Na_2O对MgO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2体系微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

利用烧结法制备Na_2O-MgO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2微晶玻璃。采用FT-IR、DSC、XRD和SEM等分析方法,研究玻璃组成中Na_2O对MgO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2系统微晶玻璃的结构、析晶性能、热膨胀系数以及化学稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着Na_2O含量的增加,玻璃结构中出现了[SiO_4]被破坏和[BO_3]转变为[BO_4]的现象。Na_2O的添加明显降低了样品的玻璃化转变温度与析晶峰值温度,增强了MgO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2体系微晶玻璃的析晶能力。未加Na_2O的微晶玻璃主晶相为球状顽辉石,添加后的微晶玻璃析出镁橄榄石颗粒和柱状硼镁钛石,最终A_3、A_4只析出硼镁钛石,并且颗粒逐渐细化。随着Na_2O量的增加,微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数呈逐渐增大的趋势。微晶玻璃的耐酸碱侵蚀能力随Na_2O含量的增加先增强后减弱,其中耐碱腐蚀能力相对较强。     

添加Li_2O的CaO-B_2O_3-SiO_2系微晶玻璃的性能研究

以Li_2O为烧结助剂,采用DTA、XRD、SEM等分析手段研究了添加1.0～2.5 wt%Li_2O对CaO-B_2O_3-SiO_2(CBS)系微晶玻璃性能的影响.结果表明:Li_2O降低了CBS系微晶玻璃的玻璃转变温度和析晶温度.未添加Li_2O的试样在930 ℃烧结,而添加Li_2O的试样可以在820 ℃以下烧结,Li_2O显著降低了试样的烧结温度.当Li_2O添加量为1.0wt%时,试样可以在760～820 ℃范围内烧结,800 ℃烧结试样介电常数为5.71,介电损耗为0.0024(测试频率为10 MHz).     

烧结法制备负膨胀β-锂霞石微晶玻璃

采用化学纯原料,利用烧结法制备了Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系负膨胀微晶玻璃。利用DTA、XRD、SEM和EDS等测试方法,研究了微晶玻璃基础成分配比(Al_2O_3/Li_2O)和添加剂(Bi_2O_3)用量对微晶玻璃物相组成、显微结构、热学性能和力学性能的影响。随着Al_2O_3/Li_2O不断增大,样品的主晶相始终为β-锂霞石,样品的吸水率逐渐减小,热膨胀系数与抗折强度则不断增大。随着Bi_2O_3添加量的增加,微晶玻璃中次晶相Bi_2SiO_5的析出量也随之增加。由于Bi_2SiO_5晶相的热膨胀系数远大于β-锂霞石晶相,故微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数逐渐增大。     

R_xO_y-PbO-B_2O_3-SiO_2系易熔玻璃的合成及其性能

研究了某些周期表第五族元素P、Sb、Bi的氧化物对于Pbo-B_2O_3-SiO_2系玻璃形成范围的影响;测定了玻璃的析晶性能、显微硬度、热膨胀系数、软化温度、化学稳定性等性能,并指出其中某些玻璃可用做封接材料。     

制造化工设备用的Li_2O-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系微晶玻璃

研制成一种以β-锂辉石为主晶相的Li_2O-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系热敏微晶玻璃,具有优良的机械性能、耐热冲击性能和化学稳定性,适合于制造化工耐蚀设备。探讨了这种玻璃的化学组成、晶化过程和制造工艺。     

SiO_2和Al_2O_3对PbO-ZnO-B_2O_3玻璃结构与性能的影响

PbO-ZnO-B_2O_3体系玻璃是低温气密性封装的基础材料之一。Pb O含量高时,玻璃有较强的析晶倾向,其烧结性能受烧结过程中软化温度与析晶温度的影响。添加SiO_2和Al2O3可调节玻璃的结构与性能。SiO_2在Pb O-ZnOB_2O_3体系玻璃中有增强玻璃稳定性、减弱析晶倾向的作用,同时可显著降低玻璃的膨胀系数;Al2O3对玻璃性能影响不明显,单独添加Al_2O_3还容易促进玻璃网络分相;通过SiO_2和Al_2O_3共添加可获得较好的抑制玻璃粉体析晶的效果,得到膨胀系数和烧结温度都相对较低的封接玻璃。     

Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-B_2O_3系统玻璃纤维的核化晶化机理

本文运用扫描电镜、X射线衍射定性分析和定量分析等手段,研究了以TiO_2为成核剂的Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-B_2O_3系统玻璃纤维的核化晶化机理。结果表明,不加TiO_2时,纤维析晶与同成份的块状玻璃明显不同,而且析晶具有明显的方向性。添加TiO_2后,整个纤维内部均匀析晶。另外,TiO_2的加入降低了高温粘度,升高了低温粘度,加快了析晶速度,并促使β-锂霞石(Li_2O·Al_2O_3·2SiO_2)较快地向β-锂辉石(Li_2O·Al_2O_3·4SiO_2)转变。     

B2O3-La2O3-Ta2O5-ZrO2系统中新型ZLaF4玻璃的研制

研究了B2O3含量为20%(质量分数)时B2O3-La2O3-Ta2O5-ZrO2和B2O3-La2O3-Nb2O5-ZrO2系统的玻璃形成区域.在此基础上,逐一添加各种改善析晶性能的氧化物,研制出一种高折射率低色散的ZLaF4光学玻璃,并对其熔炼工艺、析晶性能作了一定的探讨,对一些性能进行了测试.     

Al2O3对R2O-CaO-SiO2-F系统微晶玻璃结构及析晶的影响

R2O-CaO-SiO2-F系统微晶玻璃析晶过程较为复杂,能析出多种晶相,导致性能发生改变。为获得预期的性能,必须对母体玻璃结构和析晶过程进行控制。而Al2O3质量分数的改变对母体玻璃结构和析晶会产生深远的影响,因此本文采用XRD、SEM、IR等测试分析方法,研究Al2O3对微晶玻璃结构和析晶过程的影响。结果表明:铝离子以四配位参与到玻璃的硅氧网络结构中,随着Al2O3引入量的增大,母体玻璃的网络结构得到加强。当氧化铝质量分数为2.5%时,微晶玻璃晶化后析出氟化钙和a-硅碱钙石晶相,当氧化铝质量分数增大至3.5%和4%时,微晶玻璃析出的晶相转变为氟化钙和硬硅钙石,氧化铝质量分数继续升高至4.5%时,微晶玻璃析出的晶相转变为氟化钙、硬硅钙石和a-硅碱钙石晶相。     

含ZnO/SnO_2的SiO_2-B_2O_3-Bi_3O_2封接玻璃性能的研究

用传统熔融冷却法制得SiO_2-B2O3-Bi3O_2系统玻璃,采用差热分析法研究了玻璃的结构和玻璃的特征温度Tg和Tf,测试了玻璃的密度、热膨胀系数、介电常数等性能。结果表明,在SiO_2-B_2O_3-Bi_3O_2系统玻璃中,当ZnO含量增加,ZnO/SnO_2质量比上升时,玻璃的热膨胀系数、密度和摩尔体积均呈下降趋势,玻璃的转化温度Tg和软化温度Tf变化不大,析晶温度Ts则有明显的上升。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Fe2+/H2O2体系O2生成路径

掌握Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系O₂的生成路径,可为避免H₂O₂无效分解,开发经济高效的Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系利用技术指明方向。采用添加自由基捕获剂的方法,探究Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内各种自由基对O₂生成速率的影响,进而确定O₂的生成路径。结果表明:Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内不会产生大量O₂^-·,O₂^-·不是生成O₂的主要反应物质;O₂^-·被全部捕获后,体系中仍产生大量O₂^-·,但此时无O₂生成,证明生成O₂的反应由·OH和HO₂·两种自由基直接参与。分析认为反应·OH+HO₂·-H₂O+O₂是体系内O₂生成的主要路径。控制Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系定向生成·OH,抑制HO₂·的产生,是提高Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系中H₂O₂利用率的有效手段。     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

H2O2 / O3, H2O2 / UV And H2O2 / Fe2+ Processes For The Oxidation Of Hazardous Wastes

Activated hydrogen peroxide produces very reactive OH-radicals which destroy hazardous contaminants in water. The principles and different methods of activation are described. Results from laboratory studies show the numerous applications of this new technology. A successful scaleup of laboratory tests to an industrial level is discussed. Finally, a cost estimate for treating different types of water with hydrogen peroxide is presented.     

Propylene metathesis over Re2O7/Al2O3-B2O3 catalysts

A series of alumina aluminum borate (AAB) with various Al/B molar ratios were prepared by the coprecipitation method. The supported rhenium oxide catalysts with various contents of Re₂O₇ were also prepared by the impregnation method with perrhenic acid. The catalytic activity and stability of Re₂O₇/AAB catalysts for the reaction of propylene metathesis were tested in a fixed-bed microreactor. It was found that Re₂O₇/AAB is more active, stable and regenerable than Re₂O₇/Al₂O₃ for propylene metathesis. The optimum Al/B molar ratio was found to be in the range of 4–10.