬态演化的影响。研究结果表明:相对相位对无反转增益(GWI)的瞬态演化规律有明显的影响,对泵浦场和驱动场增益(吸收)的瞬态演化规律只有很小的影响;Doppler展宽宽度D值的改变也对相位相关的GWI的瞬态演化有显著的调制作用;在取固定值的情况下,D值越大,增益达到稳定值所需的演化时间越长;D值不同时,达到增益极大值的演化时间也不同;最大瞬态增益和最大稳定增益并不对应相同的D值;选取适当的和D值,存在Doppler展宽时可以得到比无Doppler展宽时更大的增益;当存在Doppler展宽时,光场的传播方向对相位相关的GWI瞬态演化也有显著的影响,探测场与驱动场传播方向相同时比传播方向相反时可以获得更大的GWI。     

开放系统的无粒子数反转激光的时间演化分析

对开放的V型三能级系统,通过微分方程的数值运算,分析了该系统的无粒子数反转激光(laser without inversion, LWI)产生的机制,讨论了探测场和驱动场的失谐、驱动场的Rabi频率、粒子初始状态对系统LWI时间演化的影响.结果显示:驱动场耦合的两个能级上的粒子数分布以相同的频率振荡,位相差π;在探测场和驱动场皆共振(⊿=⊿<,o>=0)时,原子对探测场色散的响应为零,双光子相干项ρca是实量;驱动场的Rabi频率Ω增大时,增益、相干项和粒子数差的振荡周期减小;粒子数的初始状态主要影响增益、相干项和粒子数差的振荡幅度,并不影响最后的稳定状态.     

Doppler展宽的四能级系统无反转激光的传播效应

在考虑Doppler效应下,通过理论分析和数值模拟研究了传播效应对开放四能级系统中的无反转激光特性的影响.研究发现:探测场和驱动场同向传输对系统获得无反转激光更为有利,要想提高探测激光的增益不仅要选取合适的入口处驱动场Rabi频率值,而且选取适当的驱动场和探测场初始失谐值对于提高激光增益也极为关键;随传播距离的增大,探测场上下能级粒子数一直满足无反转,而探测场上能级和驱动场上能级间的粒子数随传播距离的增大发生了Raman反转.     

开放V型系统中自发辐射诱导相干的影响

利用开放的V型三能级原子系统密度矩阵运动方程的数值解,从不同角度研究了原子自发辐射诱导相干(SGC)对系统吸收和色散的影响。研究发现,这种相干性可导致无粒子数反转激光(LWI)、电磁感应透明(EIT)和无吸收高色散。研究还表明,这种相干性越强,获得最大无反转增益所需的驱动场Rabi频率的值越大而所需的非相干泵浦速率R的值越小;随着原子退出速率的增大,无反转增益逐渐减小并最终转变为吸收,而且增益减小的速度随这种相干性的增强而加快。     

开放四能级系统中自发辐射诱导相干

首先提出了开放的准A型四能级原子系统模型,然后利用系统定态数值解从不同方面研究了自发辐射诱导相干(SGC)对无反转激光(LWI)增益的影响.研究结果表明:通过调节SGC的强弱可实现从吸收到LWI的转换,并显著提高LWI增益;表示SGC效应的2个因子p1和p2的变化对LWI增益的影响程度有较大的差别;开放系统可得到远大于相应封闭系统的LWI增益,在无泵浦场情况下的开放系统仍然可以得到探测场的无反转放大,而相应封闭系统只能呈现对探测场的吸收.     

失谐对开放的Λ型系统无粒子数反转激光增益的影响

本文使用开放型三能级无粒子数反转激光模型,从原子密度算符运动方程出发,讨论了定态情况下驱动场和探测场失谐对激光增益和折射率的影响.理论分析表明:若驱动场Rabi频率较小,只有探测场共振时才能得到最大的增益;调整探测场的失谐可以获得无吸收高折射率;驱动场Rabi频率较大而达到某一阈值后,调整探测场的失谐将出现特别增益区.驱动场失谐的变化对折射率产生的影响比对增益更为显著.以上结论与封闭型三能级无粒子数反转激光系统中的结论有很大的不同,尤其后者不存在特别增益区.     

开放的梯型系统中相位涨落的影响

给出了有驱动场位相涨落的开放的梯型无粒子数反转激光（LWI）系统增益、色散和布居数差的定态解析解，进而用得到的数值计算结果分析了驱动场位相涨落对增益、色散和布居数差的影响。研究结果表明，驱动场位相涨落将导致有限线宽；随着线宽的增加，系统增益单调地减小，但系统色散的变化并不是单调的，当线宽取某个值时，色散有极大值；线宽的变化不能导致无反转激光向反转激光的转变。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.