石墨形态和铬含量对铸铁干摩擦学性能的影响

使用ＭＭ—２００磨损试验机研究了石墨形态和铬含量对铸铁与石棉基摩擦材料配副时的干摩擦学性能。结果表明,蠕墨铸铁的磨损率最低;摩擦系数由高到低依次为：片墨铸铁、蠕墨铸铁、球墨铸铁。蠕墨铸铁中,随着铬含量的增加,耐磨性能明显提高,摩擦系数略有降低。在高速、高载荷条件下,铬含量的质量分数达到１．５％时,耐磨性可达普通蠕墨铸铁的４倍以上;随着载荷的增加,蠕墨铸铁的摩擦系数降低,磨损率提高。在高速条件下,摩擦系数降低的幅度比在低速条件下小。铬改善蠕墨铸铁干摩擦学性能的效果在高速使用条件下更为突出。     

稀土对Ni-Cr-Cu合金铸铁组织及耐碱腐蚀性能的影响

设计了不同含量的稀土镍-铬-铜合金铸铁,采用光学显微镜观察组织,用失重法测定合金铸铁在动态、高温、高浓度碱液中的腐蚀速率。结果表明,添加稀土可以改善合金铸铁中石墨的形态及分布,使之由长条形逐渐球化;并且随着稀土含量的增加,石墨数量增加,合金铸铁的耐蚀性增强。但稀土过量会使得合金铸铁的耐蚀性减弱。     

稀土镁铜多元复合蠕化剂的研制

作者在研究了微量元素镁、铜、铝、钙及硫对稀土蠕铁中稀土残留量范围的影响及对蠕铁白口倾向影响的基础上，设计了稀土镁银多元复合蠕化剂。该合金适用于在冲天炉铁水条件下生产薄壁及一般壁厚的蠕铁铸件，具有处理时铁水适度沸腾，反应动力学条件好，脱硫能力强，蠕铁白口倾向小，处理简便，蠕化效果稳定，蠕化剂残量范围宽等特点。     

用稀土基涂料实现灰铁件表面层石墨球化工艺的研究

在铸型表面涂刷含有１＃稀土硅铁和７５硅铁的合金涂料，浇注普通灰铸铁成分的铁水，得到了表面层为球状的石墨，过渡层为蠕虫状石墨，本体为片状石墨的复合铸铁材料。表面层石墨球化的厚度可达到２．５ｍｍ以上。     

Thermal fracture endurance of cast irons with application study of pig iron ingot molds

Pig iron ingot molds manufactured with flake, compacted graphite cast iron, and spheroidal graphite cast iron were installed on a pig iron casting machine and subjected to thermal cycling for studying thermal fracture endurance of the three cast irons. The effects of graphite morphology on the fracture mechanism were analyzed by examining the fracture patterns, microstructures, and microcracks in the failed molds. The determining factors of thermal fracture endurance were elucidated with thermal fracture resistance indices. Compacted graphite cast iron exhibited better thermal fracture endurance than flake and spheroidal graphite cast irons because of its higher strength-to-thermal stress ratio.     

Effect of RE Modification and Heat Treatment on Impact Fatigue Property of a Wear Resistant White Cast Iron

Withhigherhardnessandbetterwearresistance ,whitecastironscanbeusedaswearresistantpartsinmanyfields .Inpractice ,thewearresistantpartsareoftenrequiredtobesubjectedtogrindingofabrasivesandrepeatedimpactaction .Therefore ,fatiguecracksareliabletobegeneratedo…     

球化剂稀土含量对大断面球铁石墨组织及低温冲击韧性的影响

选用3种具有不同Ce含量的球化剂FeSiMg6RE2、FeSiMg8RE3和FeSiMg8RE5对铁液进行盖包法处理,球化处理后浇注成180mm×180mm×200mm的球铁试块。通过室温拉伸、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和低温冲击试验机等分析手段,研究了稀土元素Ce对大断面低温球铁的石墨组织、力学性能和低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明:用稀土含量低的球化剂FeSiMg6RE2进行处理,试样的石墨组织细小均匀,石墨形态好,低温冲击韧性高,冲击功平均值约为14.5J;用稀土含量高的球化剂FeSiMg8RE3和FeSiMg8RE5分别进行处理,试样中出现了大面积碎块状石墨等变异组织,低温冲击韧性差,冲击功平均值分别约为6.5和5.1J。能谱分析结果表明:高稀土含量球化剂处理的球铁试样,石墨组织晶界上发生了稀土元素Ce的富集,其质量分数分别约为0.36%和0.42%,这是造成铸件中碎块状石墨等变异组织产生的根本原因,严重恶化了铸件的力学性能。     

Visualization of the hydrogen desorption process from ferrite,pearlite, and graphite by secondary ion mass spectrometry

The distribution and desorption processes of hydrogen and deuterium have been visualized by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The present article deals with four principal points: (1) visualizing the hydrogen distribution, (2) visualizing the hydrogen desorption process from each metallurgical microstructure under various holding times at 25 °C, (3) visualizing the hydrogen desorption process during heating, and (4) determining the correspondence between desorption profiles and desorption sites. A spheroidal graphite cast iron specimen was prepared for visualizing hydrogen, since it consists of basic microstructures of steels such as ferrite and pearlite. Hydrogen and deuterium were occluded into the cast iron. The amount of hydrogen and the existing states of hydrogen in the cast iron were analyzed by thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS). The TDS analyses show that the hydrogen desorption has two peaks, namely, the low- and high-temperature peaks corresponding to trap activation energies of 21.6 and 105.8 kJ/mol, respectively. The SIMS analyses of the specimen cooled after heating to 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C reveal that the hydrogen desorbs from the ferrite after heating to 100 °C, from the pearlite and the interfaces between the ferrite and the graphite after heating to 200 °C, and from the pearlite after heating to 300 °C. The graphite remains, trapping hydrogen after heating to 300 °C. On the basis of TDS and SIMS results, the relationship between the desorption profile and desorption sites was identified; that is, the low-temperature peak corresponds to ferrite, pearlite, and graphite/ferrite interfaces, while the high-temperature peak corresponds to graphite.     

孕育剂对硼铸铁耐腐蚀性的影响

本文利用含硼生铁作加硼剂,采用７５硅铁,１＃稀土合金,稀土硅钡等孕育剂研究了孕育后硼铸铁（含硼量为０．０６％）的组织和耐腐蚀性能。对硼铸铁进行孕育,其组织发生了明显的变化。随孕育剂加入量的增加,石墨形态发生了明显的变化,珠光体增加,碳化物减少。孕育硼铸铁在酸性介质中,耐蚀性明显好于未孕育硼铸铁,１＃稀土合金孕育剂孕育的硼铸铁的耐蚀性最好。     

石墨形态对含铸铁干摩擦磨损行为的影响

本文利用自制的干摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究了不同石墨形态含磷铸铁在不同接触压力及不同摩擦速度条件下的干摩擦磨损行为。试验结果证明,合磷蠕墨铸铁具有最佳的耐磨性及最高的摩擦系数。随着接触压力的提高,含磷铸铁的磨损量呈直线增加,而随着摩擦速度的提高,含磷铸铁的磨损量首先增加,而后则大幅度下降。随着接触压力和摩擦速度的提高,含磷铸铁的摩擦系数首先大幅度降低,而后趋于一相对稳定值。随着石墨长宽比的增加,摩擦系数趋于相对稳定值的接触压力和摩擦速度呈直线增加。     

Fracture Characteristics of Austempered Spheroidal Graphite Aluminum Cast Irons

The fracture characteristics of austempered spheroidal graphite aluminum cast iron had been investigated. The chemical content of the alloy was C 3.2, Al 2.2, Ni 0.8 and Mg 0.05 (in mass percent, %). Impact test samples were produced from keel blocks cast in CO2 molding process. The oversized impact samples were austenitized at 850 and 950 ℃ for 2 h followed by austempering at 300 and 400 ℃ for 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. The austempered samples were machined and tested at room temperature. The impact strength values for those samples austempered at 400 ℃ varied between 90 and 110 J. Lower bainitic structures showed impact strength values of 22 to 50 J. The fractures of the samples were examined using SEM. The results showed that the upper bainitic fracture revealed a honey Comb-like topography, which confirmed the ductile fracture behavior. The lower bainitic fractures of those samples austempered for short times revealed brittle fracture.     

稀土对余热淬火低合金耐磨蠕铁组织和性能的影响

研究了稀土对余热淬火低合金耐磨蠕铁中石墨形态及碳化物尺寸的影响。试验表明，稀土能使低合金铸铁组织中的板条状碳化物细化，其原因主要和细小均匀分布在基体中的蠕墨对碳化物长大起阻碍作用有关。生产实践表明，这种稀土变质低合金铸铁在余热淬火处理条件下能获得较好的韧性及耐磨性。     

稀土对球墨铸铁中共存As、Sn、Pb、Ti的中和作用

全部采用龙岩生铁，制取球墨铸铁。球化剂为镁硅铁合金，同时分别添加０．００％、０．０１％、０．０２％、０．０３％、０．０４％、０．０５％、０．０７％稀土硅铁合金进行球化处理。结果表明，稀土不能完全消除与中和高含量微量元素共存对石墨球化的干扰作用。但适量稀土可部分中和微量元素、促进形核、改善球状石墨的表面形貌。削弱微量元素的有害作用。     

含钒蠕墨铸铁干摩擦学性能

研究了含钒蠕墨铸铁与钢盘对磨时的干摩擦学性能。结果表明，钒的加入降低了蠕墨铣的的磨损量，提高了接触压力和摩擦速度变化时磨损量的稳定性。含钒０．１％和０．３％时，提高了摩擦系数和高接触压力，高摩擦速度下降摩擦系数稳定性。     

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Carbide Morphology and Phase Transformation Dynamics of High Ni-Cr Alloy Cast Iron

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Effect of residual magnesium content on thermal fatigue cracking behavior of high-silicon spheroidal graphite cast iron

This study investigates the thermal fatigue cracking behavior of high-silicon spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron. Irons with different residual magnesium contents ranging from 0.038 to 0.066 wt pct are obtained by controlling the amount of spheroidizer. The repeated heating/cooling test is performed under cyclic heating in various temperatures ranging from 650 °C to 800 °C. Experimental results indicate that the thermal fatigue cracking resistance of high-silicon SG cast iron decreases with increasing residual magnesium content. The shortest period for crack initiation and the largest crack propagation rate of the specimens containing 0.054 and 0.060 wt pct residual magnesium contents are associated with heating temperatures of 700 °C and 750 °C. Heating temperatures outside this range can enhance the resistance to thermal fatigue crack initiation and propagation. When thermal fatigue cracking occurs, the cracks always initiate at the surface of the specimen. The major path of crack propagation is generally along the eutectic cell-wall region among the ferrite grain boundaries, which is the location of MgO inclusions agglomerating together. On the other hand, dynamic recrystallization of ferrite grains occurs when the thermal cycle exceeds a certain number after testing at 800 °C. Besides, dynamic recrystallization of the ferrite matrix suppresses the initiation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracking.     

奥氏体-贝氏体球墨铸铁断裂的微观过程及强韧化机理

用扫描电子显微镜及微拉伸台对奥氏体－贝氏体球墨铸铁裂纹萌生，扩展的微观过程进行了跟踪观察。结果发现：受拉时微裂纹首先在石墨－基体界面上萌生，并沿界面扩展，基体中的裂纹多数是沿贝氏体铁素体－奥氏体界面扩展，不同取向的基体组织可使裂纹偏转或分叉，主裂纹扩展过程中前方始终存在石墨－基体界面的开裂。此外，还根据实验结果进一步分析了奥氏体－贝氏体球墨铸铁的强韧化机理。     

Research on Thermal Wear of Cast Hot Forging Die Steel Modified by Rare Earths

Thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steel modified by rare earths（RE） was studied and compared with commercially used die steels. The function of RE and the mechanism of thermal wear of cast steel modified by RE were discussed. The results showed that with increasing content of RE, the wear rate of cast steel reduced at first and then increased. By adding 0.05% （mass fraction） RE, the cast hot-forging die steel with optimum thermal wear resistance was obtained, which was better than that of H13 and 3Cr2WSV. The large amount of coarse inclusions, （RE）2O2S, resulted from excessive RE, which obviously deteriorated thermal wear resistance. The mechanism of thermal wear of the modified cast die steel is oxidation wear and oxide fatigue delamination. The wear debris are lumps of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.     

Investigation on grinding wear behaviour of austempered ductile iron as media material during comminution of iron ore in ball mills

An attempt has been made to assess the grinding wear behaviour of austempered ductile iron (ADI) as media material in comminution of Kudremukh haematite iron ore in a ball mill. Spheroidal graphite (S.G) iron balls were austenitised at 900°C for one hour and austempered at 280°C and 380°C for different time durations. These materials were characterized by measuring hardness, carrying out X-ray diffraction analysis, studying microstructures using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Grinding wear behaviour of ADI was assessed during wet grinding at different pH of the mineral slurry. The wear resistance of ADI was compared with that of forged En 31 steel balls under similar grinding conditions. It was found that ADI balls austempered at 280°C for 30 minutes which contains lower bainite registered superior wear resistance. It was also noted that the wear resistance of ADI was more at higher pH range of the slurry.