c-HyLabs混合光交换网络上的多播机制研究

在WDM网络中有两种全光多播方式,一种是OCS（光电路交换）网络中基于光树的多播,另一种就是在OBS（光突发分组交换）网络中基于突发分组的多播。这两种方式都有各自的优缺点。在分析这两种交换技术优缺点的同时,提出了一种采用混合交换技术的新型光交换网络（c-HyLabs）,并提出了在此网络上实现光多播的机制。通过OPNET的仿真表明,该混合光交换网络在相同条件下其延时及丢包率等性能均优于OBS网络多播。     

混合光交换网络中不确定业务下的优化路由方案

在结合了OCS和OBS优点的混合光交换网络背景下,提出了一种业务矩阵不确定的情况下的优化路由方案。在给定的波长数目下,该方案首先给OBS预留若干个波长;然后构建OCS虚拓扑;最后利用预留的波长,采用优化方法得到OBS路由。以最小化丢包率作为优化网络性能指标。仿真结果表明,在给定波长数目的情况下,与最短路由相比,采用优化路由能有效地减少整个网络的丢包率;同时,为了描述业务矩阵的不确定性,引入了不确定因子。随着不确定因子的减小,优化路由下整个网络的丢包率就越小。     

光突发交换网络中QoS机制研究与实现

光突发交换作为下一代光互联网最有前途的解决方案已经越来越受到人们的关注,如何增强光突发交换网络的服务质量(QoS)保障能力,已成为光交换领域内的一个重要研究课题。论文对光突发交换网络中基于偏置时间的QoS机制进行了研究,采用低优先级直接丢弃算法,结合突发分片技术和最近可用信道-空隙填充算法,提出了一种新的QoS解决方案,通过建立相应的光突发交换网络模型对该解决方案进行了仿真比较,仿真结果表明该方案可以明显地降低阻塞率,提高信道利用率,为各类业务提供良好的QoS保障。     

Slotted Optical Burst Switching (SOBS) networks

In the paper, we study Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks. Since OBS still suffers high loss ratio due to the lack of buffer at the OBS core routers, we study methods to reduce the loss without using optical buffers. We consider time-slotted OBS called Slotted OBS (SOBS), where routers are synchronized and only send fixed length bursts at the beginning of time slots. Our simulation results show that SOBS reduces the packet loss probability significantly. Moreover, we show that SOBS can be implemented with little or no additional cost and has other advantages such as providing better support for Quality of Service (QoS).     

基于GMPLS的光突发交换网络的仿真研究

光突发交换技术(OBS, Optical Burst Switching)是电路交换到分组交换的过渡技术,GLOBS网络是通用多协议标记交换(GMPLS, Generahzed Multi-Protocol Label Switching)技术和OBS技术结合的产物,后者是将现有光网络技术向光因特网过渡的有效途径。提出了基于OPNET软件的G-LOBS通用仿真平台的设计,设计出了基于流量工程的资源预留(RSVP-TE, Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering)信令模块,并用OPNET软件对RSVP-TE协议进行了仿真分析。     

OBS网络中QoS方案的对比研究

本文讨论在光突发交换OBS网络中支持QoS的两种机制：基于偏置时间的QoS方案和比例QoS方案。前者从OBS的基本协议JET出发,具有简单性、可行性,但存在不公平等问题;后者解决了此问题,但在许多方面仍需改进。仿真结果及分析对两种方案在几种主要性能上进行了对比。     

Design and application of Simple Data Link (SDL) framing protocol

The Simple Data Link (SDL) framing protocol is uniquely designed to delineate packets in high-speed communications. SDL can identify the boundaries of variable length frames by using length indication and Header Error Correction (HEC) check. In this paper, we derive an HEC hunting algorithm for bit-level and octet-level operations and propose a hardware circuit to simplify the implementation of an SDL framer. By employing only one CRC detector, the proposed framer can reduce the hunting time of packet delineation just like using multiple framers in parallel. To evaluate the performance of SDL in next generation optical networks, the packet loss probability of Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks is examined. Analytical results reveal that receivers with SDL framers can greatly reduce packet loss probability than those with only pure IP headers.     

CORNet: An OBS metro ring network with QoS support and fairness control

The rapid evolution of networks has been driven by new advances in enabling technologies and the explosive growth of Internet traffic. Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is not only cost-effective, but also provides high throughput, high bandwidth utilization, and low transmission latency. These benefits make OBS a viable solution for next-generation Metro Area Networks (MANs) in which the traffic models will be changed more dramatically than in today’s networks. This paper employs Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology to construct a loss-free OBS metro ring architecture designated as the Collision-free Optic-burst Ring Network (CORNet). The proposed architecture ensures a collision-free transmission of data bursts, while retaining the advantage of the statistical multiplexing provided by conventional OBS networks. A novel distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol to integrate the support of differentiated service and fairness access in CORNet is presented. The proposed Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning mechanism adopts a bandwidth-reservation approach which combines real-time transmission establishment and termination routines. Furthermore, a credit-based fairness control scheme is designed to guarantee the transmission fairness of best-effort traffic. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the proposed CORNet system provides good performance for real-time traffic while simultaneously providing significant performance improvements for best-effort traffic.     

OBS网络中多重主动重调度算法

信道调度算法是光突发交换（OBS）网络的关键技术之一。在主动重调度算法的基础上,提出了一种新的多重主动重调度算法,通过搜索并重调度数据信道上所有能进行重调度的突发,使多个突发重调度后产生的间隔尽量小,从而降低突发丢失率。     

一种支持比例区分服务的OBS数据信道调度算法

光突发交换（OBS）是实现IP／DWDM网络的一种极有前途的方案,该文提出了一种用于OBS网络的PDF数据信道调度算法,此算法能支持比例区分服务，保证高优先级业务数据比低优先级业务数据得到更可靠的传输．计算机仿真验证了PDF调度算法的性能．     

GMPLS-based OBS光传输网络体系结构

提出一种采用GMPLS协议作为控制面的光突发交换（OBS）网络体系结构,给出了网络结构、节点功能模型、控制包格式和新增控制信令交换接口的建议。提出的网络结构是在OBS的突发控制包用通用标签代替地址,并使用GMPLS协议栈完成路由和信令功能,实现流量工程和生存性研究。     

光突发交换数据信道调度算法研究

随着IP业务的迅速增长,对传送网带宽和交换系统容量的需求正以前所未有的速度增加,由于光电路交换带宽利用率低和光分组交换对器件的要求过高等等缺点,结合二者优点的光突发交换便脱颖而出,并受到业界的广泛关注。本文在介绍光突发交换基本概念、特点的基础上,重点探讨了光突发交换数据信道调度算法,主要包括最近可用信道调度算法(LAUC)、最近可用信道-插空调度算法(LAUC-VF)、轮询调度算法等技术,对LAUC和LAUC-VF的优缺点进行了分析比较,并给出了一种基于阈值的光突发交换数据信道调度算法。     

光突发交换中路由技术的研究

光突发交换网络中路由的实现是网络生存性和健壮性的一个保证。文章提出了一种光突发交换网络路由技术的新方案,将免疫遗传算法这种仿生物体的智能算法,应用到光突发交换网络路由算法中,保证群体多样性,控制收敛方向。仿真结果表明,该方案可以降低OBS网络中的数据丢失率。     

光突发交换中路由技术的研究

光突发交换网络中路由的实现是网络生存性和健壮性的一个保证。文章提出了一种光突发交换网络路由技术的新方案,将免疫遗传算法这种仿生物体的智能算法,应用到光突发交换网络路由算法中,保证群体多样性,控制收敛方向。仿真结果表明,该方案可以降低OBS网络中的数据丢失率。     

Topology-aware wavelength partitioning for DWDM OBS networks: A novel approach for absolute QoS provisioning

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is a promising switching technology for the next generation all-optical networks. An OBS network without wavelength converters and fiber delay lines can be implemented simply and cost-effectively using the existing technology. However, this kind of networks suffers from a relatively high burst loss probability at the OBS core nodes. To overcome this issue and consolidate OBS networks with QoS provisioning capabilities, we propose a wavelength partitioning approach, called Optimization-based Topology-aware Wavelength Partitioning approach (OTWP). OTWP formulates the wavelength partitioning problem, based on the topology of the network, as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model and uses a tabu search algorithm (TS) to resolve large instances efficiently. We use OTWP to develop an absolute QoS differentiation scheme, called Absolute Fair Quality of service Differentiation scheme (AFQD). AFQD is the first absolute QoS provisioning scheme that guarantees loss-free transmission for high priority traffic, inside the OBS network, regardless of its topology. Also, we use OTWP to develop a wavelength assignment scheme, called Best Effort Traffic Wavelength Assignment scheme (BETWA). BETWA aims to reduce loss probability for best effort traffic. To make AFQD adaptive to non-uniform traffic, we develop a wavelength borrowing protocol, called Wavelength Borrowing Protocol (WBP). Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed tabu search algorithm to resolve large instances of the partitioning problem. Also, simulation results, using ns-2, show that: (a) AFQD provides an excellent quality of service differentiation; (b) BETWA substantially decreases the loss probability of best effort traffic to a remarkably low level for the OBS network under study; and (c) WBP makes AFQD adaptive to non-uniform traffic by reducing efficiently blocking probability for high priority traffic.     

APOSN: Operation,modeling and performance evaluation

This paper addresses various issues in an all-photonic network called APOSN (All-Photonic Overlaid-Star Network). By revisiting the fundamental star topology, a scalable architecture is proposed to cover widely separated nodes and to take advantage of the currently available optical technologies. An equivalent connection pattern is presented to facilitate the modeling of switching and routing operations. The proposed overlaid-star topology can support different switching techniques and reduce the complexity as well as the cost of switching and routing. We demonstrate the feasibility of such switching operations by evaluating different link resources, traffic patterns, delay constraints and other typical factors. We show that this topology is a good choice to capture both Time-Division-Multiplexing (TDM) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS) operations. Therefore, the APOSN can provide a feasible and efficient solution for high-speed networks of near future by making use of the currently available optical technologies.     

TCP over OBS的性能分析及改进

在光突发网络中，边缘路由器的FAP封装策略有减缓TCP流发送速率的趋势，这使得TCP流“相关受益”减小，导致其吞吐率也随之下降。对于这一问题，可以通过一种增大ACK封装时间的汇聚方案来解决。通过仿真验证，该方案的确大幅提高了TCP流的吞吐率。     

Provision of differentiated performance in Optical Burst Switching networks based on burst assembly processes

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) has been designed as a practical solution for the high-speed transport network using enabling optical technologies, which can work without optical buffering or pure optical signal processing in the intermediate nodes. As a collection of many packets, optical bursts exhibit different traffic characteristics in the bufferless optical core networks compared to the packet-level traffic in the conventional electronic switching systems. However, many OBS studies often neglect this issue by assuming the inputs to be optical bursts when analyzing the system performance. This paper demonstrates that the loss performance of optical bursts is dramatically different when considering burst assembly process at the edge nodes and the connectivity of the core nodes. We develop some analytical models which can model the loss performance more accurately than the traditional methods. Based on our observations, we propose a scheme to support differentiated loss performances for optical bursts by modifying the burst assembly parameters at the source edge nodes. Our scheme is implemented at the edge nodes and there is no specific requirement to the core nodes. Thus, our design provides good flexibility and scalability in the heterogeneous Internet.     

Novel reinforcement learning-based approaches to reduce loss probability in buffer-less OBS networks

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is a promising switching paradigm for the next generation Internet. A buffer-less OBS network can be implemented simply and cost-effectively without the need for either wavelength converters or optical buffers which are, currently, neither cost-effective nor technologically mature. However, this type of OBS networks suffers from relatively high loss probability caused by wavelength contentions at core nodes. This could prevent or, at least, delay the adoption of OBS networks as a solution for the next generation optical Internet. To enhance the performance of buffer-less OBS networks, we propose three approaches: (a) a reactive approach, called Reinforcement Learning-Based Deflection Routing Scheme (RLDRS) that aims to resolve wavelength contentions, after they occur, using deflection routing; (b) a proactive multi-path approach, called Reinforcement Learning-Based Alternative Routing (RLAR), that aims to reduce wavelength contentions; and (c) an approach, called Integrated Reinforcement Learning-based Routing and Contention Resolution (IRLRCR), that combines RLAR and RLDRS to conjointly deal with wavelength contentions proactively and reactively. Simulation results show that both RLAR and RLDRS reduce, effectively, loss probability in buffer-less OBS networks and outperform the existing multi-path and deflection routing approaches, respectively. Moreover, simulation results show that a substantial performance improvement, in terms of loss probability, is obtained using IRLRCR.     

构建网络的新方法：基于环路的混合交换光网络*

为了能够更好地支持突发性数据业务,提出了一种新型网络交换结构——基于环路的混合交换光网络（cyclebased hybrid switching optical networks,CHSON）。该网络结合了光电路交换（OCS）和光突发交换（OBS）两种交换技术,不仅可以有效地降低网络节点的分组转发压力,而且能够较好地承载突发性数据业务。首先介绍了CHSON的网络结构和虚拓扑设计,然后阐述了节点设计及其执行流程。仿真表明,CHSON具有比OCS网络更低的丢包率,而且在丢包率和平均分组延时方面,CHSON较