膜生物反应器处理农村生活污水研究进展

叙述了膜生物反应器(MBR)在农村污水处理中的应用进展,分析了农村污水的特点,介绍了MBR的应用现状及分类,归纳了好氧和厌氧MBR在不同工艺、膜材料、膜结构、膜孔径下处理农村污水的效果,及MBR不同组合技术处理农村污水。指出了膜生物反应器运行中膜污染问题,认为在实际应用中应当考虑装置的安装维护、膜组件的清洗难易、设备的使用寿命等实际问题,考虑采用MBR组合工艺处理农村生活污水,以缓解膜污染,提高污水处理效率。     

海上平台常用几种生活污水处理技术介绍

介绍了海上平台生活污水常用的几种生活污水处理技术:物化法、生化法、电解法和膜生物反应器法(MBR),对几种主要技术优缺点进行了对比分析。其中电解法和膜生物反应器法(MBR)应用比较多,能较好的保证污水达标排放。但电解法在维修保养和费用方面有弊端。而膜生物反应器法(MBR)在总体上具有优势,希望该技术未来在污水处理技术领域可以得到更好的创新型研究和应用。     

MBR处理农村生活污水及膜污染控制研究进展

农村生活污水水质水量变化大,排放量小但分布分散,污染物浓度较高。而膜生物反应器（MBR）抗冲击负荷能力强、占地面积小、污染物去除效率高。因此,MBR技术在农村生活污水处理市场的前景较为广阔。这里主要从农村生活污水的特点及处理技术、国内外利用MBR处理农村生活污水的现状、膜污染的作用机制和类型以及控制措施三个方面进行了综述。通过国内外应用现状对比,发现分质处理能更好地实现资源回收,并减轻MBR在脱氮除磷方面的压力;针对膜污染问题,建议从改性膜材料、改良污泥混合液特性、改善操作条件和膜清洗入手,以此来减缓膜污染,降低运行成本,从而更好地推进该技术在农村地区的应用。     

某海上油气田生活污水处理装置优化实践

某海上油气田生活污水处理装置在实际运行使用过程中存在活性污泥活性对有机物消化分解能力下降研究、污水量产生高峰时段比对分析、生化柜水力停留时间变短问题探讨、处理能力瓶颈及船舶摇晃造成的沉淀柜内泥水分离困难等疑难问题。相关部门通过对这些问题进行分析、研究并采取应对措施,解决了处理装置诸多问题,取得了良好示范效果。最后笔者结合膜法膜生物反应器(MBR)生活污水处理装置原理进行流程优化及改造设计,保证了油田生活污水处理装置长期稳定运行,达到新国标GB4914-2008和IMO MEPC.159(55)污水排放标准要求。     

村镇分散生活污水处理中MBR工艺的应用

近年来,随着我国科学技术的不断发展,我国污水治理领域出现了许多新的技术。MBR技术是一种新的污水处理技术,MBR又称膜生物反应器（Membrane Bio-Reactor）,是一种由膜分离单元与生物处理单元相结合的新型水处理技术,具有出水水质稳定,便于中水回收、节约能源等众多优点。本文简要介绍了MBR技术在村镇分散生活污水处理中的应用和前景。     

电泳废水处理系统改造研究

为提高产品质量,对电泳原料的品牌和型号进行调整,调整后水质发生改变,为保证污水三项指标(COD、磷酸盐及pH值)稳定,对污水处理系统同时升级改造,将原有两套处理设施进行简单改造,保留现有废水处理工艺,利用旧罐,更改处理药剂,在两套处理设施尾部增加一套管式膜、生化及MBR系统,以保证生产废水可稳定达标排放.     

膜生物反应器处理生活污水的实验研究和工程设计

通过浸没式膜生物反应器处理生活污水的实验研究,在给定气水比、停留时间、污泥负荷、污泥浓度、膜出水工作压力等设计参数的条件下得出膜生物反应器对有机物、氨氮的去除效果以及洗膜的方法。并以工程实例介绍膜生物反应器（MBR）处理生活污水的设计与计算方法。     

浅析MBR平板膜在煤直接液化废水中的应用与探索

MBR水源来自原有煤直接液化高浓度污水处理系统出水、含油污水处理系统出水、以及部分生活污水,MBR产水进入后续工序处理,本系统采用的MBR膜为进口板式膜,从投用使用至今已5年多,部分MBR膜膜堆出现透膜压差高,处理量降低,膜片泄漏、膜堆产水管老化等现象,造成产水不合格,针对上述问题对膜池内MBR膜进行了检修,发现膜表面有结垢现象,膜片与膜片之间有泥饼,膜片表面有不同程度的损坏等问题。本文根据MBR膜片的结构特点、运行情况对MBR膜膜片发生结垢、损坏等现象进行原因分析,对解决措施进行了探索同时对MBR膜的国产化进行研究。     

MBR工艺在石化污水处理中的应用

随着国家对石化企业节水减排、污水回用的要求不断提高,MBR工艺在石化污水处理中的研究和工程应用越来越广泛。介绍了MBR工艺在已建石化污水处理装置提标改造和新建污水处理装置中的应用现状,对在应用中存在的问题进行了归纳梳理,提出了改进措施与建议,并结合MBR技术改进和材质升级,进一步展望了MBR技术在石化污水回用方面的发展趋势。     

膜生物反应器的研究与展望

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一项膜分离技术与生物反应器相结合的新型污水处理技术，具有广阔的发展前景。介绍了近年来MBR在难降解有机废水处理、污水脱氮除磷等领域的研究成果；论述了膜的性质和活性污泥混合液的性质以及膜分离操作条件等对膜污染防治的影响；指出了MBR进一步研究的领域：膜污染的机理和防治，与其他处理工艺的结合和改进，特殊废水的处理研究，设计规范和操作参数的确定，数学模式的研究等。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.