α-Al2O3:C的光释光和LiF(Mg,Cu,P)的热释光比较研究

LiF(Mg,Cu,P)热释光探测器是最理想的热释光探测器.光释光(OSL)是新世纪发光剂量学的前沿,是辐射监测的一个新的发展方向.α-Al2O3:C是目前研究最深入的材料,也是目前唯一商用的光释光剂量材料.论文就光释光和热释光的基本原理、α-Al2O3:C和LiF(Mg,Cu,P)的发光灵敏度、动态范围、剂量响应、探...     

Al2O3:C、LiF:Mg,Ti、LiF:Mg,Cu,P对本底辐射的热释光响应比较

用Al2O3:C、LiF:Mg,Ti、LiF:Mg,Cu,P热释光剂量计(TLD)测量湛江市区本底辐射的热释光响应,以选取适合低辐射场辐射剂量测量的TLD。它们的最低响应剂量依次为Al2O3:C(1–2μGy)、LiF:Mg,Cu,P(约2μGy)和LiF:Mg,Ti(>10μGy)。Al2O3:C的热释光峰温较低,对较长时间段(>30 d)的累积剂量,存在较明显的热释光衰退,剂量响应曲线偏离线性;LiF:Mg,Cu,P和LiF:Mg,Ti的发光峰温较高,数年内都很稳定。综合考虑灵敏度和稳定性,LiF:Mg,Cu,P更宜于低辐射场的累积剂量测量。     

外照射个人剂量监测探测器的研究进展

介绍了我国目前最广泛应用的LiF:Mg,Cu,P的研究新进展和优越性能及不足;介绍了新材料LiF:Mg,Cu,Si热释光片状探测器的最新研究进展;介绍了最新发展起来的α-Al2O3:C的光释光的优缺点及进展。     

荧光玻璃、热释光和光释光探测器性能比较

介绍了荧光玻璃探测器、热释光探测器和光释光探测器基本原理和近期发展,并总结了荧光玻璃、热释光探测器、光释光探测器的优缺点.荧光玻璃最大优点是长期稳定性好和可多次读取.热释光和光释光探测器具有灵敏度高、低探测阈、较好的稳定性和能量响应、环境适应性强等优点.但与LiF:Mg,Cu,P相比,α- Al2O3:C光释光探测器对...     

LiF(Mg,Cu,P)热释光探测器测量、退火方式的确定

实验研究了BR－1000A型LiF(Mg,Cu,P)热释光探测器的测量和退火方式对剂量测量的影响。结果表明，当测量和退火方式分别在热释光探测器两个不同表面下进行时，其分散性将比测量和退火在同一表面下进行时增大，使测量精度下降，所以在高精度要求的测量下，应使测量和退火面保持一致，热释光探测器受灰尘或手触摸等污染后，对其读出值和测量精度有一定影响，其影响大小和污染程度有关。     

MgSO_4:Dy,P和MgSO_4:Dy,P,Cu的热释光剂量学特性

MgSO4 :Dy中掺入适量的P ,热释光发光曲线中两个高温峰显著增强 ,主剂量峰的峰温接近2 83.6℃ ,另一个发光峰的峰温在 35 2 .7℃ ,其热释光效率超过LiF:Mg ,Ti的两倍。MgSO4 :Dy ,P的单个发光峰峰面积对60 Coγ辐射剂量 (0 .1Gy— 2 0kGy)的实验响应曲线用复合作用响应函数拟合 ,得到的非线性特征参数表明 ,两个发光峰的γ辐射剂量响应均为超线性。在MgSO4 :Dy ,P中再掺入微量Cu ,首先抑制峰温在 35 2 .7℃的发光峰 ,随着Cu浓度的增加 ,2 83.6℃的主剂量峰会随之降低 ,此峰的γ辐射剂量响应的超线性随之减小。MgSO4 :Dy ,P ,Cu (0 .1mol% ,0 .5mol% ,0 .0 1mol% )磷光体对γ辐射的剂量响应 (0 .1Gy— 2 0kGy)为亚线性。最引人注目的是MgSO4 :Dy ,P ,Cu(0 .1mol% ,0 .5mol% ,0 .0 0 4mol% )磷光体 ,它具有与MgSO4 :Dy ,P(0 .1mol% ,0 .5mol% )相近的热释光灵敏度 ,并具有最宽的剂量响应线性范围。这种新热释光材料可用于高剂量辐射测量。本文进一步阐明和验证了《复合作用模型》 ,并揭示了热释光材料中杂质和缺陷结构与剂量学特性的相关性。结合热释光三维发光光谱的分析对热释光机制提出一些见解     

热释光测量中的数据分散性

分析了热释光测量方法产生数据分散性的主要原因.选用一致性较好的GR200A型LiF(Mg,Cu,P)热释光探测器元件,在RGD3型热释光仪和BG2006释光仪上获取了测试数据并进行比较.针对因热传导差异产生的测量数据的分散性问题,提出了减小数据分散性的措施和建议.     

LiF(Mg,Cu,P)TLD重复使用程序的简化

近年来,因LiF(Mg,Cu,P)TLD具有CaSO_4(Dy)的高灵敏度和LiF(Mg,Ti)的能响好的双重优点,引起国内外越来越大的关注和兴趣,应用范围日益扩大。在环境和个人剂量测量时,人们总是希望既保证有足够小的重复使用误差,又能简化重复使用程序。 LiF(Mg,Ti)在重复使用中如不经400℃一小时的高温退火和80℃,24h(或100℃,2h)的低温退火,其灵敏度和发光曲线将会发生显著的变化。LiF(Mg,Cu,P)即使在较大剂量下重复使用,也只需240℃,10min的常规退火,其主要作用是消除前次测量的残余剂量读数。由于这种探测器的测量读出温度和常规退火温度恰好相等,并具有与LiF(Mg,Ti)     

热释光LiF(Mg,Cu,P)探测器对宇宙射线的响应

在北京市密云水库水面对国内环境累积剂量测量中使用较多的GR-200A型、CTLDM000型和TLD2000型热释光LiF(Mg,Cu,P)探测器对宇宙射线的响应进行了实验测量,得出了三种热释光探测器相对于高压电离室的宇宙射线响应因子分别为0.845和0.877和0.839.     

提高LiF:Mg,Cu,P热释光探测器热稳定性和降低残余信号的研究

通过改变杂质Mg和Cu的浓度的方法,制备了一种新的LiF：Mg,Cu,P探测器,在不退火重复使用中灵敏度稳定的前提下,降低了残余信号。在250～270℃范围内,退火10min时,发光曲线形状没有发生明显的变化,且灵敏度保持稳定。灵敏度约为GR-200A的一半,TLD-100的30多倍,退火温度和读出温度可以提高到260℃,重复使用灵敏度保持稳定;残余信号小于0．2％,约为GR-200A的1／5。保持了GR-200A的主要优点,且具有较低的残余信号和较好的热稳定性。     

Stopping powers of Be,Al, Ti,V, Fe,Co, Ni,Cu, Zn,Mo, Rh,Ag, Sn,Ta, Pt and Au For 6.5 MeV protons

The stopping powers of Be, Al, Ti, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Rh, Ag, Sn, Ta, Pt and Au for 6.5 MeV have been measured using a surface barrier silicon detector. The accuracy of the results is ± 0.3%. The detail of the experimental procedures is described. The results have been compared with the Risø data and the Aarhus data of Andersen et al. The present results for Al, Cu and Ag agree very well with the Aarhus results at 6.5 MeV. The mean excitation energy has been extracted from the present results using the Bonderup shell correction, the Barkas correction and the Bloch correction. The parameters x and b which appear in the Bonderup shell correction and the Barkas correction have been newly determined as x = 1.358 and b = 1.3. The present mean excitation energy agrees very well with the I values obtained by other authors. It has been confirmed that the Bonderup shell correction is quantitatively correct for 6.5 MeV protons.     

Wavelengths,transition probabilities,and oscillator strengths for M-shell transitions in Co-, Ni-, Cu-, Zn-, Ga-, Ge-, and Se-like Au ions

Wavelengths, transition probabilities, and oscillator strengths have been calculated for M-shell electric dipole transitions in Co-, Ni-, Cu-, Zn-, Ga-, Ge-, and Se-like Au ions. The fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock method, taking quantum electrodynamical effects and the Breit correction into account, was used in the calculations. Calculated energy levels of M-shell excited states for Cu-, Zn-, Ga-, Ge-, and Se-like Au ions from the method were compared with available theoretical and experimental results, and good agreement with them was achieved.     

Discovery of dysprosium,holmium, erbium,thulium, and ytterbium isotopes

Currently, thirty-one dysprosium, thirty-two holmium, thirty-two erbium, thirty-three thulium, and thirty-one ytterbium isotopes have been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is described here. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.     

Measurements of the total effective cross sections for resonance neutrons in Pd,Os, Ir,Mo, In,I, Ta,Th, U238

The results of calculations of the level constants in the elements Pd, Os, Ir, Mo, I, In, Ta, Th, U²³⁸ are presented; the cross sections for these elements have been published earlier. New measurements for the cross sections in Ir, Th, U²³⁸ are cited. The measurements were made with a mechanical-chopper spectrometer with a resolution of 0.08 sec/m in the energy region from 4.5 to 10,000 ev. The integrated and differential curves for the distribution of neutron widths in these elements are plotted.Presented at the International Conference on Nuclear Reactions in Amsterdam (June 1956).The authors take this opportunity to express their gratitude to U. Chi-Kwa and Suan Chi-Ling for their assistance in the mathematical analysis of the experimental results, G. M. Kukavadze for the mass-spectro-graphic analyses of the samples, V. N. Bovinoi and M. P. Anikinoi for providing the chemical analyses and A. I. Ermakov, N. S. Rezvyakov, G. V. Rukolaine and K. A. Trostinoi for help in building the analyzer and in carrying out the measurements.