A film repassivation kinetic model for potential-controlled slower electrode straining

Potential-controlled slower electrode straining method was used to study film rupture and repassivation (FRR) kinetics. A model was developed to extract the kinetic parameters by correlating the anodic current transients measured vs. test time. Through comparison against experimental data, the model yields film repassivation kinetic values in reasonable agreement with the experimentally generated data and with those reported in the literature.     

电火花加工电极材料的选择

介绍电火花加工中电极材料受到各种干扰因素的影响,干扰因素直接或间接造成了电极材料损耗,研究发现,电极材料损耗越小,加工件的精度越高,通过试验将5种电极材料在电火花加工过程中的损耗进行对比研究,确定了W-Cu合金作为电火花加工用电极材料损耗最小,加工件加工精度最高。     

一种新型锻造物理模拟材料

介绍了一种调配不同辅助添加剂比例制备石蜡基物理模拟材料的方法。首先,在室温下采用压缩试验法,得到满足等温静态塑性加工相似准则的应力-应变条件;随后,在此条件下得到不同添加剂比例石蜡基模拟材料的应力-应变曲线,并分析各曲线与金属锻造变形的关系;最后,通过改变石蜡基模拟材料的润滑条件,使其与被模拟金属材料的摩擦边界条件相似,获得了一种新型的锻造物理模拟材料。     

6063铝型材表面转化膜的制备

以K₂ZrF₆钝化液为成膜剂在建筑用6063合金表面制备了无Cr化学转化膜,通过钝化液浓度和钝化液温度的优化得到了膜层均匀和耐腐蚀性能良好的转化膜制备工艺,并研究了此工艺转化膜的组织与结构。结果表明,当K₂ZrF₆钝化液浓度为0.382 mol·L^-1、钝化液PH值为4.5、钝化液温度为25 ℃和钝化时间为15 min时可以在6063合金表面形成耐腐蚀性能良好的均匀膜层;转化膜层中主要含有Al、Al₂O₃、AlF₃、KZrF₃O·2H₂O和KZrF₃(OH)₂·H₂O相。     

A novel phosphate conversion film on Mg-8.8Li alloy

The super light Mg-Li alloys exhibit excellent formability due to the addition of lithium, but the corrosion resistance is deteriorated. A novel conversion film is developed to improve the corrosion resistance. The surface morphology of conversion film was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion behaviors of Mg-8.8Li alloy and conversion film were investigated with electrochemical and immersion tests. The experimental results indicated that the Mg-8.8Li alloys with and without the protection of conversion film can both be used in NaOH solution safely. But the Mg-8.8Li substrate was susceptible to corrode in NaCl and Na₂SO₄ solutions, and the conversion film can prevent them from corroding. Compared with the NaCl solution, the Na₂SO₄ solution was a strong corrosive medium to the conversion film.     

A new corrosion-resistant multilayer material

A new corrosion-resistant multilayer metallic material, in which the composition of the layers is selected depending on the properties and composition of the medium and the ratio of electrochemical potentials, has been proposed. The preparation method for multifunctional multilayer metallic materials designed for protection against pitting corrosion is based on the principle of galvanic protection (the protector can be both a cathode and an anode). Tests of the samples in solutions of sodium chloride, potassium chlorate, and potassium dichromate have proven their high corrosion resistance.     

不同电极电火花加工硬质合金的效率研究

通过实验的方式对采用不同电极电火花加工技术加工硬质合金的效率进行了研究。通过调整加工过程中的脉冲宽度和开路电压，变换加工电极，探讨了不同电极材料、开路电压及脉宽加工硬质合金的加工效率的影响.     

Polyaniline as an electrode material for magnesium reserve battery

The results of the investigation on the use of polyaniline (PANI) as a cathode material in a battery configuration, having magnesium as anode and a neutral aqueous solution of one of the magnesium salts such as perchlorate, chloride and bromide as an electrolyte, are presented. This system shows a open circuit voltage in the range 1.6-1.8 V. The study indicates that the capacity of the system largely depends upon the anion present in the electrolyte.     

Preparation of mulberry-like RuO2 electrode material for supercapacitors

As a newly emerging excellent energy storage device,supercapacitors have been widely studied due to their unique advantages.Electrode material is one of the key...     

一种新型的U形梁物料管理生产线

为实现U型梁高效连续自动化生产,研发设计了一种新型U型梁物料管理生产线,该生产线运料机构多元化,既可直接给加工设备配料、送料,也可并行给各存储区配料、存储,还可由存储区向加工设备配料、送料;可实现在线、并行、全自动化运行。该生产线占地空间小,并行运行,效率高;自动化连线运行,降低了劳动成本,提高了生产效率。     

Activating AIN thin film by introducing Co nanoparticles as a new anode material for thin-film lithium batteries

AIN/Co nanocomposite thin films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and investigated as new anode materials for lithium-ion batteries for the first time.The combination of electrochemically inactive AlN and Co in nanometer scale boosted the electrochemical performance of the thin films surprisingly.A high reversible capacity of 555 mAh·g~(-1) after 100 discharge-charge cycles at a current density of 500 mA·g~(-1) is obtained for the AIN/Co nanocomposite thin films,and 372 mAh·g~(-1)can be retained at a high rate up to 16 C,exhibiting promising cycle stability and rate capability.The electrochemical reaction mechanism study reveals that Co nanoparticles could not only provide high electronic conductivity for the thin films,which facilitate the thorough decomposition of AIN in the initial discharge process,but also react with Li_3 N to form a new species Co_2 N during charge process,thus ensuring large capacity and high reversibility of AIN/Co nanocomposite thin films in subsequent cycles.This study provides a new perspective to design advanced electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.     

Nanostructured manganese oxide thin films as electrode material for supercapacitors

Electrochemical capacitors, also called supercapacitors, are alternative energy storage devices, particularly for applications requiring high power densities. Recently, manganese oxides have been extensively evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their low cost, environmental benignity, and promising supercapacitive performance. In order to maximize the utilization of manganese oxides as the electrode material for the supercapacitors and improve their supercapacitive performance, the nanostructured manganese oxides have therefore been developed. This paper reviews the synthesis of the nanostructured manganese oxide thin films by different methods and the supercapacitive performance of different nanostructures.     

电沉积法制备Sn-Co-C锂离子电池负极材料

分别采用柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)作为络合剂在CoCl2、SnCl4溶液中用电沉积方法制备Sn-Co合金电极,然后在相同条件下在镀液中加入硬碳制备Sn-Co-C复合电极.充放电测试结果显示,EDTA作为络合剂时镀层循环性能明显好于柠檬酸,且比容量也较高.Sn-Co合金电极循环30次比容量保持率达91.6%,加入硬碳的Sn-Co-C复合电极比容量及循环性能较之Sn-Co合金电极都有了较大提高.电子探针结果表明,EDTA作为络合剂的Sn-Co-C镀层中Sn、Co、C原子分数分别为61.8401%,22.3788%,12.5409%.SEM观察Sn-Co-C镀层表面为稳定的球状结构.     

Fractal material science: A new direction in materials science

To optimize the structure and properties of alloys, it is necessary to take into account the effect of the self-organization of a dissipative structure with fractal properties at load. This requires the development of self-organizing technologies for material production. Fractal material science takes into account the relation between the parameters of fractal structures and the dissipative properties of alloys. It also takes into account the base properties of highly nonequilibrium systems and the self-organizing process of the fractal structure in bifurcation points. V.S. Ivanova earned her Dr. Tech.Sc. in technical sciences, materials science, at Moscow Power Institute in 1948. She is currently chief expert at A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy. I.J. Bunin earned his Dr. Tech. Sc. in technical science, materials science, at Moscow Engineer-Physical Institute in 1987. He is currently chief research worker at A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy. V.I. Nosenko earned his Dr. Tech. Sc. in technical sciences, mathematical theory of elasticity, at Metallurgical University in 1968. He is currently president of Vita International Corporation. Dr. Nosenko is also a member of TMS.     

A resistometric study of the passive film on an evaporated iron electrode

Cathodic reduction mechanisms of the passive film formed on an evaporated iron electrode in a neutral solution were studied by chronopotentiometry, colorimetric analysis and measurement of the electrical conductance of the film electrode (resistometry). By galvanostatic cathodic reduction, the outer γ-Fe₂O₃ layer was reduced to ferrous ion and dissolved with nearly 100% current efficiency without showing any change in the conductance of the film. The inner magnetite layer was partly reduced to metallic iron and the residual part was dissolved as ferrous ion. The latter reaction was predominant in low pH. From the increase in conductance in the initial part of cathodic reduction, it was concluded that adsorbed oxygen fortified the passivity by lowering the conductance of the passive film.     

Chemical synthesis of cobalt oxide thin film electrode for supercapacitor application

Cobalt oxide thin film electrode was grown on copper substrate from an aqueous alkaline bath containing cobalt chloride as a cobalt source by adopting simple and inexpensive chemical deposition method and characterized for structural and morphological studies. The supercapacitive properties of cobalt oxide electrode were studied in aqueous KOH electrolyte solution. The effect of electrolyte concentration on specific capacitance and the stability of cobalt oxide electrode were studied. The highest specific capacitance achieved with cobalt oxide films was 118 F g^?1. The specific energy (E), specific power (P) and coulomb efficiency (η%) were 5.8 Wh kg^?1, 0.33 kW kg^?1 and 93.44%, respectively.     

模板-电沉积法制备锡钴碳锂离子电池负极材料

以柠檬酸、EDTA为络合剂,CoCl2、SnCl4为主盐的基础电解液,首先在基础电解液中加入硬碳制备Sn-Co-C复合电极材料.SEM观察表明获得的Sn-Co-C复合电极表面为镶嵌C小颗粒的菜花状结构,C物理夹杂在Sn-Co合金中,硬碳的引入使得电极材料的循环性能得到提高,首次充放电比容量分别为563.8和763.2 mA·h/g,而经过50次循环后充放电比容量分别为400.3和416.2 mA·h/g.然后,在基础电解液中加入甲酸,在聚苯乙烯微球(PS)为模板的辅助下制备孔状结构Sn-Co-C复合材料.获得的材料中Sn、Co、C的原子比分别为36.87%,2.82%,20.61%.充放电测试结果表明,孔状结构的Sn-Co-C电极表现出更好的循环性能,首次充放电比容量分别为821.1和946.6 mA·h/g,循环第50次后充放电比容量为401和457.6 mA·h/g,循环第60次后充放电比容量为349.7和401.5 mA·h/g,放电比容量达到400 mA·h/g以上.     

太阳能电池硅转换材料现状及发展趋势

目前太阳能电池工业转换材料绝大多数都采用硅，而硅材料主要来自于半导体工业的废料。作为硅集成电路和器件用的多晶硅原料的生产普遍采用西门子法。随着光伏产业的迅速发展，来自半导体级硅的废料预计不会明显增加。因此，将不能满足太阳能电池用硅的需求，硅原料已经成为光伏产业发展的最主要的瓶颈之一。为了满足太阳能电池工业健康发展。研究开发一个不依赖于半导体硅生产的低成本太阳能级硅供应体系是非常必要的。     

A new soft magnetic material for ac and dc motor applications

A new soft magnetic material has been developed for ac and dc motor applications. The motor components are made by a powder metallurgical process, in contrast to the traditional method of stacking punched laminations. This new material offers many manufacturing advantages. Also, because of its low eddy current loss, it has good high-frequency magnetic properties, 90 W/kg core loss when measured at 400 Hz and at an induction of 1.5 T. Components manufactured from this new magnetic material have demonstrated comparable performance at 60 Hz and superior performance for frequencies >60 Hz when compared to cold-rolled motor lamination steels. The new pressed material also has outstanding dc properties when sintered.